See bryngen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bring"
},
"expansion": "English: bring",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: bring"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "bring"
},
"expansion": "Scots: bring",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: bring"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "ee-brougkt",
"qq": "ppl"
},
"expansion": "Yola: ee-brougkt (ppl)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: ee-brougkt (ppl)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bringan",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English bringan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bringan"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English bringan",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bringan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bringan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bringaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bringaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰrenk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenk-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English bringan, from Proto-West Germanic *bringan, from Proto-Germanic *bringaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenk-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bryngeth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bryngynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "broghte",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "broght",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "irregular weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bryngen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to bryngen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "broghte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bryngest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "broghtest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bryngeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "broghte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "broghte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bryngen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "broghten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "broghte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bryngeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bryngynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bryngende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "broght",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ybroght",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "bryngen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bryngeth",
"2": "bryngynge",
"3": "broghte",
"4": "broght"
},
"expansion": "bryngen (third-person singular simple present bryngeth, present participle bryngynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative broghte, past participle broght)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bryng",
"2": "broght",
"class": "irr"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 10 15 14 18 14 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 12 14 18 14 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 6 9 15 15 15 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Transport",
"orig": "enm:Transport",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to bring; to (physically) convey or deliver towards"
],
"id": "en-bryngen-enm-verb-9rxduUAE",
"links": [
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"convey",
"convey"
],
[
"deliver",
"deliver"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 10 15 14 18 14 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to deliver or provide (news, an argument, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-bryngen-enm-verb-gyMvoKY3",
"links": [
[
"deliver",
"deliver"
],
[
"provide",
"provide"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 10 15 14 18 14 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 12 14 18 14 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "All the food except for salt, / like wheat, flour, meal, and malt, / he went to put in the wine-cellar […]",
"ref": "c. 1375, “Book V”, in Iohne Barbour, De geſtis bellis et uirtutibus domini Roberti de Brwyß […] (The Brus, Advocates MS. 19.2.2), Ouchtirmunſye: Iohannes Ramſay, published 1489, folio 17, verso, lines 408-410; republished at Edinburgh: National Library of Scotland, c. 2010:",
"text": "All þe wictalis owtane ſalt / Als quheyt and flour ⁊ meill ⁊ malt / In þe wyne sellar geꝛt he bꝛyng[…]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to put; to set or bring onto."
],
"id": "en-bryngen-enm-verb-PF786EwQ",
"links": [
[
"put",
"put"
],
[
"set",
"set"
],
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"onto",
"onto"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 10 15 14 18 14 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 12 14 18 14 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to bring about; to create; to occasion:",
"to supply, contribute; to provide with"
],
"id": "en-bryngen-enm-verb-Ha2yeW6g",
"links": [
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"occasion",
"occasion"
],
[
"supply",
"supply"
],
[
"contribute",
"contribute"
],
[
"provide",
"provide"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 8 13 15 23 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 10 15 14 18 14 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 12 14 18 14 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to bring about; to create; to occasion:",
"to bring, lead (in(to) or out (of) a quality)"
],
"id": "en-bryngen-enm-verb-bF-BNjev",
"links": [
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"occasion",
"occasion"
],
[
"lead",
"lead"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 10 15 14 18 14 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 12 14 18 14 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to bring about; to create; to occasion:",
"to modify (something) into (something else)"
],
"id": "en-bryngen-enm-verb-1-Rw5SLG",
"links": [
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"occasion",
"occasion"
],
[
"modify",
"modify"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 10 15 14 18 14 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 12 14 18 14 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 7 12 15 17 15 23",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Talking",
"orig": "enm:Talking",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to bring about; to create; to occasion:",
"to cause (to do); to induce"
],
"id": "en-bryngen-enm-verb-FhdBI2eH",
"links": [
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"occasion",
"occasion"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"induce",
"induce"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to bring about; to create; to occasion:",
"(rare) to cause (to do); to induce"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbrinɡən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "brenge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bring"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bringe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bringen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bringge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bringue"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "brinken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bryng"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "brynge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bryngge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bryngyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Ormulum"
],
"word": "brinngenn"
}
],
"word": "bryngen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English irregular weak verbs",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Talking",
"enm:Transport"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bring"
},
"expansion": "English: bring",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: bring"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "bring"
},
"expansion": "Scots: bring",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: bring"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "ee-brougkt",
"qq": "ppl"
},
"expansion": "Yola: ee-brougkt (ppl)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: ee-brougkt (ppl)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bringan",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English bringan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bringan"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English bringan",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bringan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bringan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bringaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bringaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰrenk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenk-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English bringan, from Proto-West Germanic *bringan, from Proto-Germanic *bringaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenk-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bryngeth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bryngynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "broghte",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "broght",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "irregular weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bryngen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to bryngen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "broghte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bryngest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "broghtest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bryngeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "broghte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "broghte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bryngen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "broghten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "broghte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bryngeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bryngynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bryngende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "broght",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ybroght",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "bryngen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bryngeth",
"2": "bryngynge",
"3": "broghte",
"4": "broght"
},
"expansion": "bryngen (third-person singular simple present bryngeth, present participle bryngynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative broghte, past participle broght)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bryng",
"2": "broght",
"class": "irr"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to bring; to (physically) convey or deliver towards"
],
"links": [
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"convey",
"convey"
],
[
"deliver",
"deliver"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to deliver or provide (news, an argument, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"deliver",
"deliver"
],
[
"provide",
"provide"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "All the food except for salt, / like wheat, flour, meal, and malt, / he went to put in the wine-cellar […]",
"ref": "c. 1375, “Book V”, in Iohne Barbour, De geſtis bellis et uirtutibus domini Roberti de Brwyß […] (The Brus, Advocates MS. 19.2.2), Ouchtirmunſye: Iohannes Ramſay, published 1489, folio 17, verso, lines 408-410; republished at Edinburgh: National Library of Scotland, c. 2010:",
"text": "All þe wictalis owtane ſalt / Als quheyt and flour ⁊ meill ⁊ malt / In þe wyne sellar geꝛt he bꝛyng[…]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to put; to set or bring onto."
],
"links": [
[
"put",
"put"
],
[
"set",
"set"
],
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"onto",
"onto"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to bring about; to create; to occasion:",
"to supply, contribute; to provide with"
],
"links": [
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"occasion",
"occasion"
],
[
"supply",
"supply"
],
[
"contribute",
"contribute"
],
[
"provide",
"provide"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to bring about; to create; to occasion:",
"to bring, lead (in(to) or out (of) a quality)"
],
"links": [
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"occasion",
"occasion"
],
[
"lead",
"lead"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to bring about; to create; to occasion:",
"to modify (something) into (something else)"
],
"links": [
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"occasion",
"occasion"
],
[
"modify",
"modify"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"to bring about; to create; to occasion:",
"to cause (to do); to induce"
],
"links": [
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"occasion",
"occasion"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"induce",
"induce"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to bring about; to create; to occasion:",
"(rare) to cause (to do); to induce"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbrinɡən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "brenge"
},
{
"word": "bring"
},
{
"word": "bringe"
},
{
"word": "bringen"
},
{
"word": "bringge"
},
{
"word": "bringue"
},
{
"word": "brinken"
},
{
"word": "bryng"
},
{
"word": "brynge"
},
{
"word": "bryngge"
},
{
"word": "bryngyn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Ormulum"
],
"word": "brinngenn"
}
],
"word": "bryngen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bryngen meaning in Middle English (7.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.