"чука" meaning in Macedonian

See чука in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [ˈt͡ʃuka]
Rhymes: -uka Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čuka. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|mk|sla-pro|*čuka|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *čuka, {{inh+|mk|sla-pro|*čuka}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čuka Head templates: {{mk-noun|f|чуки}} чука • (čuka) f (plural чуки) Inflection templates: {{mk-decl-noun-f|чук}}, {{mk-decl-noun-table|col_pl=|col_pl2=|col_sg=чукје|col_sg2=|def_dist_pl=чукине|def_dist_sg=чукана|def_prox_pl=чукиве|def_prox_sg=чукава|def_unsp_pl=чуките|def_unsp_sg=чуката|ind_pl=чуки|ind_sg=чука|n=|voc_pl=чуки|voc_sg=чуко}} Forms: čuka [romanization], чуки [plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], чука [indefinite, singular], чуки [indefinite, plural], чуката [definite, singular, unspecified], чуките [definite, plural, unspecified], чукава [definite, proximal, singular], чукиве [definite, plural, proximal], чукана [definite, distal, singular], чукине [definite, distal, plural], чуко [singular, vocative], чуки [plural, vocative]
  1. rocky peak
    Sense id: en-чука-mk-noun-9Vd-nEAM Categories (other): Macedonian entries with incorrect language header, Macedonian verbs in -а Disambiguation of Macedonian entries with incorrect language header: 21 36 44 Disambiguation of Macedonian verbs in -а: 12 41 46
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Verb

IPA: [ˈt͡ʃuka]
Rhymes: -uka Head templates: {{mk-verb|impf|pf=чукне}} чука • (čuka) third-singular present, impf (perfective чукне) Forms: čuka [romanization], чукне [perfective], no-table-tags [table-tags], чукал [imperfect, masculine], - [aorist, masculine], чукан [adjectival, aorist, participle], чукала [feminine, imperfect], - [aorist, feminine], чукајќи [adverbial, aorist, participle], чукало [imperfect, neuter], - [aorist, neuter], чукање [aorist, noun-from-verb], чукале [imperfect, plural], - [aorist, plural], чукано [aorist, participle, perfect], чукам [first-person, present, singular], чукав [first-person, imperfect, singular], - [aorist, first-person, singular], - [aorist, first-person, imperative, singular], чукаш [present, second-person, singular], чукаше [imperfect, second-person, singular], - [aorist, second-person, singular], чукај [aorist, imperative, second-person, singular], чука [present, singular, third-person], чукаше [imperfect, singular, third-person], - [aorist, singular, third-person], - [aorist, imperative, singular, third-person], чукаме [first-person, plural, present], чукавме [first-person, imperfect, plural], - [aorist, first-person, plural], - [aorist, first-person, imperative, plural], чукате [plural, present, second-person], чукавте [imperfect, plural, second-person], - [aorist, plural, second-person], чукајте [aorist, imperative, plural, second-person], чукаат [plural, present, third-person], чукаа [imperfect, plural, third-person], - [aorist, plural, third-person], - [aorist, imperative, plural, third-person], сум чукал [imperfect, multiword-construction, perfect, present], present of сум (except in the 3ʳᵈ person) + [aorist, multiword-construction, perfect], present of сум (except in the 3ʳᵈ person) + [imperative, multiword-construction, perfect], imperfect l-participle [aorist, multiword-construction, perfect], imperfect l-participle [imperative, multiword-construction, perfect], имам чукано [imperfect, multiword-construction, perfect, present, има], present of има + perfect participle [aorist, multiword-construction, perfect, има], present of има + perfect participle [imperative, multiword-construction, perfect, има], бев чукал [imperfect, multiword-construction, pluperfect, present], imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle [aorist, multiword-construction, pluperfect], imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle [imperative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], имав чукано [imperfect, multiword-construction, pluperfect, present, има], imperfect of има + perfect participle [aorist, multiword-construction, pluperfect, има], imperfect of има + perfect participle [imperative, multiword-construction, pluperfect, има], сум имал чукано [imperfect, multiword-construction, perfect, present, reported, има], perfect of има + perfect participle [aorist, multiword-construction, perfect, reported, има], perfect of има + perfect participle [multiword-construction, perfect, reported, има], ќе чукам [future, imperfect, multiword-construction, present], ќе + present [aorist, future, multiword-construction], ќе + present [future, imperative, multiword-construction], ќе имам чукано [future, imperfect, multiword-construction, present, има], future of има + perfect participle [aorist, future, multiword-construction, има], future of има + perfect participle [future, imperative, multiword-construction, има], ќе чукав [imperfect, multiword-construction, past-future, present], ќе + imperfect [aorist, multiword-construction, past-future], ќе + imperfect [imperative, multiword-construction, past-future], ќе имав чукано [future, imperfect, multiword-construction, past, present, има], future in the past of има + perfect participle [aorist, future, multiword-construction, past, има], future in the past of има + perfect participle [future, imperative, multiword-construction, past, има], ќе сум чукал [future, imperfect, multiword-construction, present, reported], ќе + imperfect l-participle [aorist, future, multiword-construction, reported], ќе + imperfect l-participle [future, multiword-construction, reported], ќе сум имал чукано [future, imperfect, multiword-construction, present, reported, има], future reported of има + perfect participle [aorist, future, multiword-construction, reported, има], future reported of има + perfect participle [future, multiword-construction, reported, има], би чукал [conditional, imperfect, multiword-construction, present], би + imperfect l-participle [aorist, conditional, multiword-construction], би + imperfect l-participle [conditional, multiword-construction], би имал чукано [conditional, imperfect, multiword-construction, present, има], conditional of има + perfect participle [aorist, conditional, multiword-construction, има], conditional of има + perfect participle [conditional, multiword-construction, има]
  1. (transitive, frequentative) to knock, strike, beat Tags: frequentative, transitive
    Sense id: en-чука-mk-verb-UI7N5Wmc Categories (other): Macedonian entries with incorrect language header, Macedonian verbs in -а Disambiguation of Macedonian entries with incorrect language header: 21 36 44 Disambiguation of Macedonian verbs in -а: 12 41 46
  2. (intransitive, frequentative) to throb, beat (e.g. heart) Tags: frequentative, intransitive
    Sense id: en-чука-mk-verb-IE0u5fd6 Categories (other): Macedonian entries with incorrect language header, Macedonian links with redundant alt parameters, Macedonian links with redundant wikilinks, Macedonian verbs in -а Disambiguation of Macedonian entries with incorrect language header: 21 36 44 Disambiguation of Macedonian links with redundant alt parameters: 24 33 43 Disambiguation of Macedonian links with redundant wikilinks: 25 33 42 Disambiguation of Macedonian verbs in -а: 12 41 46
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mk",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*čuka",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čuka",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mk",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*čuka"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čuka",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čuka.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "čuka",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чуки",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mk-decl-noun-f",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чука",
