tsukkõr in Livonian

IPA: /t̪sukːər/ [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: Latvian cukurs acquired the <c> (/ts/) sound only in the 19th century, before that it is attested as sukurs. Karulis thinks that the Latvian term was borrowed via a historical Livonian form sukker. Suhonen, in turn, list the modern Livonian tsukkõr as borrowed from Latvian cukurs, alongside he also lists sukkur from the comparably poorly attested Salaca Livonian and the form cukars from Dundaga Latvian (close to the modern Livonian speaking area), the latter is essentially identical to the modern Livonian term in its phonetic makeup. This would not be the only example of re-borrowing, compare, for example, Livonian būojõ from Latvian bojāt which ultimately from Livonian pūoj. If both Karulis and Suhonen be right, then the origin of this term is tsukkõr < Latvian cukurs < Livonian sukker ~ sukkur < German Zucker < Italian zucchero < < Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar) < Persian شکر < Sanskrit शर्करा (śarkarā). Etymology templates: {{cog|lv|cukurs}} Latvian cukurs, {{bor|liv|lv|cukurs}} Latvian cukurs, {{bor|liv|lv|cukurs}} Latvian cukurs, {{bor|liv|liv||sukker ~ sukkur}} Livonian sukker ~ sukkur, {{bor|liv|de|Zucker}} German Zucker, {{bor|liv|it|zucchero}} Italian zucchero, {{bor|liv|ar|سُكَّر}} Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar), {{bor|liv|fa|شکر}} Persian شکر, {{bor|liv|sa|शर्करा}} Sanskrit शर्करा (śarkarā) Head templates: {{head|liv|noun}} tsukkõr Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], tsukkõr [nominative, singular], tsukkõrd [nominative, plural], tsukkõr [genitive, singular], tsukkõrd [genitive, plural], tsukkõrt [partitive, singular], tsukkõri [partitive, plural], tsukkõrõn [dative, singular], tsukkõrdõn [dative, plural], tsukkõrõks [instrumental, singular], tsukkõrdõks [instrumental, plural], tsukkõrõ [illative, singular], tsukkõriž [illative, plural], tsukkõrõs [inessive, singular], tsukkõrs [inessive, singular], tsukkõris [inessive, plural], tsukkõrõst [elative, singular], tsukkõrst [elative, singular], tsukkõrist [elative, plural]

[Show JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "cukurs"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian cukurs",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "lv",
        "3": "cukurs"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian cukurs",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "lv",
        "3": "cukurs"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian cukurs",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "liv",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sukker ~ sukkur"
      },
      "expansion": "Livonian sukker ~ sukkur",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "Zucker"
      },
      "expansion": "German Zucker",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "it",
        "3": "zucchero"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian zucchero",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "ar",
        "3": "سُكَّر"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "fa",
        "3": "شکر"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian شکر",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "शर्करा"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit शर्करा (śarkarā)",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Latvian cukurs acquired the <c> (/ts/) sound only in the 19th century, before that it is attested as sukurs. Karulis thinks that the Latvian term was borrowed via a historical Livonian form sukker. Suhonen, in turn, list the modern Livonian tsukkõr as borrowed from Latvian cukurs, alongside he also lists sukkur from the comparably poorly attested Salaca Livonian and the form cukars from Dundaga Latvian (close to the modern Livonian speaking area), the latter is essentially identical to the modern Livonian term in its phonetic makeup.\nThis would not be the only example of re-borrowing, compare, for example, Livonian būojõ from Latvian bojāt which ultimately from Livonian pūoj.\nIf both Karulis and Suhonen be right, then the origin of this term is tsukkõr < Latvian cukurs < Livonian sukker ~ sukkur < German Zucker < Italian zucchero < < Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar) < Persian شکر < Sanskrit शर्करा (śarkarā).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liv-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõr",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõrd",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõr",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõrd",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõrt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõrõn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõrdõn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõrõks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõrdõks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõrõ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõriž",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõrõs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõrs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõris",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõrõst",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõrst",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõrist",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "tsukkõr",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Livonian",
  "lang_code": "liv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Livonian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Livonian etymologies from LEV",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Livonian terms borrowed back into Livonian",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sugar"
      ],
      "id": "en-tsukkõr-liv-noun-zHZ~scbv",
      "links": [
        [
          "sugar",
          "sugar"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t̪sukːər/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "tsukkõr"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "cukurs"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian cukurs",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "lv",
        "3": "cukurs"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian cukurs",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "lv",
        "3": "cukurs"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian cukurs",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "liv",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sukker ~ sukkur"
      },
      "expansion": "Livonian sukker ~ sukkur",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "Zucker"
      },
      "expansion": "German Zucker",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "it",
        "3": "zucchero"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian zucchero",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "ar",
        "3": "سُكَّر"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "fa",
        "3": "شکر"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian شکر",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "शर्करा"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit शर्करा (śarkarā)",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Latvian cukurs acquired the <c> (/ts/) sound only in the 19th century, before that it is attested as sukurs. Karulis thinks that the Latvian term was borrowed via a historical Livonian form sukker. Suhonen, in turn, list the modern Livonian tsukkõr as borrowed from Latvian cukurs, alongside he also lists sukkur from the comparably poorly attested Salaca Livonian and the form cukars from Dundaga Latvian (close to the modern Livonian speaking area), the latter is essentially identical to the modern Livonian term in its phonetic makeup.\nThis would not be the only example of re-borrowing, compare, for example, Livonian būojõ from Latvian bojāt which ultimately from Livonian pūoj.\nIf both Karulis and Suhonen be right, then the origin of this term is tsukkõr < Latvian cukurs < Livonian sukker ~ sukkur < German Zucker < Italian zucchero < < Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar) < Persian شکر < Sanskrit शर्करा (śarkarā).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liv-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõr",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõrd",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõr",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõrd",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõrt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõrõn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõrdõn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõrõks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõrdõks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõrõ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõriž",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõrõs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõrs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõris",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõrõst",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõrst",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukkõrist",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "tsukkõr",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Livonian",
  "lang_code": "liv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Livonian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Livonian etymologies from LEV",
        "Livonian lemmas",
        "Livonian nouns",
        "Livonian terms borrowed back into Livonian",
        "Livonian terms borrowed from Arabic",
        "Livonian terms borrowed from German",
        "Livonian terms borrowed from Italian",
        "Livonian terms borrowed from Latvian",
        "Livonian terms borrowed from Persian",
        "Livonian terms borrowed from Sanskrit",
        "Livonian terms derived from Arabic",
        "Livonian terms derived from German",
        "Livonian terms derived from Italian",
        "Livonian terms derived from Latvian",
        "Livonian terms derived from Persian",
        "Livonian terms derived from Sanskrit",
        "Livonian terms with IPA pronunciation"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sugar"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sugar",
          "sugar"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t̪sukːər/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "tsukkõr"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Livonian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (91e95e7 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"tsukkõr" meaning in Livonian

Noun