See surat in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "poz-mly-pro:*surat<ety:inh<poz-pro:*suʀat<t:to carve, to incise><ref:Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) loan “write”, in the CLDF dataset from <cite>The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary</cite> (2010–), →DOI><unc>>>",
"id": "document",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat?\nProto-Malayic *surat\nMalay surat",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-mly-pro",
"3": "*surat",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayic *surat",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-mly-pro",
"3": "*surat"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Malayic *surat",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Adelaar, K. A. (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1992), <cite>Proto-Malayic: The reconstruction of its phonology and parts of its lexicon and morphology</cite>, Canberra: The Australian National University, page 41</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*suʀat",
"t": "to carve, to incise"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat (“to carve, to incise”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) loan “write”, in the CLDF dataset from <cite>The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary</cite> (2010–), →DOI"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "min",
"2": "surek"
},
"expansion": "Minangkabau surek",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "سُورَة",
"3": "",
"4": "chapter of the Qur'an"
},
"expansion": "Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat?\nProto-Malayic *surat\nMalay surat\nInherited from Proto-Malayic *surat, possibly from (West) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat (“to carve, to incise”), unrelated to Proto-Western Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat (“wound”). Compare Minangkabau surek. See also Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "سورت",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "surat-surat",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surat²",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "سورت"
},
"expansion": "surat (Jawi spelling سورت, plural surat-surat or surat²)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"su",
"rat"
]
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 17 27 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 8 12 37 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 19 34 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"document (original or official paper)"
],
"id": "en-surat-ms-noun-9aaNYRQw",
"links": [
[
"document",
"document"
],
[
"original",
"original#English"
],
[
"official",
"official#English"
],
[
"paper",
"paper#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dokumen"
},
{
"word": "sahifah"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 19 34 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"letter (written message)"
],
"id": "en-surat-ms-noun-JbLk0dW0",
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"written",
"written#English"
],
[
"message",
"message#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "surat kiriman"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 8 12 37 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 19 34 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"writing"
],
"id": "en-surat-ms-noun-7ocRBeh1",
"links": [
[
"writing",
"writing"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tulisan"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsurat/",
"note": "Baku, schwa-variety"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsu.rat̪̚]",
"note": "Baku, schwa-variety"
},
{
"rhymes": "-urat"
},
{
"rhymes": "-rat"
},
{
"rhymes": "-at"
}
],
"word": "surat"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tetum",
"lang_code": "tet",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "surat"
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"inherited"
],
"word": "surat"
},
{
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"lang_code": "bcl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "surat"
},
{
"lang": "Cebuano",
"lang_code": "ceb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sulat"
},
{
"lang": "Hanunoo",
"lang_code": "hnn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "surat"
},
{
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"lang_code": "pam",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sulat"
},
{
"lang": "Malagasy",
"lang_code": "mg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "soratra"
},
{
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sulat"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sahu",
"lang_code": "saj",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "surata"
}
],
"lang": "Ternate",
"lang_code": "tft",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "surat"
},
{
"lang": "Tausug",
"lang_code": "tsg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sulat"
},
{
"lang": "Yakan",
"lang_code": "yka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sulat"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "poz-mly-pro:*surat<ety:inh<poz-pro:*suʀat<t:to carve, to incise><ref:Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) loan “write”, in the CLDF dataset from <cite>The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary</cite> (2010–), →DOI><unc>>>",
"id": "document",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat?\nProto-Malayic *surat\nMalay surat",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-mly-pro",
"3": "*surat",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayic *surat",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-mly-pro",
"3": "*surat"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Malayic *surat",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Adelaar, K. A. (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1992), <cite>Proto-Malayic: The reconstruction of its phonology and parts of its lexicon and morphology</cite>, Canberra: The Australian National University, page 41</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*suʀat",
"t": "to carve, to incise"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat (“to carve, to incise”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) loan “write”, in the CLDF dataset from <cite>The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary</cite> (2010–), →DOI"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "min",
"2": "surek"
},
"expansion": "Minangkabau surek",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "سُورَة",
"3": "",
"4": "chapter of the Qur'an"
},
"expansion": "Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat?\nProto-Malayic *surat\nMalay surat\nInherited from Proto-Malayic *surat, possibly from (West) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat (“to carve, to incise”), unrelated to Proto-Western Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat (“wound”). Compare Minangkabau surek. See also Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "سورت",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"j": "سورت"
},
"expansion": "surat (Jawi spelling سورت)",
"name": "ms-verb form"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"su",
"rat"
]
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 19 34 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "bersurat"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "jurusurat"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "menyurati"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "menyuratkan"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "persuratan"
},
{
"english": "to write letter between one another",
"sense": "Affixations",
"translation": "to write letter between one another",
