See fraynen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "afraynen"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frain"
},
"expansion": "English: frain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: frain"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "frain",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Scots: frain, frane, frayn, frayne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: frain, frane, frayn, frayne"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fræġnian",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English fræġnian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fræġnian"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English fræġnian",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*fregnan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fregnan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*frehnaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *frehnaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fregna"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse fregna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "vraghen",
"3": "vrāghen",
"4": "to ask"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch vrāghen (“to ask”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "vrāgen",
"3": "",
"4": "to ask"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German vrāgen (“to ask”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "fregne",
"3": "",
"4": "to ask"
},
"expansion": "Danish fregne (“to ask”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "prašyti",
"3": "",
"4": "to ask"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian prašyti (“to ask”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English fræġnian, variant of freġnan, friġnan (“to inquire, ask”), from Proto-West Germanic *fregnan, from Proto-Germanic *frehnaną; reinforced by Old Norse fregna.\nCognates:\nCognate with Middle Dutch vrāghen (“to ask”), Middle High German vrāgen (“to ask”), Old Danish fregne (“to ask”), Lithuanian prašyti (“to ask”), Polish prosić (“to ask”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "frayneth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fraynende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fraynynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "frayned",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fraynen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to fraynen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "frayne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "frayne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frayned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fraynest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fraynedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frayneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "frayned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "frayne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "frayned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "frayne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fraynen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "frayne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "frayneden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fraynede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frayneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "frayne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fraynynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fraynende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "frayned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yfrayned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "fraynen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "frayn"
},
"expansion": "fraynen (third-person singular simple present frayneth, present participle fraynende, fraynynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle frayned)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frayn"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "56 5 5 4 31",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Communication",
"orig": "enm:Communication",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "fifteenth century, unknown author, The prophecies of Thomas the Rhymer",
"text": "I frained fast what was his name, Where that he came, from what country."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To ask or inquire; to make an inquiry:",
"To ask or make a request (for something)."
],
"id": "en-fraynen-enm-verb-NBPXGMnm",
"links": [
[
"ask",
"ask"
],
[
"inquire",
"inquire"
],
[
"inquiry",
"inquiry"
],
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"something",
"something#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1370-90, William Langland, Piers Plowman, section I:",
"text": "Þanne I frained hir faire · for hym þat hir made. or Then I frayned at Faith what all that fare meant and who should joust in Jerusalem.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1390, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales:",
"text": "She fraineth and she prayeth pitously To every Jew that dwelt in thilke place To tell her if her child went ought forby.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Joseph: But Mary, I very much regret that circumstances are as they are with you. But one thing I will ask you: Who's child is this that you are pregnant with? / Mary: You, sir, and God of heaven.",
"ref": "15th c., “Annunciacio [Annunciation]”, in Wakefield Mystery Plays; Re-edited in George England, Alfred W. Pollard, editors, The Towneley Plays (Early English Text Society Extra Series; LXXI), London: […] Oxford University Press, 1897, →OCLC, page 91, lines 183–187:",
"text": "[Joseph:] Bot certys, mary, I rew full sore / It standys so with the[e] now. / Bot of a thyng frayn the[e] I shall / who owe this child thou gose with all? / Maria. Syr, ye, and god of heuen.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To ask or inquire; to make an inquiry:",
"To ask or direct a question at someone"
],
"id": "en-fraynen-enm-verb-4gK8EKcj",
"links": [
[
"ask",
"ask"
],
[
"inquire",
"inquire"
],
[
"inquiry",
"inquiry"
],
[
"question",
"question"
],
[
"someone",
"someone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To ask or inquire; to make an inquiry:",
"To ask or direct a question at someone:"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To ask or inquire; to make an inquiry:",
"To ask or put forward (a question)."
],
"id": "en-fraynen-enm-verb-bNINOtYI",
"links": [
[
"ask",
"ask"
],
[
"inquire",
"inquire"
],
[
"inquiry",
"inquiry"
],
[
"put",
"put"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"question",
"question"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 5 7 67 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Dutch links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 53 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 5 11 67 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 8 75 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To look or search for something."
],
"id": "en-fraynen-enm-verb-~ge-P0Lq",
"links": [
[
"look",
"look"
],
[
"search",
"search"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To acquire knowledge through asking."
