See cod in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pesecod"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cod"
},
"expansion": "English: cod",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: cod"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "cod"
},
"expansion": "Scots: cod",
"name": "desc"
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"text": "Scots: cod"
},
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cot",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Welsh: cot",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Welsh: cot"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cod"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: cod",
"name": "desc"
}
],
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"4": "",
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},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*koddō"
},
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "gem-pro",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
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"4": "",
"5": "pouch, sack"
},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmq-oda",
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},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "koddi"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse koddi",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English codd (“bag, pouch”), from Proto-West Germanic *koddō, from Proto-Germanic *kuddô, from Proto-Indo-European *gewt- (“pouch, sack”), from *gew- (“to bend, bow, arch, vault, curve”). The \"pillow\" sense is from Old Danish kodde or Old Norse koddi, from the same Proto-Germanic source.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "coddes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "codde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kode",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "code",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "coddes"
},
"expansion": "cod (plural coddes)",
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}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 15 13 5 17 9 20 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 16 8 16 5 20 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Bedding",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 7 4 23 7 17 7 3",
"kind": "other",
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"name": "Botany",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 21 17 0 21 1 18 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fish",
"orig": "enm:Fish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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"A seedpod; a plant's natural casing for its seeds."
],
"id": "en-cod-enm-noun-enm:seedpod",
"links": [
[
"seedpod",
"seedpod"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:seedpod"
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},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 15 13 5 17 9 20 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 28 11 21 12 6 12 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Bags",
"orig": "enm:Bags",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 16 8 16 5 20 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Bedding",
"orig": "enm:Bedding",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 21 17 0 21 1 18 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fish",
"orig": "enm:Fish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A scrotum, ballsack; a case for the testicles."
],
"id": "en-cod-enm-noun-4uw88o1j",
"links": [
[
"scrotum",
"scrotum"
],
[
"ballsack",
"ballsack"
],
[
"testicles",
"testicles"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 15 13 5 17 9 20 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 16 8 16 5 20 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
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},
{
"_dis": "22 21 17 0 21 1 18 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fish",
"orig": "enm:Fish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A pillow or cushion; a piece of cushioning."
],
"id": "en-cod-enm-noun-kPvMQ3zS",
"links": [
[
"pillow",
"pillow"
],
[
"cushion",
"cushion"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A sack or pouch; a case for items."
],
"id": "en-cod-enm-noun-ULhWuEGk",
"links": [
[
"sack",
"sack"
],
[
"pouch",
"pouch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A sack or pouch; a case for items."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 15 13 5 17 9 20 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 16 8 16 5 20 2",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "22 21 17 0 21 1 18 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fish",
"orig": "enm:Fish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The gullet, windpipe or esophagus."
],
"id": "en-cod-enm-noun-iATn~9n~",
"links": [
[
"gullet",
"gullet"
],
[
"windpipe",
"windpipe"
],
[
"esophagus",
"esophagus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) The gullet, windpipe or esophagus."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 25 3 5 15 34 6 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "enm:Anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The chest or stomach region."
],
"id": "en-cod-enm-noun-eJupKyR3",
"links": [
[
"chest",
"chest"
],
[
"stomach",
"stomach"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) The chest or stomach region."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 15 13 5 17 9 20 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 16 8 16 5 20 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Bedding",
"orig": "enm:Bedding",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 21 17 0 21 1 18 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fish",
"orig": "enm:Fish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A ball bearing; a metal ball acting to cushion."
],
"id": "en-cod-enm-noun-KGuolxB2",
"links": [
[
"ball bearing",
"ball bearing"
],
[
"cushion",
"cushion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A ball bearing; a metal ball acting to cushion."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔd(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "cod"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cod"
},
"expansion": "English: cod",
"name": "desc"
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"text": "English: cod"
}
],
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},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cod"
},
"expansion": "English cod",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; see English cod.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "coddes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "codde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kotde",
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"alternative"
]
}
],
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"args": {
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"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "coddes"
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}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cod, codfish"
],
"id": "en-cod-enm-noun-enm:cod",
"links": [
[
"cod",
"cod#English"
],
[
"codfish",
"codfish"
]
],
"senseid": [
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{
"ipa": "/kɔd/"
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"word": "cod"
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{
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"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old Danish",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms derived from Old Danish",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Anatomy",
"enm:Bags",
"enm:Bedding",
"enm:Botany",
"enm:Fish"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pesecod"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cod"
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"expansion": "English: cod",
"name": "desc"
}
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"text": "English: cod"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "cod"
},
"expansion": "Scots: cod",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: cod"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cot",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Welsh: cot",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Welsh: cot"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cod"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: cod",
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}
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}
],
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"args": {
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"2": "ang",
"3": "codd",
"4": "",
"5": "bag, pouch"
},
"expansion": "Old English codd (“bag, pouch”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
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},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gewt-",
"4": "",
"5": "pouch, sack"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gewt- (“pouch, sack”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
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},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "koddi"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse koddi",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English codd (“bag, pouch”), from Proto-West Germanic *koddō, from Proto-Germanic *kuddô, from Proto-Indo-European *gewt- (“pouch, sack”), from *gew- (“to bend, bow, arch, vault, curve”). The \"pillow\" sense is from Old Danish kodde or Old Norse koddi, from the same Proto-Germanic source.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "coddes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "codde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kode",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "code",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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"g": "",
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"g3": "",
"head": "",
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"expansion": "cod",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "coddes"
},
"expansion": "cod (plural coddes)",
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}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A seedpod; a plant's natural casing for its seeds."
],
"links": [
[
"seedpod",
"seedpod"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:seedpod"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A scrotum, ballsack; a case for the testicles."
],
"links": [
[
"scrotum",
"scrotum"
],
[
"ballsack",
"ballsack"
],
[
"testicles",
"testicles"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A pillow or cushion; a piece of cushioning."
],
"links": [
[
"pillow",
"pillow"
],
[
"cushion",
"cushion"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A sack or pouch; a case for items."
],
"links": [
[
"sack",
"sack"
],
[
"pouch",
"pouch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A sack or pouch; a case for items."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The gullet, windpipe or esophagus."
],
"links": [
[
"gullet",
"gullet"
],
[
"windpipe",
"windpipe"
],
[
"esophagus",
"esophagus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) The gullet, windpipe or esophagus."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The chest or stomach region."
],
"links": [
[
"chest",
"chest"
],
[
"stomach",
"stomach"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) The chest or stomach region."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A ball bearing; a metal ball acting to cushion."
],
"links": [
[
"ball bearing",
"ball bearing"
],
[
"cushion",
"cushion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A ball bearing; a metal ball acting to cushion."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔd(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "cod"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
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"enm:Bags",
"enm:Bedding",
"enm:Botany",
"enm:Fish"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cod"
},
"expansion": "English: cod",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: cod"
}
],
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"args": {
"1": "enm"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cod"
},
"expansion": "English cod",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; see English cod.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "coddes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "codde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kotde",
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"alternative"
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}
],
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{
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"g": "",
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"head": "",
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},
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"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "coddes"
},
"expansion": "cod (plural coddes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cod, codfish"
],
"links": [
[
"cod",
"cod#English"
],
[
"codfish",
"codfish"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:cod"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔd/"
}
],
"word": "cod"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cod meaning in Middle English (5.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (a681f8a and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.