"word": "surat-menyurat"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "suratan"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "tersurat"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "peti surat"
},
{
"english": "envelope",
"sense": "Compounds",
"translation": "envelope",
"word": "sampul surat"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "sampul surat"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "sarung surat"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"of declaration"
],
"sense": "Compounds",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "surat akuan"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat anggota"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat anonim"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat azimat"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat bahari"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat belasungkawa"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat beranak"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat jadi"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat lahir"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat berdaftar"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat berhenti"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat buta"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat gelap"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat kaling"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat mentega"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat cap"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat cara"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat cerai"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat talak"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat daftar"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat dakwa"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat doktor"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat edaran"
},
{
"english": "circular",
"sense": "Compounds",
"translation": "circular",
"word": "surat keliling"
},
{
"english": "circular",
"sense": "Compounds",
"translation": "circular",
"word": "surat pekeliling"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat gadai"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat hasrat"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat hutang"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat ikatan"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat insurans"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat iringan"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat izin"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat kebenaran"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat jaminan"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat jemputan"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat undangan"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat kahwin"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat nikah"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat kawat"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat kenalan"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat keterangan"
},
{
"english": "newspaper",
"sense": "Compounds",
"translation": "newspaper",
"word": "surat khabar"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat kiriman"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat kredit"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat kuasa"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat layang"
},
{
"english": "anonymous letter",
"sense": "Compounds",
"translation": "anonymous letter",
"word": "surat terbang"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat lepas"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat mati"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat nujum"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat pas"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat pelekat"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat pemberitahuan"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat pemilih"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat perintah"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat perjanjian"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat permintaan"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat permohonan"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat pujian"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat puji-pujian"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat rantai"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat berantai"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat rayuan"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat salinan"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat saman"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat sita"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat sebaran"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat selebaran"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "surat sembah"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat sumpah"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat syer"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat tanda"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat terbuka"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat tercatat"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat titah"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat tuduhan"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat tukar nama"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat ugutan"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat undi"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat undian"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat wakil"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat wasiat"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bare form of menyurat (“to write”)"
],
"id": "en-surat-ms-verb-cPeGnF2D",
"links": [
[
"menyurat",
"menyurat#Malay"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsurat/",
"note": "Baku, schwa-variety"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsu.rat̪̚]",
"note": "Baku, schwa-variety"
},
{
"rhymes": "-urat"
},
{
"rhymes": "-rat"
},
{
"rhymes": "-at"
}
],
"word": "surat"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "ar",
"3": "س و ر"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "ar",
"3": "سُورَة",
"t": "chapter of the Qur'an"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "surat-surat",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surat²",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "surat (plural surat-surat or surat²)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"su",
"rat"
]
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "sura; any chapter of the Quran",
"word": "surah"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 8 12 37 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"archaic form of surah (“sura; any chapter of the Quran”)"
],
"id": "en-surat-ms-noun-yniD9vaa",
"links": [
[
"surah",
"surah#Malay"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsurat/",
"note": "Baku, schwa-variety"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsu.rat̪̚]",
"note": "Baku, schwa-variety"
},
{
"rhymes": "-urat"
},
{
"rhymes": "-rat"
},
{
"rhymes": "-at"
}
],
"word": "surat"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay 2-syllable words",
"Malay entries with etymology trees",
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay non-lemma forms",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay terms borrowed from Arabic",
"Malay terms derived from Arabic",
"Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayic",
"Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Malay terms derived from the Arabic root س و ر",
"Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayic",
"Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Malay terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Malay verb forms",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"Rhymes:Malay/at",
"Rhymes:Malay/rat",
"Rhymes:Malay/urat"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "poz-mly-pro:*surat<ety:inh<poz-pro:*suʀat<t:to carve, to incise><ref:Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) loan “write”, in the CLDF dataset from <cite>The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary</cite> (2010–), →DOI><unc>>>",
"id": "document",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat?\nProto-Malayic *surat\nMalay surat",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
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},
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},
{
"args": {
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},
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{
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"5": "",
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"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayic *surat",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Adelaar, K. A. (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1992), <cite>Proto-Malayic: The reconstruction of its phonology and parts of its lexicon and morphology</cite>, Canberra: The Australian National University, page 41</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"expansion": "",
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},
{
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{
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"3": "",
"4": "chapter of the Qur'an"
},
"expansion": "Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat?\nProto-Malayic *surat\nMalay surat\nInherited from Proto-Malayic *surat, possibly from (West) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat (“to carve, to incise”), unrelated to Proto-Western Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat (“wound”). Compare Minangkabau surek. See also Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "سورت",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "surat-surat",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surat²",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "surat (Jawi spelling سورت, plural surat-surat or surat²)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"su",
"rat"
]
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"document (original or official paper)"
],
"links": [
[
"document",
"document"
],
[
"original",
"original#English"
],
[
"official",
"official#English"
],
[
"paper",
"paper#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dokumen"
},
{
"word": "sahifah"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"letter (written message)"
],
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"written",
"written#English"
],
[
"message",
"message#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "surat kiriman"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"writing"
],
"links": [
[
"writing",
"writing"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tulisan"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsurat/",
"note": "Baku, schwa-variety"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsu.rat̪̚]",
"note": "Baku, schwa-variety"
},
{
"rhymes": "-urat"
},
{
"rhymes": "-rat"
},
{
"rhymes": "-at"
}
],
"word": "surat"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay 2-syllable words",
"Malay entries with etymology trees",
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay non-lemma forms",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay terms borrowed from Arabic",
"Malay terms derived from Arabic",
"Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayic",
"Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Malay terms derived from the Arabic root س و ر",
"Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayic",
"Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Malay terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Malay verb forms",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"Rhymes:Malay/at",
"Rhymes:Malay/rat",
"Rhymes:Malay/urat"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "bersurat"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "jurusurat"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "menyurati"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "menyuratkan"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "persuratan"
},
{
"english": "to write letter between one another",
"sense": "Affixations",
"translation": "to write letter between one another",
"word": "surat-menyurat"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "suratan"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "tersurat"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "peti surat"
},
{
"english": "envelope",
"sense": "Compounds",
"translation": "envelope",
"word": "sampul surat"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "sampul surat"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "sarung surat"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"of declaration"
],
"sense": "Compounds",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "surat akuan"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat anggota"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat anonim"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat azimat"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat bahari"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat belasungkawa"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat beranak"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat jadi"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat lahir"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat berdaftar"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat berhenti"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat buta"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat gelap"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat kaling"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat mentega"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat cap"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat cara"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat cerai"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat talak"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat daftar"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat dakwa"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat doktor"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat edaran"
},
{
"english": "circular",
"sense": "Compounds",
"translation": "circular",
"word": "surat keliling"
},
{
"english": "circular",
"sense": "Compounds",
"translation": "circular",
"word": "surat pekeliling"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat gadai"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat hasrat"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat hutang"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat ikatan"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat insurans"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat iringan"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat izin"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat kebenaran"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat jaminan"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat jemputan"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat undangan"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat kahwin"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat nikah"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat kawat"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat kenalan"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat keterangan"
},
{
"english": "newspaper",
"sense": "Compounds",
