bruken in Middle Dutch

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Etymology: From Old Dutch *brūkan, from Proto-West Germanic *brūkan. Etymology templates: {{dercat|dum|gem-pro|inh=1}}, {{inh|dum|odt|*brūkan}} Old Dutch *brūkan, {{inh|dum|gmw-pro|*brūkan}} Proto-West Germanic *brūkan Head templates: {{head|dum|verb|head=|head2=}} bruken, {{dum-verb}} bruken Inflection templates: {{dum-conj-wk|bruk}} Forms: weak [table-tags], bruken [infinitive], brukens [genitive, infinitive], brukene [dative, infinitive], bruke [first-person, present, singular], - [first-person, past, singular], bruucs [present, second-person, singular], brukes [present, second-person, singular], - [past, second-person, singular], bruuct [present, singular, third-person], bruket [present, singular, third-person], - [past, singular, third-person], bruken [first-person, plural, present], - [first-person, past, plural], bruuct [plural, present, second-person], bruket [plural, present, second-person], - [past, plural, second-person], bruken [plural, present, third-person], - [past, plural, third-person], bruke [present, singular, third-person], bruuc [present, singular], bruke [present, singular], bruuct [plural, present], bruket [plural, present], brukende [participle, present], - [participle, past]

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{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "gebruken"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "misbruken"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ontbruken"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "bruiken"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: bruiken",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "archaic"
          },
          "expansion": "(archaic)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: bruiken (archaic)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "li",
            "2": "broeke"
          },
          "expansion": "Limburgish: broeke",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Limburgish: broeke"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*brūkan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *brūkan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*brūkan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *brūkan",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *brūkan, from Proto-West Germanic *brūkan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dum-conj-wk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brukens",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brukene",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruucs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brukes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruuct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruket",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruuct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruket",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruuc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruuct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruket",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brukende",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": "",
        "head2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "bruken",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "bruken",
      "name": "dum-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bruk"
      },
      "name": "dum-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Dutch",
  "lang_code": "dum",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "33 25 26 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to use"
      ],
      "id": "en-bruken-dum-verb-1sSLc2ib",
      "links": [
        [
          "use",
          "use"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to enjoy (the use/benefit of)"
      ],
      "id": "en-bruken-dum-verb-iUpWnz6E",
      "links": [
        [
          "enjoy",
          "enjoy"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to lease (of land)"
      ],
      "id": "en-bruken-dum-verb-GPzbUxcf",
      "links": [
        [
          "lease",
          "lease"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to sell (of small things)"
      ],
      "id": "en-bruken-dum-verb-DmPVeQbO",
      "links": [
        [
          "sell",
          "sell"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "bruken"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle Dutch lemmas",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch verbs",
    "Middle Dutch weak verbs"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "gebruken"
    },
    {
      "word": "misbruken"
    },
    {
      "word": "ontbruken"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "bruiken"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: bruiken",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "archaic"
          },
          "expansion": "(archaic)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: bruiken (archaic)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "li",
            "2": "broeke"
          },
          "expansion": "Limburgish: broeke",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Limburgish: broeke"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*brūkan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *brūkan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*brūkan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *brūkan",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *brūkan, from Proto-West Germanic *brūkan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dum-conj-wk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brukens",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brukene",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruucs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brukes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruuct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruket",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruuct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruket",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruuc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruuct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bruket",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brukende",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": "",
        "head2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "bruken",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "bruken",
      "name": "dum-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bruk"
      },
      "name": "dum-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Dutch",
  "lang_code": "dum",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to use"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "use",
          "use"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to enjoy (the use/benefit of)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "enjoy",
          "enjoy"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to lease (of land)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lease",
          "lease"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to sell (of small things)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sell",
          "sell"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "bruken"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"bruken" meaning in Middle Dutch

Verb