See rūgtums in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "rūgts",
"3": "ums",
"gloss1": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "rūgts (“bitter”) + -ums",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From rūgts (“bitter”) + -ums.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "declension-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1st declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgtums",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgtumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgtuma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgtumam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgtumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgtumā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgtum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "rūgtums m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "1st"
},
"expansion": "rūgtums m (1st declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rūgtum",
"2": "s",
"3": "1st",
"4": "no-pl"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rūgtum",
"2": "s",
"4": "no-pl",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "0"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-1"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rūgtums",
"10": "-",
"11": "rūgtumā",
"12": "-",
"13": "rūgtum",
"14": "-",
"2": "-",
"3": "rūgtumu",
"4": "-",
"5": "rūgtuma",
"6": "-",
"7": "rūgtumam",
"8": "-",
"9": "rūgtumu",
"type": "1st declension",
"x": "0"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rūgums"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rūgt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rūgts"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian terms suffixed with -ums",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the next morning the bitterness of the coffee drunk the previous night was smoldering in the mouth",
"text": "otrā rītā mutē gruzdēja iepriekšējā vakarā izdzertās kafijas rūgtums",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "it is better to gather rowans after the first autumn frosts, when the ''bitterness of the fruits decreases",
"text": "vislabāk pīlādžus novākt pēc pirmajām rudens salnām, kad augļiem rūgtums samazinājies"
},
{
"english": "a strange bitterness rose in the girl's throat (e.g., from disgust)",
"text": "savāds rūgtums kāpa meitenei kaklā",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the bird-cherry trees twisted, filling the small space with an intoxicating bitterness (= bitter smell)",
"text": "ievas vīta, piepildīdamas mazo telpu ar reibinošu rūgtumu",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bitterness (the quality of that which is, tastes, smells bitter)"
],
"id": "en-rūgtums-lv-noun-iNauC-r9",
"links": [
[
"bitterness",
"bitterness"
],
[
"quality",
"quality#English"
],
[
"taste",
"taste#English"
],
[
"smell",
"smell#English"
],
[
"bitter",
"bitter#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian terms suffixed with -ums",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the bitterness of failure",
"text": "neveiksmju rūgtums",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the bitterness of reprimands, accusations",
"text": "pārmetumu rūgtums",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "words full of bitterness",
"text": "rūgtuma pilni vārdi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bitterness sounded in (his) voice",
"text": "balsī skan rūgtums",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "all the bitterness, mockery and pain that I experienced today came into my little head and became the realization that in the small barons' eyes I am nothing more than a dog",
"text": "viss rūgtums, apsmiekls un sāpes, ko es šodien biju pārdzīvojis, sakāpa manā mazajā galvā un kļuva par apziņu, ka es mazo baronu acīs neesmu nekas vairāk kā suns",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "she had gone through all hells of experiences (= she had experienced all hell)... in those (= her) eyes and lip corners at times the bitterness appeared for a moment like a heavy shadow",
"text": "viņa bija izgājusi cauri visām pārdzīvojumu ellēm... šajās acīs un lūpu kaktiņos brīžiem pavīdēja rūgtums kā smaga ēna",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bitterness (feeling caused by the memory of painful experiences, suffering, hardship)"
],
"id": "en-rūgtums-lv-noun-HlNS5Z4F",
"links": [
[
"bitterness",
"bitterness"
],
[
"feeling",
"feeling#English"
],
[
"cause",
"cause#English"
],
[
"memory",
"memory#English"
],
[
"painful",
"painful#English"
],
[
"experience",
"experience#English"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering#English"
],
[
"hardship",
"hardship#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) bitterness (feeling caused by the memory of painful experiences, suffering, hardship)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"figuratively",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "rūgtums"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian first declension nouns",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian masculine nouns",
"Latvian nouns",
"Latvian terms suffixed with -ums",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for audio pronunciation in Latvian entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "rūgts",
"3": "ums",
"gloss1": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "rūgts (“bitter”) + -ums",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From rūgts (“bitter”) + -ums.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "declension-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1st declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgtums",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgtumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgtuma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgtumam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgtumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgtumā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgtum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "rūgtums m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "1st"
},
"expansion": "rūgtums m (1st declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rūgtum",
"2": "s",
"3": "1st",
"4": "no-pl"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rūgtum",
"2": "s",
"4": "no-pl",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "0"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-1"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rūgtums",
"10": "-",
"11": "rūgtumā",
"12": "-",
"13": "rūgtum",
"14": "-",
"2": "-",
"3": "rūgtumu",
"4": "-",
"5": "rūgtuma",
"6": "-",
"7": "rūgtumam",
"8": "-",
"9": "rūgtumu",
"type": "1st declension",
"x": "0"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "rūgums"
},
{
"word": "rūgt"
},
{
"word": "rūgts"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the next morning the bitterness of the coffee drunk the previous night was smoldering in the mouth",
"text": "otrā rītā mutē gruzdēja iepriekšējā vakarā izdzertās kafijas rūgtums",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "it is better to gather rowans after the first autumn frosts, when the ''bitterness of the fruits decreases",
"text": "vislabāk pīlādžus novākt pēc pirmajām rudens salnām, kad augļiem rūgtums samazinājies"
},
{
"english": "a strange bitterness rose in the girl's throat (e.g., from disgust)",
"text": "savāds rūgtums kāpa meitenei kaklā",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the bird-cherry trees twisted, filling the small space with an intoxicating bitterness (= bitter smell)",
"text": "ievas vīta, piepildīdamas mazo telpu ar reibinošu rūgtumu",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bitterness (the quality of that which is, tastes, smells bitter)"
],
"links": [
[
"bitterness",
"bitterness"
],
[
"quality",
"quality#English"
],
[
"taste",
"taste#English"
],
[
"smell",
"smell#English"
],
[
"bitter",
"bitter#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the bitterness of failure",
"text": "neveiksmju rūgtums",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the bitterness of reprimands, accusations",
"text": "pārmetumu rūgtums",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "words full of bitterness",
"text": "rūgtuma pilni vārdi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bitterness sounded in (his) voice",
"text": "balsī skan rūgtums",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "all the bitterness, mockery and pain that I experienced today came into my little head and became the realization that in the small barons' eyes I am nothing more than a dog",
"text": "viss rūgtums, apsmiekls un sāpes, ko es šodien biju pārdzīvojis, sakāpa manā mazajā galvā un kļuva par apziņu, ka es mazo baronu acīs neesmu nekas vairāk kā suns",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "she had gone through all hells of experiences (= she had experienced all hell)... in those (= her) eyes and lip corners at times the bitterness appeared for a moment like a heavy shadow",
"text": "viņa bija izgājusi cauri visām pārdzīvojumu ellēm... šajās acīs un lūpu kaktiņos brīžiem pavīdēja rūgtums kā smaga ēna",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bitterness (feeling caused by the memory of painful experiences, suffering, hardship)"
],
"links": [
[
"bitterness",
"bitterness"
],
[
"feeling",
"feeling#English"
],
[
"cause",
"cause#English"
],
[
"memory",
"memory#English"
],
[
"painful",
"painful#English"
],
[
"experience",
"experience#English"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering#English"
],
[
"hardship",
"hardship#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) bitterness (feeling caused by the memory of painful experiences, suffering, hardship)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"figuratively",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "rūgtums"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rūgtums meaning in Latvian (5.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latvian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (e4a2c88 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.