See alien in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "alien"
},
"expansion": "English: alien",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: alien"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "alien",
"3": "awlien"
},
"expansion": "Scots: alien, awlien",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: alien, awlien"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "alien"
},
"expansion": "Old French alien",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "aliēnus"
},
"expansion": "Latin aliēnus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French alien, aliene, from Latin aliēnus. Some forms (chiefly nominal) show assimilation to the suffix -ant.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "aliens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "alien",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aliens"
},
"expansion": "alien (plural aliens)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "alienacioun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "alienat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "alienen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "alienyng"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 1 0 3 1 6 10 1 1 2 6 1 6 6 1 16 6 0 2 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 14 4 10 10 4 30 9 1 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 9 9 4 9 6 27 12 3 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "enm:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 0 18 0 7 22 26 16 0 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 9 11 5 8 7 22 12 6 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Property law",
"orig": "enm:Property law",
"parents": [
"Law",
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "But they don't follow a stranger; they'll flee from them instead, because they don't recognise strangers' voices.",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 10:5, page 49v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "But þei ſuen not an alien · but fleen from hym .· foꝛ þei han not knowen þe vois of aliens",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An outsider or foreign person, especially if resident in one's nation."
],
"id": "en-alien-enm-noun-EgRqtHqr",
"links": [
[
"outsider",
"outsider"
],
[
"foreign",
"foreign"
],
[
"resident",
"resident"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 0 15 0 5 18 23 32 0 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Family",
"orig": "enm:Family",
"parents": [
"People",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 0 18 0 7 22 26 16 0 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 39 0 12 0 0 0 50 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One who is alien in some other way (e.g. religion, family)"
],
"id": "en-alien-enm-noun-ygdCUSUC",
"links": [
[
"religion",
"religion#English"
],
[
"family",
"family#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"An unlawful occupier or possessor of land."
],
"id": "en-alien-enm-noun-w7fI9ZXr",
"links": [
[
"occupier",
"occupier"
],
[
"possessor",
"possessor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) An unlawful occupier or possessor of land."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aːliˈɛːn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliɛn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliant/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliau̯nt/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "alyon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "alean"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "alyen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "aliand"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "aliaund"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "aliant"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "alyant"
}
],
"word": "alien"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "alien"
},
"expansion": "English: alien",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: alien"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "alien",
"3": "awlien"
},
"expansion": "Scots: alien, awlien",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: alien, awlien"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "alien"
},
"expansion": "Old French alien",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "aliēnus"
},
"expansion": "Latin aliēnus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French alien, aliene, from Latin aliēnus. Some forms (chiefly nominal) show assimilation to the suffix -ant.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "aliene",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aliene",
"tags": [
"singular",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "plural and weak singular",
"4": "aliene",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "alien (plural and weak singular aliene)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aliene"
},
"expansion": "alien (plural and weak singular aliene)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Outside, alien, foreign; from or relating to another nation."
],
"id": "en-alien-enm-adj-RWOju7-u",
"links": [
[
"Outside",
"outside"
],
[
"alien",
"alien#English"
],
[
"foreign",
"foreign"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Religiously outside; heretical, erring; of false religion or morals."
],
"id": "en-alien-enm-adj-63ybSvIo",
"links": [
[
"heretical",
"heretical"
],
[
"erring",
"erring"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 0 18 0 7 22 26 16 0 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Distant, isolated, secure, away (from something)"
],
"id": "en-alien-enm-adj-gMfaJxol",
"links": [
[
"isolated",
"isolated"
],
[
"away",
"away"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Under the authority of other nation's religious institutions."
],
"id": "en-alien-enm-adj-pRLpEH4H",
"links": [
[
"authority",
"authority"
],
[
"religious",
"religious"
],
[
"institutions",
"institutions"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Under the authority of other nation's religious institutions."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Not relating to or of oneself; not natural (to one's body)."
],
"id": "en-alien-enm-adj--804UZNb",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Not relating to or of oneself; not natural (to one's body)."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 0 18 0 7 22 26 16 0 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Bizarre, weird, exotic."