],
"id": "en-fraynen-enm-verb-LoxiZJ2K",
"links": [
[
"acquire",
"acquire"
],
[
"knowledge",
"knowledge"
],
[
"asking",
"asking"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frain"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fraine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frayn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frayne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "freinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "freyne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fræine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fræinien"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "vraini"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Ormulum"
],
"word": "fraȝȝnenn"
}
],
"word": "fraynen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch links with redundant target parameters",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Communication"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "afraynen"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frain"
},
"expansion": "English: frain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: frain"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "frain",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Scots: frain, frane, frayn, frayne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: frain, frane, frayn, frayne"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fræġnian",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English fræġnian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fræġnian"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English fræġnian",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*fregnan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fregnan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*frehnaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *frehnaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fregna"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse fregna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "vraghen",
"3": "vrāghen",
"4": "to ask"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch vrāghen (“to ask”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "vrāgen",
"3": "",
"4": "to ask"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German vrāgen (“to ask”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "fregne",
"3": "",
"4": "to ask"
},
"expansion": "Danish fregne (“to ask”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "prašyti",
"3": "",
"4": "to ask"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian prašyti (“to ask”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English fræġnian, variant of freġnan, friġnan (“to inquire, ask”), from Proto-West Germanic *fregnan, from Proto-Germanic *frehnaną; reinforced by Old Norse fregna.\nCognates:\nCognate with Middle Dutch vrāghen (“to ask”), Middle High German vrāgen (“to ask”), Old Danish fregne (“to ask”), Lithuanian prašyti (“to ask”), Polish prosić (“to ask”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "frayneth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fraynende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fraynynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "frayned",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fraynen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to fraynen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "frayne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "frayne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frayned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fraynest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fraynedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frayneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "frayned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "frayne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "frayned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "frayne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fraynen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "frayne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "frayneden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fraynede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frayneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "frayne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fraynynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fraynende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "frayned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yfrayned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "fraynen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "frayn"
},
"expansion": "fraynen (third-person singular simple present frayneth, present participle fraynende, fraynynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle frayned)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frayn"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "fifteenth century, unknown author, The prophecies of Thomas the Rhymer",
"text": "I frained fast what was his name, Where that he came, from what country."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To ask or inquire; to make an inquiry:",
"To ask or make a request (for something)."
],
"links": [
[
"ask",
"ask"
],
[
"inquire",
"inquire"
],
[
"inquiry",
"inquiry"
],
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"something",
"something#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1370-90, William Langland, Piers Plowman, section I:",
"text": "Þanne I frained hir faire · for hym þat hir made. or Then I frayned at Faith what all that fare meant and who should joust in Jerusalem.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1390, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales:",
"text": "She fraineth and she prayeth pitously To every Jew that dwelt in thilke place To tell her if her child went ought forby.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Joseph: But Mary, I very much regret that circumstances are as they are with you. But one thing I will ask you: Who's child is this that you are pregnant with? / Mary: You, sir, and God of heaven.",
"ref": "15th c., “Annunciacio [Annunciation]”, in Wakefield Mystery Plays; Re-edited in George England, Alfred W. Pollard, editors, The Towneley Plays (Early English Text Society Extra Series; LXXI), London: […] Oxford University Press, 1897, →OCLC, page 91, lines 183–187:",
"text": "[Joseph:] Bot certys, mary, I rew full sore / It standys so with the[e] now. / Bot of a thyng frayn the[e] I shall / who owe this child thou gose with all? / Maria. Syr, ye, and god of heuen.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To ask or inquire; to make an inquiry:",
"To ask or direct a question at someone"
],
"links": [
[
"ask",
"ask"
],
[
"inquire",
"inquire"
],
[
"inquiry",
"inquiry"
],
[
"question",
"question"
],
[
"someone",
"someone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To ask or inquire; to make an inquiry:",
"To ask or direct a question at someone:"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To ask or inquire; to make an inquiry:",
"To ask or put forward (a question)."
],
"links": [
[
"ask",
"ask"
],
[
"inquire",
"inquire"
],
[
"inquiry",
"inquiry"
],
[
"put",
"put"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"question",
"question"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To look or search for something."
],
"links": [
[
"look",
"look"
],
[
"search",
"search"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To acquire knowledge through asking."
],
"links": [
[
"acquire",
"acquire"
],
[
"knowledge",
"knowledge"
],
[
"asking",
"asking"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "frain"
},
{
"word": "fraine"
},
{
"word": "frainen"
},
{
"word": "frayn"
},
{
"word": "frayne"
},
{
"word": "freinen"
},
{
"word": "freyne"
},
{
"word": "fræine"
},
{
"word": "fræinien"
},
{
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "vraini"
},
{
"tags": [
"Ormulum"
],
"word": "fraȝȝnenn"
}
],
"word": "fraynen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fraynen meaning in Middle English (8.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.