      "roman": "čuka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чуки",
      "roman": "čuki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чуката",
      "roman": "čukata",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "singular",
        "unspecified"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чуките",
      "roman": "čukite",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural",
        "unspecified"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукава",
      "roman": "čukava",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "proximal",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукиве",
      "roman": "čukive",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural",
        "proximal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукана",
      "roman": "čukana",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "distal",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукине",
      "roman": "čukine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "distal",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чуко",
      "roman": "čuko",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чуки",
      "roman": "čuki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "чуки"
      },
      "expansion": "чука • (čuka) f (plural чуки)",
      "name": "mk-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "чук"
      },
      "name": "mk-decl-noun-f"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "col_pl": "",
        "col_pl2": "",
        "col_sg": "чукје",
        "col_sg2": "",
        "def_dist_pl": "чукине",
        "def_dist_sg": "чукана",
        "def_prox_pl": "чукиве",
        "def_prox_sg": "чукава",
        "def_unsp_pl": "чуките",
        "def_unsp_sg": "чуката",
        "ind_pl": "чуки",
        "ind_sg": "чука",
        "n": "",
        "voc_pl": "чуки",
        "voc_sg": "чуко"
      },
      "name": "mk-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Macedonian",
  "lang_code": "mk",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 36 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 41 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Macedonian verbs in -а",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rocky peak"
      ],
      "id": "en-чука-mk-noun-9Vd-nEAM",
      "links": [
        [
          "rocky",
          "rocky"
        ],
        [
          "peak",
          "peak"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃuka]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uka"
    }
  ],
  "word": "чука"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "čuka",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукне",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "m",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукал",
      "roman": "čukal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукан",
      "roman": "čukan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "aorist",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукала",
      "roman": "čukala",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукајќи",
      "roman": "čukajḱi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "aorist",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукало",
      "roman": "čukalo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукање",
      "roman": "čukanje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукале",
      "roman": "čukale",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукано",
      "roman": "čukano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "participle",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукам",
      "roman": "čukam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукав",
      "roman": "čukav",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукаш",
      "roman": "čukaš",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукаше",
      "roman": "čukaše",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукај",
      "roman": "čukaj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чука",
      "roman": "čuka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукаше",
      "roman": "čukaše",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукаме",
      "roman": "čukame",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукавме",
      "roman": "čukavme",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукате",
      "roman": "čukate",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукавте",
      "roman": "čukavte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукајте",
      "roman": "čukajte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукаат",
      "roman": "čukaat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукаа",
      "roman": "čukaa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сум чукал",
      "roman": "sum čukal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present of сум (except in the 3ʳᵈ person) +",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present of сум (except in the 3ʳᵈ person) +",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "имам чукано",
      "roman": "imam čukano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бев чукал",
      "roman": "bev čukal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "имав чукано",
      "roman": "imav čukano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "present",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сум имал чукано",
      "roman": "sum imal čukano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present",
        "reported",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perfect of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "reported",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perfect of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "reported",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе чукам",
      "roman": "ḱe čukam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе + present",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "future",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе + present",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе имам чукано",
      "roman": "ḱe imam čukano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "present",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "future",
        "multiword-construction",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе чукав",
      "roman": "ḱe čukav",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past-future",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе + imperfect",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past-future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе + imperfect",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past-future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе имав чукано",
      "roman": "ḱe imav čukano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "present",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future in the past of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "future",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future in the past of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе сум чукал",
      "roman": "ḱe sum čukal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "present",
