See -th in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-th",
"3": "-t",
"qq": "conflated with <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"enm\">-the</i> < <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*-iþō</i>"
},
"expansion": "English: -th, -t (conflated with -the < *-iþō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -th, -t (conflated with -the < *-iþō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-th",
"3": "-t",
"qq": "conflated with <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"enm\">-the</i> < <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*-iþō</i>"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -th, -t (conflated with -the < *-iþō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -th, -t (conflated with -the < *-iþō)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-þ",
"id": "u-stem"
},
"expansion": "Old English -þ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-þu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-þu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-þuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-þuz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-tus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-þ",
"id": "i-stem"
},
"expansion": "Old English -þ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-þi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-þi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-þiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-þiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-tis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tis",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally two distinct suffixes:\n* Old English -þ, from Proto-West Germanic *-þu, from Proto-Germanic *-þuz, from Proto-Indo-European *-tus.\n* Old English -þ, from Proto-West Germanic *-þi, from Proto-Germanic *-þiz, from Proto-Indo-European *-tis.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-th",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 16 19 19 6 14 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 14 19 19 3 13 21 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 9 22 22 2 13 24 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms abstract nouns denoting a state or attribute, usually from adjectives but occasionally from verbs; -th, -ness"
],
"id": "en--th-enm-suffix-vBFz9FtB",
"links": [
[
"-th",
"-th#English"
],
[
"-ness",
"-ness#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "non-productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(non-productive) Forms abstract nouns denoting a state or attribute, usually from adjectives but occasionally from verbs; -th, -ness"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-d"
},
{
"word": "-þ"
},
{
"word": "-þe"
},
{
"word": "-t"
},
{
"english": "following fricatives",
"word": "-te"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-θ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-d/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-t/"
}
],
"word": "-th"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-th",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "abstract nominal suffix",
"word": "-the"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -the (abstract nominal suffix)"
],
"id": "en--th-enm-suffix-3Bjujv-N",
"links": [
[
"-the",
"-the#Middle_English:_abstract_nominal"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-th"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-th",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "ordinal suffix",
"word": "-the"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -the (ordinal suffix)"
],
"id": "en--th-enm-suffix-6j6vt0iL",
"links": [
[
"-the",
"-the#Middle_English:_ordinal"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-th"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English noun-forming suffixes",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-th",
"3": "-t",
"qq": "conflated with <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"enm\">-the</i> < <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*-iþō</i>"
},
"expansion": "English: -th, -t (conflated with -the < *-iþō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -th, -t (conflated with -the < *-iþō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-th",
"3": "-t",
"qq": "conflated with <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"enm\">-the</i> < <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*-iþō</i>"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -th, -t (conflated with -the < *-iþō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -th, -t (conflated with -the < *-iþō)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-þ",
"id": "u-stem"
},
"expansion": "Old English -þ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-þu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-þu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-þuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-þuz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-tus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-þ",
"id": "i-stem"
},
"expansion": "Old English -þ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-þi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-þi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-þiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-þiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-tis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tis",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally two distinct suffixes:\n* Old English -þ, from Proto-West Germanic *-þu, from Proto-Germanic *-þuz, from Proto-Indo-European *-tus.\n* Old English -þ, from Proto-West Germanic *-þi, from Proto-Germanic *-þiz, from Proto-Indo-European *-tis.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-th",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms abstract nouns denoting a state or attribute, usually from adjectives but occasionally from verbs; -th, -ness"
],
"links": [
[
"-th",
"-th#English"
],
[
"-ness",
"-ness#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "non-productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(non-productive) Forms abstract nouns denoting a state or attribute, usually from adjectives but occasionally from verbs; -th, -ness"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-θ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-d/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-t/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-d"
},
{
"word": "-þ"
},
{
"word": "-þe"
},
{
"word": "-t"
},
{
"english": "following fricatives",
"word": "-te"
}
],
"word": "-th"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English noun-forming suffixes",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-th",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "abstract nominal suffix",
"word": "-the"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -the (abstract nominal suffix)"
],
"links": [
[
"-the",
"-the#Middle_English:_abstract_nominal"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-th"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English noun-forming suffixes",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-th",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "ordinal suffix",
"word": "-the"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -the (ordinal suffix)"
],
"links": [
[
"-the",
"-the#Middle_English:_ordinal"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-th"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -th meaning in Middle English (4.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.