"frouncen" meaning in Middle English

See frouncen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈfruːnsən/
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French froncer, froncir, from Old French froncir, from fronce; by surface analysis, frounce + -en (infinitival suffix). Etymology templates: {{bor+|enm|frm|froncer}} Borrowed from Middle French froncer, {{der|enm|fro|froncir}} Old French froncir, {{surface analysis|enm|frounce|-en|id2=infinitival|nocap=1|pos2=infinitival suffix}} by surface analysis, frounce + -en (infinitival suffix) Head templates: {{head|enm|verb|head=}} frouncen, {{enm-verb|stem=frounc}} frouncen (third-person singular simple present frounceth, present participle frouncende, frouncynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle frounced) Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-wk|frounc}} Forms: frounceth [present, singular, third-person], frouncende [participle, present], frouncynge [participle, present], frounced [first-person, indicative, participle, past, singular, third-person], weak [table-tags], frouncen [infinitive], to frouncen [infinitive], frounce [infinitive], frounce [first-person, present, singular], frounced [first-person, past, singular], frouncest [present, second-person, singular], frouncedest [past, second-person, singular], frounceth [present, singular, third-person], frounced [past, singular, third-person], frounce [present, singular, subjunctive], frounced [past, singular, subjunctive], frounce [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], frouncen [plural, present], frounce [plural, present], frounceden [past, plural], frouncede [past, plural], frounceth [imperative, plural, present], frounce [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], frouncynge [participle, present], frouncende [participle, present], frounced [participle, past], yfrounced [participle, past]
  1. To crease or wrinkle. Categories (topical): Emotions
    Sense id: en-frouncen-enm-verb-Oi7jqvS8 Disambiguation of Emotions: 43 29 28 Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival), Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 46 37 17 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival): 38 41 21 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 39 33 28 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 34 33 33
  2. To frown or sneer.
    Sense id: en-frouncen-enm-verb-Ar46D8qm Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival), Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 46 37 17 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival): 38 41 21 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 39 33 28 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 34 33 33
  3. (rare) To squeak or squeal. Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-frouncen-enm-verb-UoBp-L6j Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival), Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 46 37 17 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival): 38 41 21 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 39 33 28 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 34 33 33
     
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "frounce"
          },
          "expansion": "English: frounce",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: frounce"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "froncer"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Middle French froncer",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "froncir"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French froncir",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "frounce",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "infinitival",
        "nocap": "1",
        "pos2": "infinitival suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "by surface analysis, frounce + -en (infinitival suffix)",
      "name": "surface analysis"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle French froncer, froncir, from Old French froncir, from fronce; by surface analysis, frounce + -en (infinitival suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "frounceth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frouncende",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frouncynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frounced",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frouncen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to frouncen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frounce",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frounce",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frounced",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frouncest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frouncedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frounceth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frounced",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frounce",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frounced",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frounce",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frouncen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frounce",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frounceden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frouncede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frounceth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frounce",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frouncynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frouncende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frounced",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yfrounced",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "frouncen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "frounc"
      },
      "expansion": "frouncen (third-person singular simple present frounceth, present participle frouncende, frouncynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle frounced)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frounc"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "46 37 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 41 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 33 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "43 29 28",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Emotions",
          "orig": "enm:Emotions",
          "parents": [
            "Mind",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To crease or wrinkle."
      ],
      "id": "en-frouncen-enm-verb-Oi7jqvS8",
      "links": [
        [
          "crease",
          "crease"
        ],
        [
          "wrinkle",
          "wrinkle"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "46 37 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 41 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 33 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To frown or sneer."
      ],
      "id": "en-frouncen-enm-verb-Ar46D8qm",
      "links": [
        [
          "frown",
          "frown"
        ],
        [
          "sneer",
          "sneer"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "46 37 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 41 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 33 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To squeak or squeal."
      ],
      "id": "en-frouncen-enm-verb-UoBp-L6j",
      "links": [
        [
          "squeak",
          "squeak"
        ],
        [
          "squeal",
          "squeal"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To squeak or squeal."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfruːnsən/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "frouncen"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English terms borrowed from Middle French",
    "Middle English terms derived from Middle French",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old French",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
    "Middle English verbs",
    "Middle English weak verbs",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Emotions"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "frounce"
          },
          "expansion": "English: frounce",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: frounce"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "froncer"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Middle French froncer",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "froncir"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French froncir",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "frounce",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "infinitival",
        "nocap": "1",
        "pos2": "infinitival suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "by surface analysis, frounce + -en (infinitival suffix)",
      "name": "surface analysis"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle French froncer, froncir, from Old French froncir, from fronce; by surface analysis, frounce + -en (infinitival suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "frounceth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frouncende",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frouncynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frounced",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frouncen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to frouncen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frounce",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frounce",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frounced",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frouncest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frouncedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frounceth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frounced",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frounce",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frounced",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frounce",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frouncen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frounce",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frounceden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frouncede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frounceth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frounce",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frouncynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frouncende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frounced",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yfrounced",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "frouncen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "frounc"
      },
      "expansion": "frouncen (third-person singular simple present frounceth, present participle frouncende, frouncynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle frounced)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frounc"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To crease or wrinkle."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "crease",
          "crease"
        ],
        [
          "wrinkle",
          "wrinkle"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To frown or sneer."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "frown",
          "frown"
        ],
        [
          "sneer",
          "sneer"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To squeak or squeal."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "squeak",
          "squeak"
        ],
        [
          "squeal",
          "squeal"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To squeak or squeal."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfruːnsən/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "frouncen"
}

Download raw JSONL data for frouncen meaning in Middle English (4.6kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.