        "reported"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе + imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "future",
        "multiword-construction",
        "reported"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе + imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "multiword-construction",
        "reported"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе сум имал чукано",
      "roman": "ḱe sum imal čukano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "present",
        "reported",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future reported of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "future",
        "multiword-construction",
        "reported",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future reported of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "multiword-construction",
        "reported",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "би чукал",
      "roman": "bi čukal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "би + imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "би + imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "би имал чукано",
      "roman": "bi imal čukano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "present",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "има"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "pf": "чукне"
      },
      "expansion": "чука • (čuka) third-singular present, impf (perfective чукне)",
      "name": "mk-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Macedonian",
  "lang_code": "mk",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 36 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 41 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Macedonian verbs in -а",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to knock, strike, beat"
      ],
      "id": "en-чука-mk-verb-UI7N5Wmc",
      "links": [
        [
          "knock",
          "knock"
        ],
        [
          "strike",
          "strike"
        ],
        [
          "beat",
          "beat"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, frequentative) to knock, strike, beat"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "frequentative",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 36 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 33 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Macedonian links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 33 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Macedonian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 41 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Macedonian verbs in -а",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to throb, beat (e.g. heart)"
      ],
      "id": "en-чука-mk-verb-IE0u5fd6",
      "links": [
        [
          "throb",
          "throb"
        ],
        [
          "beat",
          "beat"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, frequentative) to throb, beat (e.g. heart)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "frequentative",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃuka]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uka"
    }
  ],
  "word": "чука"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Macedonian 2-syllable words",
    "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Macedonian feminine nouns",
    "Macedonian imperfective verbs",
    "Macedonian lemmas",
    "Macedonian links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Macedonian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Macedonian nouns",
    "Macedonian paroxytone terms",
    "Macedonian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Macedonian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Macedonian verbs",
    "Macedonian verbs in -а",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Macedonian/uka",
    "Rhymes:Macedonian/uka/2 syllables",
    "sh:Landforms",
    "sh:Organs",
    "sh:Timekeeping"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mk",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*čuka",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čuka",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mk",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*čuka"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čuka",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čuka.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "čuka",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чуки",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mk-decl-noun-f",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чука",
      "roman": "čuka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чуки",
      "roman": "čuki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чуката",
      "roman": "čukata",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "singular",
        "unspecified"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чуките",
      "roman": "čukite",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural",
        "unspecified"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукава",
      "roman": "čukava",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "proximal",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукиве",
      "roman": "čukive",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural",
        "proximal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукана",
      "roman": "čukana",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "distal",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукине",
      "roman": "čukine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "distal",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чуко",
      "roman": "čuko",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чуки",
      "roman": "čuki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "чуки"
      },
      "expansion": "чука • (čuka) f (plural чуки)",
      "name": "mk-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "чук"
      },
      "name": "mk-decl-noun-f"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "col_pl": "",
        "col_pl2": "",
        "col_sg": "чукје",
        "col_sg2": "",
        "def_dist_pl": "чукине",
        "def_dist_sg": "чукана",
        "def_prox_pl": "чукиве",
        "def_prox_sg": "чукава",
        "def_unsp_pl": "чуките",
        "def_unsp_sg": "чуката",
        "ind_pl": "чуки",
        "ind_sg": "чука",
        "n": "",
        "voc_pl": "чуки",
        "voc_sg": "чуко"
      },
      "name": "mk-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Macedonian",
  "lang_code": "mk",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "rocky peak"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rocky",
          "rocky"
        ],
        [
          "peak",
          "peak"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃuka]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uka"
    }
  ],
  "word": "чука"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Macedonian 2-syllable words",
    "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Macedonian imperfective verbs",
    "Macedonian lemmas",
    "Macedonian links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Macedonian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Macedonian paroxytone terms",
    "Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Macedonian verbs",
    "Macedonian verbs in -а",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Macedonian/uka",
    "Rhymes:Macedonian/uka/2 syllables",
    "sh:Landforms",
    "sh:Organs",