],
"id": "en-alien-enm-adj-oHRdtM~0",
"links": [
[
"weird",
"weird"
],
[
"exotic",
"exotic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Bizarre, weird, exotic."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aːliˈɛːn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliɛn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliant/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliau̯nt/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "alyon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "alean"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "alyen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "aliand"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "aliaund"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "aliant"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "alyant"
}
],
"word": "alien"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "alier"
},
"expansion": "Old French alier",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French alier.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "alien",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "allien"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of allien"
],
"id": "en-alien-enm-verb-7s~iomwA",
"links": [
[
"allien",
"allien#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "alien"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Family",
"enm:Law",
"enm:People",
"enm:Property law",
"enm:Religion"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "alien"
},
"expansion": "English: alien",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: alien"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "alien",
"3": "awlien"
},
"expansion": "Scots: alien, awlien",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: alien, awlien"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "alien"
},
"expansion": "Old French alien",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "aliēnus"
},
"expansion": "Latin aliēnus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French alien, aliene, from Latin aliēnus. Some forms (chiefly nominal) show assimilation to the suffix -ant.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "aliens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "alien",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aliens"
},
"expansion": "alien (plural aliens)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "alienacioun"
},
{
"word": "alienat"
},
{
"word": "alienen"
},
{
"word": "alienyng"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "But they don't follow a stranger; they'll flee from them instead, because they don't recognise strangers' voices.",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 10:5, page 49v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "But þei ſuen not an alien · but fleen from hym .· foꝛ þei han not knowen þe vois of aliens",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An outsider or foreign person, especially if resident in one's nation."
],
"links": [
[
"outsider",
"outsider"
],
[
"foreign",
"foreign"
],
[
"resident",
"resident"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"One who is alien in some other way (e.g. religion, family)"
],
"links": [
[
"religion",
"religion#English"
],
[
"family",
"family#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"An unlawful occupier or possessor of land."
],
"links": [
[
"occupier",
"occupier"
],
[
"possessor",
"possessor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) An unlawful occupier or possessor of land."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aːliˈɛːn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliɛn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliant/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliau̯nt/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "alyon"
},
{
"word": "alean"
},
{
"word": "alyen"
},
{
"word": "aliand"
},
{
"word": "aliaund"
},
{
"word": "aliant"
},
{
"word": "alyant"
}
],
"word": "alien"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Family",
"enm:Law",
"enm:People",
"enm:Property law",
"enm:Religion"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "alien"
},
"expansion": "English: alien",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: alien"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "alien",
"3": "awlien"
},
"expansion": "Scots: alien, awlien",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: alien, awlien"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "alien"
},
"expansion": "Old French alien",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "aliēnus"
},
"expansion": "Latin aliēnus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French alien, aliene, from Latin aliēnus. Some forms (chiefly nominal) show assimilation to the suffix -ant.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "aliene",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aliene",
"tags": [
"singular",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "plural and weak singular",
"4": "aliene",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "alien (plural and weak singular aliene)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aliene"
},
"expansion": "alien (plural and weak singular aliene)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Outside, alien, foreign; from or relating to another nation."
],
"links": [
[
"Outside",
"outside"
],
[
"alien",
"alien#English"
],
[
"foreign",
"foreign"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Religiously outside; heretical, erring; of false religion or morals."
],
"links": [
[
"heretical",
"heretical"
],
[
"erring",
"erring"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Distant, isolated, secure, away (from something)"
],
"links": [
[
"isolated",
"isolated"
],
[
"away",
"away"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Under the authority of other nation's religious institutions."
],
"links": [
[
"authority",
"authority"
],
[
"religious",
"religious"
],
[
"institutions",
"institutions"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Under the authority of other nation's religious institutions."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Not relating to or of oneself; not natural (to one's body)."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Not relating to or of oneself; not natural (to one's body)."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Bizarre, weird, exotic."
],
"links": [
[
"weird",
"weird"
],
[
"exotic",
"exotic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Bizarre, weird, exotic."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aːliˈɛːn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliɛn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliant/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliau̯nt/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "alyon"
},
{
"word": "alean"
},
{
"word": "alyen"
},
{
"word": "aliand"
},
{
"word": "aliaund"
},
{
"word": "aliant"
},
{
"word": "alyant"
}
],
"word": "alien"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Family",
"enm:Law",
"enm:People",
"enm:Property law",
"enm:Religion"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "alier"
},
"expansion": "Old French alier",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French alier.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "alien",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "allien"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of allien"
],
"links": [
[
"allien",
"allien#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "alien"
}
Download raw JSONL data for alien meaning in Middle English (7.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.