See avalen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "avale"
},
"expansion": "English: avale",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: avale"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "avaler"
},
"expansion": "Old French avaler",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "a-",
"3": "vale",
"4": "-en",
"id3": "infinitival",
"pos3": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "a- + vale + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French avaler, a univerbation of a val (“to the valley”). Equivalent to a- + vale + -en (infinitival suffix); compare valen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "avalen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to avalen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avale",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avale",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "avaled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "avalest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "avaledest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "avaleth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "avaled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "avale",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "avaled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "avale",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "avalen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "avale",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "avaleden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "avalede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "avaleth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "avale",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "avalynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "avalende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "avaled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yavaled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "availen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "avale",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "avayle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "awale",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "avalen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aval"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To (cause to) sink or drop."
],
"id": "en-avalen-enm-verb-ezMoCKRt",
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"sink",
"sink"
],
[
"drop",
"drop"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 31 1 10 2 1 3 2 20 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 26 1 17 1 1 2 1 28 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 50 9 7 12 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 26 14 12 21 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms prefixed with a-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 37 12 10 18 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 89 5 0 0 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 49 47 0 0 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Headwear",
"orig": "enm:Headwear",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To come or go downwards."
],
"id": "en-avalen-enm-verb-dgxjD36d",
"links": [
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"go",
"go"
],
[
"downwards",
"downwards"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 49 47 0 0 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Headwear",
"orig": "enm:Headwear",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To lower one's headgear in deference."
],
"id": "en-avalen-enm-verb-AZltQjNQ",
"links": [
[
"lower",
"lower"
],
[
"headgear",
"headgear"
],
[
"deference",
"deference"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To humble; to abase."
],
"id": "en-avalen-enm-verb-7o7TWwbF",
"links": [
[
"humble",
"humble"
],
[
"abase",
"abase"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) To humble; to abase."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To recede; to draw back."
],
"id": "en-avalen-enm-verb-NiIsm-x4",
"links": [
[
"recede",
"recede"
],
[
"draw",
"draw"
],
[
"back",
"back"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To recede; to draw back."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To droop; to hang down."
],
"id": "en-avalen-enm-verb-lMj2IF1O",
"links": [
[
"droop",
"droop"
],
[
"hang",
"hang"
],
[
"down",
"down"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To droop; to hang down."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aˈvaːlən/"
}
],
"word": "avalen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms prefixed with a-",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Headwear"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "avale"
},
"expansion": "English: avale",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: avale"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "avaler"
},
"expansion": "Old French avaler",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "a-",
"3": "vale",
"4": "-en",
"id3": "infinitival",
"pos3": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "a- + vale + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French avaler, a univerbation of a val (“to the valley”). Equivalent to a- + vale + -en (infinitival suffix); compare valen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "avalen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to avalen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avale",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avale",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "avaled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "avalest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "avaledest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "avaleth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "avaled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "avale",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "avaled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "avale",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "avalen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "avale",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "avaleden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "avalede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "avaleth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "avale",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "avalynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "avalende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "avaled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yavaled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "availen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "avale",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "avayle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "awale",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "avalen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aval"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To (cause to) sink or drop."
],
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"sink",
"sink"
],
[
"drop",
"drop"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To come or go downwards."
],
"links": [
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"go",
"go"
],
[
"downwards",
"downwards"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To lower one's headgear in deference."
],
"links": [
[
"lower",
"lower"
],
[
"headgear",
"headgear"
],
[
"deference",
"deference"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To humble; to abase."
],
"links": [
[
"humble",
"humble"
],
[
"abase",
"abase"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) To humble; to abase."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To recede; to draw back."
],
"links": [
[
"recede",
"recede"
],
[
"draw",
"draw"
],
[
"back",
"back"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To recede; to draw back."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To droop; to hang down."
],
"links": [
[
"droop",
"droop"
],
[
"hang",
"hang"
],
[
"down",
"down"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To droop; to hang down."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aˈvaːlən/"
}
],
"word": "avalen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for avalen meaning in Middle English (4.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.