See vilna in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "See vilns",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "vilna m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 13 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with level intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "vilns"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive singular of vilns"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-vilna-lv-noun-6Cq84I3t",
"links": [
[
"vilns",
"vilns#Latvian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal form) genitive singular of vilns"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"lv:vilna"
],
"word": "vilna"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂welh₁-",
"id": "wool"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*wílˀnāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *wílˀnāˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "vìlna"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian vìlna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "wilna"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian wilna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "вълна"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic вълна (vŭlna)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Russian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "во́ўна"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian во́ўна (vóŭna)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "во́вна"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian во́вна (vóvna)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "въ́лна"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian въ́лна (vǎ́lna)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "vlna"
},
"expansion": "Czech vlna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "vlna"
},
"expansion": "Slovak vlna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "wełna"
},
"expansion": "Polish wełna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*wullō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wullō",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐌿𐌻𐌻𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍅𐌿𐌻𐌻𐌰 (wulla)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "wolla"
},
"expansion": "Old High German wolla",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Wolle"
},
"expansion": "German Wolle",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wool"
},
"expansion": "English wool",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "ḫulana-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite ḫulana-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ऊर्णा",
"tr": "ū́rṇā"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit ऊर्णा (ū́rṇā)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λῆνος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λῆνος (lênos)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lāna"
},
"expansion": "Latin lāna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Italian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "lana"
},
"expansion": "Spanish lana",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "lână"
},
"expansion": "Romanian lână",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "lã"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese lã",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wílˀnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂. Cognates include Lithuanian vìlna, Old Prussian wilna, wilnis (“skirt [< made of wool]”), Old East Slavic вълна (vŭlna), Russian dialectal во́лна (vólna, “wool, woolen fabric”), Belarusian во́ўна (vóŭna), Ukrainian во́вна (vóvna), Bulgarian въ́лна (vǎ́lna), Czech vlna, Slovak vlna, Polish wełna, Proto-Germanic *wullō (Gothic 𐍅𐌿𐌻𐌻𐌰 (wulla), Old High German wolla, German Wolle, English wool), Hittite ḫulana-, Sanskrit ऊर्णा (ū́rṇā) (from *ul̥), Ancient Greek λῆνος (lênos) (Doric λᾶνος (lânos), Latin lāna (Italian, Spanish lana, Romanian lână, Portuguese lã).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "declension-4",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "4th declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "vilna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vilnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vilnas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vilnai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vilnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vilnā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vilna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "vilna f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "4th"
},
"expansion": "vilna f (4th declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "viln",
"2": "a",
"3": "4th",
"4": "no-pl",
"extrawidth": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "viln",
"2": "a",
"4": "no-pl",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-4"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vilna",
"10": "-",
"11": "vilnā",
"12": "-",
"13": "vilna",
"14": "-",
"16": "",
"2": "-",
"3": "vilnu",
"4": "-",
"5": "vilnas",
"6": "-",
"7": "vilnai",
"8": "-",
"9": "vilnu",
"type": "4th declension",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dzija"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 13 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with level intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "sheep wool",
"text": "aitas vilna",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "thick, long wool",
"text": "bieza, gara vilna",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to shear wool",
"text": "cirpt vilnu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to card wool",
"text": "kārst vilnu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to spin wool",
"text": "vērpt vilnu",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wool (the hair of certain animals (especially sheep)"
],
"id": "en-vilna-lv-noun-4n6GAstp",
"links": [
[
"wool",
"wool"
],
[
"hair",
"hair#English"
],
[
"animals",
"animals#English"
],
[
"sheep",
"sheep#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 23 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 20 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 13 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with level intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 36 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 26 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 79",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Fabrics",
"orig": "lv:Fabrics",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 31 58",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Hair",
"orig": "lv:Hair",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "wool yarn, fabric",
"text": "vilnas dzija, audums",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "wool gloves, socks, blanket",
"text": "vilnas cimdi, zeķes, sega",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "wool scarf, dress",
"text": "vilnas lakats, kleita",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wool (something made of this animal hair: yarn, fabric, clothes)"
],
"id": "en-vilna-lv-noun-shOaYa5Q",
"links": [
[
"wool",
"wool"
],
[
"made",
"made#English"
],
[
"animal",
"animal#English"
],
[
"hair",
"hair#English"
],
[
"yarn",
"yarn#English"
],
[
"fabric",
"fabric#English"
],
[
"clothes",
"clothes#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[vīlna]"
}
],
"word": "vilna"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian feminine nouns",
