See chapman in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chapman"
},
"expansion": "English: chapman",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: chapman"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chap",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ English: chap\nPennsylvania German: Tschaepp (“guy”)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "⇒ English: chap\nPennsylvania German: Tschaepp (“guy”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "chapman"
},
"expansion": "Scots: chapman",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: chapman"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċēapmann"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċēapmann",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kaupamann"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kaupamann",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "chep",
"3": "man",
"id2": "man",
"t1": "price",
"t2": "man"
},
"expansion": "chep (“price”) + man (“man”)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English ċēapmann, from Proto-West Germanic *kaupamann; equivalent to chep (“price”) + man (“man”).\nForms in /i/ may be from the Old English variant ċȳpman, presumably influenced by the verb ċīepan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chapmen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "capman",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chepman",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chipman",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "schapman",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "schipman",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "shapmann",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chapmon",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "chæpmon",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "chepmon",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "chappmann",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ormulum"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "chapman",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "chapmen"
},
"expansion": "chapman (plural chapmen)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 8 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 17 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "enm:Occupations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A merchant; a seller of goods."
],
"id": "en-chapman-enm-noun-Qh3xcF-k",
"links": [
[
"merchant",
"merchant"
],
[
"seller",
"seller"
],
[
"good",
"good"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A negotiator or dealer."
],
"id": "en-chapman-enm-noun-t39btjHy",
"links": [
[
"negotiator",
"negotiator"
],
[
"dealer",
"dealer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) A negotiator or dealer."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 8 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 0 57",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Business",
"orig": "enm:Business",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A purchaser of goods."
],
"id": "en-chapman-enm-noun-ekcN3u1F",
"links": [
[
"purchaser",
"purchaser"
],
[
"good",
"good"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) A purchaser of goods."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃapman/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃɛpman/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃipman/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-mɔn/",
"tags": [
"West-Midlands"
]
}
],
"word": "chapman"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English compound terms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Business",
"enm:Occupations"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chapman"
},
"expansion": "English: chapman",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: chapman"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chap",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ English: chap\nPennsylvania German: Tschaepp (“guy”)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "⇒ English: chap\nPennsylvania German: Tschaepp (“guy”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "chapman"
},
"expansion": "Scots: chapman",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: chapman"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċēapmann"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċēapmann",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kaupamann"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kaupamann",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "chep",
"3": "man",
"id2": "man",
"t1": "price",
"t2": "man"
},
"expansion": "chep (“price”) + man (“man”)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English ċēapmann, from Proto-West Germanic *kaupamann; equivalent to chep (“price”) + man (“man”).\nForms in /i/ may be from the Old English variant ċȳpman, presumably influenced by the verb ċīepan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chapmen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "capman",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chepman",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chipman",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "schapman",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "schipman",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "shapmann",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chapmon",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "chæpmon",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "chepmon",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "chappmann",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ormulum"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "chapman",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "chapmen"
},
"expansion": "chapman (plural chapmen)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A merchant; a seller of goods."
],
"links": [
[
"merchant",
"merchant"
],
[
"seller",
"seller"
],
[
"good",
"good"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A negotiator or dealer."
],
"links": [
[
"negotiator",
"negotiator"
],
[
"dealer",
"dealer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) A negotiator or dealer."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A purchaser of goods."
],
"links": [
[
"purchaser",
"purchaser"
],
[
"good",
"good"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) A purchaser of goods."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃapman/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃɛpman/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃipman/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-mɔn/",
"tags": [
"West-Midlands"
]
}
],
"word": "chapman"
}
Download raw JSONL data for chapman meaning in Middle English (3.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-07-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-01 using wiktextract (45c4a21 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.