See craven in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "crave"
},
"expansion": "English: crave",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: crave"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "crave"
},
"expansion": "Scots: crave",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: crave"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "crave"
},
"expansion": "Yola: crave",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: crave"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "crafian"
},
"expansion": "Old English crafian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*krafōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krafōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krafjaną",
"t": "to demand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krafjaną (“to demand”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English crafian, from Proto-West Germanic *krafōn, modification of Proto-Germanic *krafjaną (“to demand”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "craven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to craven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crave",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crave",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "craved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cravest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cravedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "craveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "craved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crave",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "craved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "crave",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "craven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crave",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "craveden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cravede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "craveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crave",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cravynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cravende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "craved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ycraved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "craven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crav"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And you, my beloved sisters, have asked me for a rule many times.",
"ref": "c. 1225, “Introduction”, in Ancrene Ƿiſſe (MS. Corpus Christi 402), Herefordshire, published c. 1235, folio 1, verso; republished at Cambridge: Parker Library on the Web, 2018 January 5:",
"text": "Ant ȝe mine leoue ſuſtren habbeð moni dei icrauet on me efter riƿle",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to ask or petition (for something)"
],
"id": "en-craven-enm-verb-E7HoLt55",
"links": [
[
"ask",
"ask"
],
[
"petition",
"petition"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to demand or claim; to ask forcefully"
],
"id": "en-craven-enm-verb-VRwZ5LvN",
"links": [
[
"demand",
"demand"
],
[
"claim",
"claim"
],
[
"forcefully",
"forcefully"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to ask or inquire (about something)"
],
"id": "en-craven-enm-verb-xSbq1R19",
"links": [
[
"ask",
"ask"
],
[
"inquire",
"inquire"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to want or crave"
],
"id": "en-craven-enm-verb-3MBSG2BF",
"links": [
[
"want",
"want"
],
[
"crave",
"crave"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) to want or crave"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to charge; to calumniate"
],
"id": "en-craven-enm-verb-yXqC20nz",
"links": [
[
"charge",
"charge"
],
[
"calumniate",
"calumniate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) to charge; to calumniate"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkraːvən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crave"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cravyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crawyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "krave"
}
],
"word": "craven"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "crave"
},
"expansion": "English: crave",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: crave"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "crave"
},
"expansion": "Scots: crave",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: crave"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "crave"
},
"expansion": "Yola: crave",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: crave"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "crafian"
},
"expansion": "Old English crafian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*krafōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krafōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krafjaną",
"t": "to demand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krafjaną (“to demand”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English crafian, from Proto-West Germanic *krafōn, modification of Proto-Germanic *krafjaną (“to demand”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "craven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to craven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crave",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crave",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "craved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cravest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cravedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "craveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "craved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crave",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "craved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "crave",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "craven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crave",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "craveden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cravede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "craveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crave",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cravynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cravende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "craved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ycraved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "craven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crav"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And you, my beloved sisters, have asked me for a rule many times.",
"ref": "c. 1225, “Introduction”, in Ancrene Ƿiſſe (MS. Corpus Christi 402), Herefordshire, published c. 1235, folio 1, verso; republished at Cambridge: Parker Library on the Web, 2018 January 5:",
"text": "Ant ȝe mine leoue ſuſtren habbeð moni dei icrauet on me efter riƿle",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to ask or petition (for something)"
],
"links": [
[
"ask",
"ask"
],
[
"petition",
"petition"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to demand or claim; to ask forcefully"
],
"links": [
[
"demand",
"demand"
],
[
"claim",
"claim"
],
[
"forcefully",
"forcefully"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to ask or inquire (about something)"
],
"links": [
[
"ask",
"ask"
],
[
"inquire",
"inquire"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"to want or crave"
],
"links": [
[
"want",
"want"
],
[
"crave",
"crave"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) to want or crave"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"to charge; to calumniate"
],
"links": [
[
"charge",
"charge"
],
[
"calumniate",
"calumniate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) to charge; to calumniate"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkraːvən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "crave"
},
{
"word": "cravyn"
},
{
"word": "crawyn"
},
{
"word": "krave"
}
],
"word": "craven"
}
Download raw JSONL data for craven meaning in Middle English (5.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.