"Latvian fourth declension nouns",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian non-lemma forms",
"Latvian noun forms",
"Latvian nouns",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂welh₁- (wool)",
"Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian words with level intonation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"lv:Fabrics",
"lv:Hair"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "See vilns",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "vilna m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "vilns"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive singular of vilns"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"vilns",
"vilns#Latvian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal form) genitive singular of vilns"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"lv:vilna"
],
"word": "vilna"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian feminine nouns",
"Latvian fourth declension nouns",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian nouns",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂welh₁- (wool)",
"Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian words with level intonation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"lv:Fabrics",
"lv:Hair"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂welh₁-",
"id": "wool"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*wílˀnāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *wílˀnāˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "vìlna"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian vìlna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "wilna"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian wilna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "вълна"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic вълна (vŭlna)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Russian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "во́ўна"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian во́ўна (vóŭna)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "во́вна"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian во́вна (vóvna)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "въ́лна"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian въ́лна (vǎ́lna)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "vlna"
},
"expansion": "Czech vlna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "vlna"
},
"expansion": "Slovak vlna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "wełna"
},
"expansion": "Polish wełna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*wullō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wullō",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐌿𐌻𐌻𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍅𐌿𐌻𐌻𐌰 (wulla)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "wolla"
},
"expansion": "Old High German wolla",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Wolle"
},
"expansion": "German Wolle",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wool"
},
"expansion": "English wool",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "ḫulana-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite ḫulana-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ऊर्णा",
"tr": "ū́rṇā"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit ऊर्णा (ū́rṇā)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λῆνος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λῆνος (lênos)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lāna"
},
"expansion": "Latin lāna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Italian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "lana"
},
"expansion": "Spanish lana",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "lână"
},
"expansion": "Romanian lână",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "lã"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese lã",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wílˀnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂. Cognates include Lithuanian vìlna, Old Prussian wilna, wilnis (“skirt [< made of wool]”), Old East Slavic вълна (vŭlna), Russian dialectal во́лна (vólna, “wool, woolen fabric”), Belarusian во́ўна (vóŭna), Ukrainian во́вна (vóvna), Bulgarian въ́лна (vǎ́lna), Czech vlna, Slovak vlna, Polish wełna, Proto-Germanic *wullō (Gothic 𐍅𐌿𐌻𐌻𐌰 (wulla), Old High German wolla, German Wolle, English wool), Hittite ḫulana-, Sanskrit ऊर्णा (ū́rṇā) (from *ul̥), Ancient Greek λῆνος (lênos) (Doric λᾶνος (lânos), Latin lāna (Italian, Spanish lana, Romanian lână, Portuguese lã).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "declension-4",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "4th declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "vilna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vilnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vilnas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vilnai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vilnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vilnā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vilna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "vilna f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "4th"
},
"expansion": "vilna f (4th declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "viln",
"2": "a",
"3": "4th",
"4": "no-pl",
"extrawidth": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "viln",
"2": "a",
"4": "no-pl",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-4"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vilna",
"10": "-",
"11": "vilnā",
"12": "-",
"13": "vilna",
"14": "-",
"16": "",
"2": "-",
"3": "vilnu",
"4": "-",
"5": "vilnas",
"6": "-",
"7": "vilnai",
"8": "-",
"9": "vilnu",
"type": "4th declension",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dzija"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "sheep wool",
"text": "aitas vilna",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "thick, long wool",
"text": "bieza, gara vilna",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to shear wool",
"text": "cirpt vilnu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to card wool",
"text": "kārst vilnu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to spin wool",
"text": "vērpt vilnu",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wool (the hair of certain animals (especially sheep)"
],
"links": [
[
"wool",
"wool"
],
[
"hair",
"hair#English"
],
[
"animals",
"animals#English"
],
[
"sheep",
"sheep#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "wool yarn, fabric",
"text": "vilnas dzija, audums",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "wool gloves, socks, blanket",
"text": "vilnas cimdi, zeķes, sega",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "wool scarf, dress",
"text": "vilnas lakats, kleita",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wool (something made of this animal hair: yarn, fabric, clothes)"
],
"links": [
[
"wool",
"wool"
],
[
"made",
"made#English"
],
[
"animal",
"animal#English"
],
[
"hair",
"hair#English"
],
[
"yarn",
"yarn#English"
],
[
"fabric",
"fabric#English"
],
[
"clothes",
"clothes#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[vīlna]"
}
],
"word": "vilna"
}
Download raw JSONL data for vilna meaning in Latvian (8.4kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
"msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, vilna/Latvian",
"path": [
"vilna"
],
"section": "Latvian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "vilna",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latvian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.