See bruken in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰruHg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gml",
"3": "brûken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German brûken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "osx",
"3": "brūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon brūkan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German brûken, Old Saxon brūkan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruukt",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hebben",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nds-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuks",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuks",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ebruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gebruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"10": "hebben",
"2": "verb",
"3": "third-person singular simple present",
"4": "bruukt",
"5": "past tense",
"6": "bruuk",
"7": "past participle",
"8": "bruukt",
"9": "auxiliary verb"
},
"expansion": "bruken (third-person singular simple present bruukt, past tense bruuk, past participle bruukt, auxiliary verb hebben)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bruuk",
"2": "bruuk",
"3": "bruuk",
"4": "bruk",
"5": "bruuk"
},
"name": "nds-conj-wk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bruuk",
"10": "bruukt",
"11": "bruken",
"12": "(e)bruukt, gebruukt",
"2": "bruuks(t)",
"3": "bruuk(t)",
"4": "bruukt, bruuken",
"5": "bruuk",
"6": "bruuks(t)",
"7": "bruuk",
"8": "bruken",
"9": "bruuk(e)",
"head": "bruken (weak verb)"
},
"name": "nds-conj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Low German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 6 6 6 7 5 6 6 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Du bruukst nich op mi to töven.\nYou don’t need to wait for me. (or Du musst nich op mi to töven, see usage notes)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to need to, to have to (in negation or with the adverb alleen (“just, only”), you can also use möten)"
],
"id": "en-bruken-nds-verb-KoJdLc8-",
"links": [
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"alleen",
"alleen#Low_German"
],
[
"möten",
"möten"
]
]
}
],
"word": "bruken"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰruHg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gml",
"3": "gebrūken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German gebrūken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "osx",
"3": "gibrūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon gibrūkan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gabrūkaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gabrūkaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German gebrūken, Old Saxon gibrūkan, from Proto-Germanic *gabrūkaną. See Etymology 1 above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruukt",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hebben",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nds-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuks",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuks",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ebruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gebruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"10": "hebben",
"2": "verb",
"3": "third-person singular simple present",
"4": "bruukt",
"5": "past tense",
"6": "bruuk",
"7": "past participle",
"8": "bruukt",
"9": "auxiliary verb"
},
"expansion": "bruken (third-person singular simple present bruukt, past tense bruuk, past participle bruukt, auxiliary verb hebben)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bruuk",
"2": "bruuk",
"3": "bruuk",
"4": "bruk",
"5": "bruuk"
},
"name": "nds-conj-wk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bruuk",
"10": "bruukt",
"11": "bruken",
"12": "(e)bruukt, gebruukt",
"2": "bruuks(t)",
"3": "bruuk(t)",
"4": "bruukt, bruuken",
"5": "bruuk",
"6": "bruuks(t)",
"7": "bruuk",
"8": "bruken",
"9": "bruuk(e)",
"head": "bruken (weak verb)"
},
"name": "nds-conj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to use"
],
"id": "en-bruken-nds-verb-1sSLc2ib",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
]
]
}
],
"word": "bruken"
}
{
"categories": [
"Low German entries with incorrect language header",
"Low German lemmas",
"Low German terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Low German terms derived from Old Saxon",
"Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Low German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Low German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Low German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰruHg-",
"Low German terms inherited from Middle Low German",
"Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon",
"Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Low German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Low German verbs",
"Low German weak verbs",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰruHg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gml",
"3": "brûken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German brûken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "osx",
"3": "brūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon brūkan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German brûken, Old Saxon brūkan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruukt",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hebben",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nds-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuks",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuks",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ebruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gebruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"10": "hebben",
"2": "verb",
"3": "third-person singular simple present",
"4": "bruukt",
"5": "past tense",
"6": "bruuk",
"7": "past participle",
"8": "bruukt",
"9": "auxiliary verb"
},
"expansion": "bruken (third-person singular simple present bruukt, past tense bruuk, past participle bruukt, auxiliary verb hebben)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bruuk",
"2": "bruuk",
"3": "bruuk",
"4": "bruk",
"5": "bruuk"
},
"name": "nds-conj-wk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bruuk",
"10": "bruukt",
"11": "bruken",
"12": "(e)bruukt, gebruukt",
"2": "bruuks(t)",
"3": "bruuk(t)",
"4": "bruukt, bruuken",
"5": "bruuk",
"6": "bruuks(t)",
"7": "bruuk",
"8": "bruken",
"9": "bruuk(e)",
"head": "bruken (weak verb)"
},
"name": "nds-conj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Low German terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Du bruukst nich op mi to töven.\nYou don’t need to wait for me. (or Du musst nich op mi to töven, see usage notes)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to need to, to have to (in negation or with the adverb alleen (“just, only”), you can also use möten)"
],
"links": [
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"alleen",
"alleen#Low_German"
],
[
"möten",
"möten"
]
]
}
],
"word": "bruken"
}
{
"categories": [
"Low German entries with incorrect language header",
"Low German lemmas",
"Low German terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Low German terms derived from Old Saxon",
"Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Low German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Low German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰruHg-",
"Low German terms inherited from Middle Low German",
"Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon",
"Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Low German verbs",
"Low German weak verbs",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰruHg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gml",
"3": "gebrūken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German gebrūken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "osx",
"3": "gibrūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon gibrūkan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gabrūkaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gabrūkaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German gebrūken, Old Saxon gibrūkan, from Proto-Germanic *gabrūkaną. See Etymology 1 above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruukt",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hebben",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nds-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuks",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuks",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ebruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gebruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"10": "hebben",
"2": "verb",
"3": "third-person singular simple present",
"4": "bruukt",
"5": "past tense",
"6": "bruuk",
"7": "past participle",
"8": "bruukt",
"9": "auxiliary verb"
},
"expansion": "bruken (third-person singular simple present bruukt, past tense bruuk, past participle bruukt, auxiliary verb hebben)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bruuk",
"2": "bruuk",
"3": "bruuk",
"4": "bruk",
"5": "bruuk"
},
"name": "nds-conj-wk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bruuk",
"10": "bruukt",
"11": "bruken",
"12": "(e)bruukt, gebruukt",
"2": "bruuks(t)",
"3": "bruuk(t)",
"4": "bruukt, bruuken",
"5": "bruuk",
"6": "bruuks(t)",
"7": "bruuk",
"8": "bruken",
"9": "bruuk(e)",
"head": "bruken (weak verb)"
},
"name": "nds-conj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to use"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
]
]
}
],
"word": "bruken"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bruken meaning in Low German (8.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Low German dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.