"translation": "newspaper",
"word": "surat khabar"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat kiriman"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat kredit"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat kuasa"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat layang"
},
{
"english": "anonymous letter",
"sense": "Compounds",
"translation": "anonymous letter",
"word": "surat terbang"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat lepas"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat mati"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat nujum"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat pas"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat pelekat"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat pemberitahuan"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat pemilih"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat perintah"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat perjanjian"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat permintaan"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat permohonan"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat pujian"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat puji-pujian"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat rantai"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat berantai"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat rayuan"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat salinan"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat saman"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat sita"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat sebaran"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat selebaran"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "surat sembah"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat sumpah"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat syer"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat tanda"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat terbuka"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat tercatat"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat titah"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat tuduhan"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat tukar nama"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat ugutan"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat undi"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat undian"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat wakil"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "surat wasiat"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tetum",
"lang_code": "tet",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "surat"
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
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"inherited"
],
"word": "surat"
},
{
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"lang_code": "bcl",
"raw_tags": [
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],
"word": "surat"
},
{
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"lang_code": "ceb",
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],
"word": "sulat"
},
{
"lang": "Hanunoo",
"lang_code": "hnn",
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],
"word": "surat"
},
{
"lang": "Kapampangan",
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],
"word": "sulat"
},
{
"lang": "Malagasy",
"lang_code": "mg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "soratra"
},
{
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sulat"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
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"lang_code": "saj",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "surata"
}
],
"lang": "Ternate",
"lang_code": "tft",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "surat"
},
{
"lang": "Tausug",
"lang_code": "tsg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sulat"
},
{
"lang": "Yakan",
"lang_code": "yka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sulat"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
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{
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{
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"g": "",
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"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayic *surat",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "*surat"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Malayic *surat",
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},
{
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},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
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},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
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},
"expansion": "Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat?\nProto-Malayic *surat\nMalay surat\nInherited from Proto-Malayic *surat, possibly from (West) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat (“to carve, to incise”), unrelated to Proto-Western Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat (“wound”). Compare Minangkabau surek. See also Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "سورت",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
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},
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}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
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"rat"
]
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bare form of menyurat (“to write”)"
],
"links": [
[
"menyurat",
"menyurat#Malay"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsurat/",
"note": "Baku, schwa-variety"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsu.rat̪̚]",
"note": "Baku, schwa-variety"
},
{
"rhymes": "-urat"
},
{
"rhymes": "-rat"
},
{
"rhymes": "-at"
}
],
"word": "surat"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay 2-syllable words",
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay terms borrowed from Arabic",
"Malay terms derived from Arabic",
"Malay terms derived from the Arabic root س و ر",
"Malay terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Malay/at",
"Rhymes:Malay/rat",
"Rhymes:Malay/urat"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
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"2": "ar",
"3": "س و ر"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "ar",
"3": "سُورَة",
"t": "chapter of the Qur'an"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "surat-surat",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surat²",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "surat (plural surat-surat or surat²)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
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"parts": [
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"rat"
]
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "sura; any chapter of the Quran",
"word": "surah"
}
],
"categories": [
"Malay archaic forms"
],
"glosses": [
"archaic form of surah (“sura; any chapter of the Quran”)"
],
"links": [
[
"surah",
"surah#Malay"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsurat/",
"note": "Baku, schwa-variety"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsu.rat̪̚]",
"note": "Baku, schwa-variety"
},
{
"rhymes": "-urat"
},
{
"rhymes": "-rat"
},
{
"rhymes": "-at"
}
],
"word": "surat"
}
Download raw JSONL data for surat meaning in Malay (15.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Malay dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-14 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-02-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 59dc20b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.