See avalen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for avalen meaning in Middle English (5.6kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "avale"
},
"expansion": "English: avale",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: avale"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "avaler"
},
"expansion": "Old French avaler",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "a val",
"t": "to the valley"
},
"expansion": "a val (“to the valley”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "a-",
"3": "vale",
"4": "-en",
"id3": "infinitival",
"pos3": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "a- + vale + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "valen"
},
"expansion": "valen",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French avaler, a univerbation of a val (“to the valley”). Equivalent to a- + vale + -en (infinitival suffix); compare valen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "avalen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to avalen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avale",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avale",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "avaled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "avalest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "avaledest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "avaleth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "avaled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "avale",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "avaled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "avale",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "avalen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "avale",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "avaleden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "avalede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "avaleth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "avale",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "avalynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "avalende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "avaled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yavaled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "avalen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aval"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To (cause to) sink or drop."
],
"id": "en-avalen-enm-verb-ezMoCKRt",
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"sink",
"sink"
],
[
"drop",
"drop"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 70 5 4 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 66 5 4 8 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 69 5 4 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms prefixed with a-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 68 5 4 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 66 22 0 0 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To come or go downwards."
],
"id": "en-avalen-enm-verb-dgxjD36d",
"links": [
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"go",
"go"
],
[
"downwards",
"downwards"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 36 56 0 0 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Headwear",
"orig": "enm:Headwear",
"parents": [
"Clothing",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To lower one's headgear in deference."
],
"id": "en-avalen-enm-verb-AZltQjNQ",
"links": [
[
"lower",
"lower"
],
[
"headgear",
"headgear"
],
[
"deference",
"deference"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To humble; to abase."
],
"id": "en-avalen-enm-verb-7o7TWwbF",
"links": [
[
"humble",
"humble"
],
[
"abase",
"abase"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) To humble; to abase."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To recede; to draw back."
],
"id": "en-avalen-enm-verb-NiIsm-x4",
"links": [
[
"recede",
"recede"
],
[
"draw",
"draw"
],
[
"back",
"back"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To recede; to draw back."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To droop; to hang down."
],
"id": "en-avalen-enm-verb-lMj2IF1O",
"links": [
[
"droop",
"droop"
],
[
"hang",
"hang"
],
[
"down",
"down"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To droop; to hang down."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aˈvaːlən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "availen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "avale"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "avayle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "awale"
}
],
"word": "avalen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms prefixed with a-",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Headwear"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "avale"
},
"expansion": "English: avale",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: avale"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "avaler"
},
"expansion": "Old French avaler",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "a val",
"t": "to the valley"
},
"expansion": "a val (“to the valley”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "a-",
"3": "vale",
"4": "-en",
"id3": "infinitival",
"pos3": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "a- + vale + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "valen"
},
"expansion": "valen",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French avaler, a univerbation of a val (“to the valley”). Equivalent to a- + vale + -en (infinitival suffix); compare valen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "avalen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to avalen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avale",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avale",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "avaled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "avalest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "avaledest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "avaleth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "avaled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "avale",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "avaled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "avale",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "avalen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "avale",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "avaleden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "avalede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "avaleth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "avale",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "avalynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "avalende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "avaled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yavaled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "avalen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aval"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To (cause to) sink or drop."
],
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"sink",
"sink"
],
[
"drop",
"drop"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To come or go downwards."
],
"links": [
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"go",
"go"
],
[
"downwards",
"downwards"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To lower one's headgear in deference."
],
"links": [
[
"lower",
"lower"
],
[
"headgear",
"headgear"
],
[
"deference",
"deference"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To humble; to abase."
],
"links": [
[
"humble",
"humble"
],
[
"abase",
"abase"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) To humble; to abase."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To recede; to draw back."
],
"links": [
[
"recede",
"recede"
],
[
"draw",
"draw"
],
[
"back",
"back"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To recede; to draw back."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To droop; to hang down."
],
"links": [
[
"droop",
"droop"
],
[
"hang",
"hang"
],
[
"down",
"down"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To droop; to hang down."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aˈvaːlən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "availen"
},
{
"word": "avale"
},
{
"word": "avayle"
},
{
"word": "awale"
}
],
"word": "avalen"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.