See frend in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for frend meaning in Middle English (4.8kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "frenden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "frenderede"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "frendful"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "frendles"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "frendly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "frendman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "frendschip"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "onfrend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "unfrendly"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "friend"
},
"expansion": "English: friend",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "English: friend (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "freend",
"3": "frende",
"4": "freynd",
"5": "freind"
},
"expansion": "Scots: freend, frende, freynd, freind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: freend, frende, freynd, freind"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "vriene",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: vriene, friend",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: vriene, friend"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ffrind",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Welsh: ffrind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Welsh: ffrind"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "frēond"
},
"expansion": "Old English frēond",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*friund"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *friund",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*frijōndz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *frijōndz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fre",
"3": "-ende"
},
"expansion": "fre + -ende",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English frēond, from Proto-West Germanic *friund, from Proto-Germanic *frijōndz; equivalent to fre + -ende.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "frendes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frend",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "frend",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frendes",
"pl2": "frend",
"pl2_qual": "Early ME"
},
"expansion": "frend (plural frendes or (Early ME) frend)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 37 31 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A friend or compatriot; a close associate."
],
"id": "en-frend-enm-noun-W9toxxnh",
"links": [
[
"friend",
"friend"
],
[
"compatriot",
"compatriot"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 37 31 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A patron, philanthropist, or supporter."
],
"id": "en-frend-enm-noun-ujCEwXSO",
"links": [
[
"patron",
"patron"
],
[
"philanthropist",
"philanthropist"
],
[
"supporter",
"supporter"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 7 91 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 8 90 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 6 92 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -ende",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 29 45 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Family",
"orig": "enm:Family",
"parents": [
"People",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 37 31 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A family member; one of one's kin."
],
"id": "en-frend-enm-noun-I6UNa~YY",
"links": [
[
"family",
"family"
],
[
"kin",
"kin"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A lover or mistress."
],
"id": "en-frend-enm-noun-mZHTfbtw",
"links": [
[
"lover",
"lover"
],
[
"mistress",
"mistress"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A lover or mistress."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/freːnd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/frɛnd/",
"note": "from compounds"
},
{
"ipa": "/frind/",
"note": "from compounds"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "frende"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "freond"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "friend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vrend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "freend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "frond"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "frund"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "freind"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "freynde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vryend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "frind"
}
],
"word": "frend"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -ende",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"enm:Family",
"enm:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "frenden"
},
{
"word": "frenderede"
},
{
"word": "frendful"
},
{
"word": "frendles"
},
{
"word": "frendly"
},
{
"word": "frendman"
},
{
"word": "frendschip"
},
{
"word": "onfrend"
},
{
"word": "unfrendly"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "friend"
},
"expansion": "English: friend",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "English: friend (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "freend",
"3": "frende",
"4": "freynd",
"5": "freind"
},
"expansion": "Scots: freend, frende, freynd, freind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: freend, frende, freynd, freind"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "vriene",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: vriene, friend",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: vriene, friend"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ffrind",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Welsh: ffrind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Welsh: ffrind"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "frēond"
},
"expansion": "Old English frēond",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*friund"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *friund",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*frijōndz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *frijōndz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fre",
"3": "-ende"
},
"expansion": "fre + -ende",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English frēond, from Proto-West Germanic *friund, from Proto-Germanic *frijōndz; equivalent to fre + -ende.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "frendes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frend",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "frend",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frendes",
"pl2": "frend",
"pl2_qual": "Early ME"
},
"expansion": "frend (plural frendes or (Early ME) frend)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A friend or compatriot; a close associate."
],
"links": [
[
"friend",
"friend"
],
[
"compatriot",
"compatriot"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A patron, philanthropist, or supporter."
],
"links": [
[
"patron",
"patron"
],
[
"philanthropist",
"philanthropist"
],
[
"supporter",
"supporter"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A family member; one of one's kin."
],
"links": [
[
"family",
"family"
],
[
"kin",
"kin"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A lover or mistress."
],
"links": [
[
"lover",
"lover"
],
[
"mistress",
"mistress"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A lover or mistress."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/freːnd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/frɛnd/",
"note": "from compounds"
},
{
"ipa": "/frind/",
"note": "from compounds"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "frende"
},
{
"word": "freond"
},
{
"word": "friend"
},
{
"word": "vrend"
},
{
"word": "freend"
},
{
"word": "frond"
},
{
"word": "frund"
},
{
"word": "freind"
},
{
"word": "freynde"
},
{
"word": "vryend"
},
{
"word": "frind"
}
],
"word": "frend"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.