See astoneyen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Mind",
"orig": "enm:Mind",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "astony"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "astonish"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tenh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "astoneyed",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from astoneyed",
"name": "back-formation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "a-",
"3": "estoné",
"lang2": "fro",
"nocat": "1",
"t2": "stunned"
},
"expansion": "a- + Old French estoné (“stunned”)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "*astoné",
"t": "stunned"
},
"expansion": "Old French *astoné (“stunned”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "a-",
"3": "stoneyen",
"t2": "to stun"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, a- + stoneyen (“to stun”)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A back-formation from astoneyed, from a- + Old French estoné (“stunned”), the past participle of estoner (“to stun”) + -ed (participial suffix) or from a Old French *astoné (“stunned”), the past participle of an unattested astoner (“to stun”) -ed (participial suffix).\nBy surface analysis, a- + stoneyen (“to stun”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "astoneyeth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyed",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to astoneyen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneye",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneye",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneye",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneye",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneye",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneye",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "astony",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "astoneyen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "astoney"
},
"expansion": "astoneyen (third-person singular simple present astoneyeth, present participle astoneyende, astoneyynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle astoneyed)",
"name": "enm-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "uncommon",
"3": "mostly",
"4": "Late ME"
},
"expansion": "(uncommon, chiefly Late Middle English)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stoney",
"inf2": "0",
"pf": "a"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "astonen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "stoneyen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "67 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Late Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English back-formations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms prefixed with a-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "enm:Violence",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To stun, daze; to subject to stupefaction."
],
"id": "en-astoneyen-enm-verb-8eKslQMM",
"links": [
[
"stun",
"stun"
],
[
"daze",
"daze"
],
[
"subject",
"subject"
],
[
"stupefaction",
"stupefaction"
]
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "enm:Violence",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To astonish or surprise."
],
"id": "en-astoneyen-enm-verb-qiJVecx3",
"links": [
[
"astonish",
"astonish"
],
[
"surprise",
"surprise"
]
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/astuˈnæi̯ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/aˈstuniən/"
}
],
"word": "astoneyen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Late Middle English",
"Middle English back-formations",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)tenh₂-",
"Middle English terms prefixed with a-",
"Middle English uncommon terms",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Mind",
"enm:Violence"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "astony"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "astonish"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tenh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "astoneyed",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from astoneyed",
"name": "back-formation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "a-",
"3": "estoné",
"lang2": "fro",
"nocat": "1",
"t2": "stunned"
},
"expansion": "a- + Old French estoné (“stunned”)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "*astoné",
"t": "stunned"
},
"expansion": "Old French *astoné (“stunned”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "a-",
"3": "stoneyen",
"t2": "to stun"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, a- + stoneyen (“to stun”)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A back-formation from astoneyed, from a- + Old French estoné (“stunned”), the past participle of estoner (“to stun”) + -ed (participial suffix) or from a Old French *astoné (“stunned”), the past participle of an unattested astoner (“to stun”) -ed (participial suffix).\nBy surface analysis, a- + stoneyen (“to stun”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "astoneyeth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyed",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to astoneyen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneye",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneye",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneye",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneye",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneye",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneye",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "astoneyed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "astony",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "astoneyen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "astoney"
},
"expansion": "astoneyen (third-person singular simple present astoneyeth, present participle astoneyende, astoneyynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle astoneyed)",
"name": "enm-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "uncommon",
"3": "mostly",
"4": "Late ME"
},
"expansion": "(uncommon, chiefly Late Middle English)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stoney",
"inf2": "0",
"pf": "a"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "astonen"
},
{
"word": "stoneyen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To stun, daze; to subject to stupefaction."
],
"links": [
[
"stun",
"stun"
],
[
"daze",
"daze"
],
[
"subject",
"subject"
],
[
"stupefaction",
"stupefaction"
]
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To astonish or surprise."
],
"links": [
[
"astonish",
"astonish"
],
[
"surprise",
"surprise"
]
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/astuˈnæi̯ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/aˈstuniən/"
}
],
"word": "astoneyen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for astoneyen meaning in Middle English (5.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.