See dongeoun in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dungeon",
"3": "donjon"
},
"expansion": "English: dungeon, donjon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: dungeon, donjon"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "dungeon"
},
"expansion": "Scots: dungeon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: dungeon"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "fro",
"3": "donjon",
"t": "main residence of a castle, fortified tower"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old French donjon (“main residence of a castle, fortified tower”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dung",
"t": "underground prison cell"
},
"expansion": "Old English dung (“underground prison cell”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French donjon (“main residence of a castle, fortified tower”). The sense \"underground cell below the keep of a castle\", first attested in Anglo-Norman (13th c.) and not in other varieties of Old French, may have been influenced by the etymologically unrelated Old English dung (“underground prison cell”). An early manuscript (c1300) of the Middle English poem A disputacion bytwene þe bodi and þe soule uses the word \"donge\" in the same line, cited below, where the later Vernon manuscript (c. 1380-1400) uses the word \"dungoun\" (\"Þe erþe hemsulf it lek aȝeyn, Anon þe donge it was fordit\").",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "dongeoun",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dingle"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A castle; a great fortification."
],
"id": "en-dongeoun-enm-noun-zEpZ9YA1",
"links": [
[
"castle",
"castle"
],
[
"fortification",
"fortification"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 33 18 15 8 8 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 24 20 16 12 11 13",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 33 14 14 12 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The keep or donjon of a castle."
],
"id": "en-dongeoun-enm-noun-q-pAcnC2",
"links": [
[
"keep",
"keep"
],
[
"donjon",
"donjon"
],
[
"castle",
"castle"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 24 20 16 12 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 15 34 10 23 8 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Buildings and structures",
"orig": "enm:Buildings and structures",
"parents": [
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 7 53 15 14 5 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Prison",
"orig": "enm:Prison",
"parents": [
"Buildings",
"Law enforcement",
"Buildings and structures",
"Crime prevention",
"Emergency services",
"Law",
"Architecture",
"Crime",
"Public safety",
"Justice",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Criminal law",
"Society",
"Public administration",
"Security",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Government",
"Fundamental",
"Politics"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1325 – 1390, A disputacion bytwene þe bodi and þe soule, (Vernon manuscript)",
"text": "The eorthe closede hit self aȝeyn, And the dungoun was for-dit."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A dungeon; an underground prison."
],
"id": "en-dongeoun-enm-noun-wEVEkFl0",
"links": [
[
"dungeon",
"dungeon"
],
[
"underground",
"underground"
],
[
"prison",
"prison"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 24 20 16 12 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An abyssal prison, such as Hell or the world."
],
"id": "en-dongeoun-enm-noun-wwTNsC97",
"links": [
[
"prison",
"prison"
],
[
"Hell",
"Hell"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) An abyssal prison, such as Hell or the world."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 24 20 16 12 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A rough dwelling or refuge."
],
"id": "en-dongeoun-enm-noun-Kfcmudgj",
"links": [
[
"dwelling",
"dwelling"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A rough dwelling or refuge."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 24 20 16 12 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A pit; an abyss."
],
"id": "en-dongeoun-enm-noun-ZNyMHKSv",
"links": [
[
"pit",
"pit"
],
[
"abyss",
"abyss"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A pit; an abyss."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 24 20 16 12 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A whirlpool or vortex."
],
"id": "en-dongeoun-enm-noun-Wa3haEWA",
"links": [
[
"whirlpool",
"whirlpool"
],
[
"vortex",
"vortex"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A whirlpool or vortex."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dunˈdʒuːn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdundʒun/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dongeon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dongoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dongyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "donjon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "donjoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "donjown"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "donjoune"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "donyon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "doungoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "downgeon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dunchone"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dungeon"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch"
],
"word": "dongeoun"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Buildings and structures",
"enm:Prison"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dungeon",
"3": "donjon"
},
"expansion": "English: dungeon, donjon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: dungeon, donjon"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "dungeon"
},
"expansion": "Scots: dungeon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: dungeon"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "donjon",
"t": "main residence of a castle, fortified tower"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old French donjon (“main residence of a castle, fortified tower”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dung",
"t": "underground prison cell"
},
"expansion": "Old English dung (“underground prison cell”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French donjon (“main residence of a castle, fortified tower”). The sense \"underground cell below the keep of a castle\", first attested in Anglo-Norman (13th c.) and not in other varieties of Old French, may have been influenced by the etymologically unrelated Old English dung (“underground prison cell”). An early manuscript (c1300) of the Middle English poem A disputacion bytwene þe bodi and þe soule uses the word \"donge\" in the same line, cited below, where the later Vernon manuscript (c. 1380-1400) uses the word \"dungoun\" (\"Þe erþe hemsulf it lek aȝeyn, Anon þe donge it was fordit\").",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "dongeoun",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "dingle"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A castle; a great fortification."
],
"links": [
[
"castle",
"castle"
],
[
"fortification",
"fortification"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The keep or donjon of a castle."
],
"links": [
[
"keep",
"keep"
],
[
"donjon",
"donjon"
],
[
"castle",
"castle"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1325 – 1390, A disputacion bytwene þe bodi and þe soule, (Vernon manuscript)",
"text": "The eorthe closede hit self aȝeyn, And the dungoun was for-dit."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A dungeon; an underground prison."
],
"links": [
[
"dungeon",
"dungeon"
],
[
"underground",
"underground"
],
[
"prison",
"prison"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An abyssal prison, such as Hell or the world."
],
"links": [
[
"prison",
"prison"
],
[
"Hell",
"Hell"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) An abyssal prison, such as Hell or the world."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A rough dwelling or refuge."
],
"links": [
[
"dwelling",
"dwelling"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A rough dwelling or refuge."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A pit; an abyss."
],
"links": [
[
"pit",
"pit"
],
[
"abyss",
"abyss"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A pit; an abyss."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A whirlpool or vortex."
],
"links": [
[
"whirlpool",
"whirlpool"
],
[
"vortex",
"vortex"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A whirlpool or vortex."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dunˈdʒuːn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdundʒun/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dongeon"
},
{
"word": "dongoun"
},
{
"word": "dongyn"
},
{
"word": "donjon"
},
{
"word": "donjoun"
},
{
"word": "donjown"
},
{
"word": "donjoune"
},
{
"word": "donyon"
},
{
"word": "doungoun"
},
{
"word": "downgeon"
},
{
"word": "dunchone"
},
{
"word": "dungeon"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch"
],
"word": "dongeoun"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dongeoun meaning in Middle English (3.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.