    "sh:Timekeeping"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "čuka",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукне",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "m",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукал",
      "roman": "čukal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукан",
      "roman": "čukan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "aorist",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукала",
      "roman": "čukala",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукајќи",
      "roman": "čukajḱi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "aorist",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукало",
      "roman": "čukalo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукање",
      "roman": "čukanje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукале",
      "roman": "čukale",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукано",
      "roman": "čukano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "participle",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукам",
      "roman": "čukam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукав",
      "roman": "čukav",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукаш",
      "roman": "čukaš",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукаше",
      "roman": "čukaše",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукај",
      "roman": "čukaj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чука",
      "roman": "čuka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукаше",
      "roman": "čukaše",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукаме",
      "roman": "čukame",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукавме",
      "roman": "čukavme",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукате",
      "roman": "čukate",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукавте",
      "roman": "čukavte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукајте",
      "roman": "čukajte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукаат",
      "roman": "čukaat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "чукаа",
      "roman": "čukaa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сум чукал",
      "roman": "sum čukal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present of сум (except in the 3ʳᵈ person) +",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present of сум (except in the 3ʳᵈ person) +",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "имам чукано",
      "roman": "imam čukano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бев чукал",
      "roman": "bev čukal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "имав чукано",
      "roman": "imav čukano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "present",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сум имал чукано",
      "roman": "sum imal čukano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present",
        "reported",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perfect of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "reported",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perfect of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "reported",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе чукам",
      "roman": "ḱe čukam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе + present",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "future",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе + present",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе имам чукано",
      "roman": "ḱe imam čukano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "present",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "future",
        "multiword-construction",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе чукав",
      "roman": "ḱe čukav",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past-future",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе + imperfect",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past-future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе + imperfect",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past-future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе имав чукано",
      "roman": "ḱe imav čukano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "present",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future in the past of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "future",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future in the past of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе сум чукал",
      "roman": "ḱe sum čukal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "present",
        "reported"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе + imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "future",
        "multiword-construction",
        "reported"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе + imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "multiword-construction",
        "reported"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе сум имал чукано",
      "roman": "ḱe sum imal čukano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "present",
        "reported",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future reported of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "future",
        "multiword-construction",
        "reported",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future reported of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "multiword-construction",
        "reported",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "би чукал",
      "roman": "bi čukal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "би + imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "би + imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "би имал чукано",
      "roman": "bi imal čukano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "present",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "има"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "pf": "чукне"
      },
      "expansion": "чука • (čuka) third-singular present, impf (perfective чукне)",
      "name": "mk-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Macedonian",
  "lang_code": "mk",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Macedonian frequentative verbs",
        "Macedonian transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to knock, strike, beat"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "knock",
          "knock"
        ],
        [
          "strike",
          "strike"
        ],
        [
          "beat",
          "beat"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, frequentative) to knock, strike, beat"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "frequentative",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Macedonian frequentative verbs",
        "Macedonian intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to throb, beat (e.g. heart)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "throb",
          "throb"
        ],
        [
          "beat",
          "beat"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, frequentative) to throb, beat (e.g. heart)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "frequentative",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃuka]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uka"
    }
  ],
  "word": "чука"
}

Download raw JSONL data for чука meaning in Macedonian (14.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Macedonian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (5d527b9 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.