See pēc in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_text": "As adverb (the nowadays more frequent prepositional use is a later development), pēc is the reflex of an earlier pēdis (“after(wards)”), still found dialectally and in folk songs, itself from *pēdies, an old instrumental plural form of pēds, a morphological variant of pēda (“foot sole; footprint”). The original meaning was therefore sequentiality, like footprints: “one after the other,” from which later “after that,” “after...”.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "adverb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "pēc",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pēc",
"name": "lv-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 7 14 21 3 3 5 16 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 12 10 10 10 10 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 15 10 14 4 14 9 9 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian prepositions with genitive",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 10 11 9 8 9 9 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with broken intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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0,
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]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
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]
],
"english": "after (something) happens, all (are) wise (= in hindsight, everything is obvious)",
"text": "pēc, kad noticis, visi gudri",
"translation": "after (something) happens, all (are) wise (= in hindsight, everything is obvious)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
43,
46
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
85,
90
]
],
"english": "the fresher, cooler the morning makes the dew, the clearer, brighter the day will be later",
"text": "jo dzestrāku rīts rasu audis, jo skaidrāka pēc diena būs",
"translation": "the fresher, cooler the morning makes the dew, the clearer, brighter the day will be later",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
38,
41
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
56,
61
]
],
"english": "we have to feed the visitor, too, so that she won't say later that we made her go on an empty stomach",
"text": "jāiet pamielot viešņa arī, lai nerunā pēc, ka mēs tai likuši aiziet tukšā dūšā",
"translation": "we have to feed the visitor, too, so that she won't say later that we made her go on an empty stomach",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"after, afterwards, later, later on (in a moment of time posterior to the reference time)"
],
"id": "en-pēc-lv-adv-431gy-YS",
"links": [
[
"after",
"after"
],
[
"afterwards",
"afterwards"
],
[
"later",
"later"
],
[
"later on",
"later on"
],
[
"moment",
"moment#English"
],
[
"time",
"time#English"
],
[
"posterior",
"posterior#English"
],
[
"reference",
"reference#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pɛː̂ts]"
}
],
"word": "pēc"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "pirms"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pēckarš"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pēcpusdiena"
}
],
"etymology_text": "As adverb (the nowadays more frequent prepositional use is a later development), pēc is the reflex of an earlier pēdis (“after(wards)”), still found dialectally and in folk songs, itself from *pēdies, an old instrumental plural form of pēds, a morphological variant of pēda (“foot sole; footprint”). The original meaning was therefore sequentiality, like footprints: “one after the other,” from which later “after that,” “after...”.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "with genitive",
"4": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "pēc (with genitive)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "genitive"
},
"expansion": "pēc (with genitive)",
"name": "lv-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 12 12 10 10 10 10 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 15 10 14 4 14 9 9 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian prepositions with genitive",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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0,
3
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],
"english": "after that",
"text": "pēc tam",
"translation": "after that",
"type": "example"
},
{
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[
0,
3
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],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "after a moment, mother came in",
"text": "pēc brīža istabā ienāca māte",
"translation": "after a moment, mother came in",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
3,
9
]
],
"english": "to arrive after, in two hours",
"text": "ierasties pēc divām stundām",
"translation": "to arrive after, in two hours",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
26,
31
]
],
"english": "the train leaves in (lit. after) an hour",
"text": "vilciens atiet pēc stundas",
"translation": "the train leaves in (lit. after) an hour",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "after work I go home",
"text": "pēc darba braucu uz mājām",
"translation": "after work I go home",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "after midnight a storm started",
"text": "pēc pusnakts sākās vētra",
"translation": "after midnight a storm started",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
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],
"english": "after the rain, mushrooms grow well",
"text": "pēc lietus labi aug sēnes",
"translation": "after the rain, mushrooms grow well",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "after two months there will be a test",
"text": "pēc diviem mēnešiem būs pārbaudījumi",
"translation": "after two months there will be a test",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
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],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "after the concert there were discussions",
"text": "pēc koncerta notika pārrunas",
"translation": "after the concert there were discussions",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
26
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
20,
25
]
],
"english": "classes will resume after the break",
"text": "nodarbības turpināsies pēc pārtraukuma",
"translation": "classes will resume after the break",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"english": "day after day passes... and yet, no letters from (his) brother",
"text": "aizrit diena pēc dienas... bet vēstules no brāļa kā nav, tā nav",
"translation": "day after day passes... and yet, no letters from (his) brother",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to refer to a time posterior to a certain action or event; after, in"
],
"id": "en-pēc-lv-prep-n26LELJL",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"refer",
"refer#English"
],
[
"time",
"time#English"
],
[
"posterior",
"posterior#English"
],
[
"certain",
"certain#English"
],
[
"action",
"action#English"
],
[
"event",
"event#English"
],
[
"after",
"after"
],
[
"in",
"in"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 7 14 21 3 3 5 16 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 12 10 10 10 10 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 15 10 14 4 14 9 9 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian prepositions with genitive",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
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0,
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"english": "after two kilometers there will be a crossroads",
"text": "pēc diviem kilometriem būs krustceļš",
"translation": "after two kilometers there will be a crossroads",
"type": "example"
},
{
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3
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],
"english": "after a certain distance the (walking) traveler stopped",
"text": "pēc kāda gabala gājējs apstājās",
"translation": "after a certain distance the (walking) traveler stopped",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to refer to a place located further away than a certain reference point or distance; after"
],
"id": "en-pēc-lv-prep-4TgTMYAX",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"refer",
"refer#English"
],
[
"place",
"place#English"
],
[
"locate",
"locate#English"
],
[
"further",
"further#English"
],
[
"away",
"away#English"
],
[
"certain",
"certain#English"
],
[
"reference",
"reference#English"
],
[
"point",
"point#English"
],
[
"distance",
"distance#English"
],
[
"after",
"after"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 7 14 21 3 3 5 16 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 12 10 10 10 10 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 15 10 14 4 14 9 9 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian prepositions with genitive",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
20
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
44,
49
]
],
"english": "to give to drink to everyone in a row (lit. after order, in order)",
"text": "dot dzert visiem pēc kārtas",
"translation": "to give to drink to everyone in a row (lit. after order, in order)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
43,
48
]
],
"english": "they drove the animals out of the barn one after the other",
"text": "lopus citu pēc cita izveda no kūts",
"translation": "they drove the animals out of the barn one after the other",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
77,
82
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
21,
26
]
],
"english": "they decided to rest after every five kilometers",
"text": "viņi nolēma atpūsties pēc katriem pieciem kilometriem",
"translation": "they decided to rest after every five kilometers",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in reference to a sequence in time or space; after, by"
],
"id": "en-pēc-lv-prep-V5RCtVNZ",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"reference",
"reference#English"
],
[
"sequence",
"sequence#English"
],
[
"time",
"time#English"
],
[
"space",
"space#English"
],
[
"after",
"after"
],
[
"by",
"by"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
18,
21
],
[
23,
29
]
],
"english": "to go to the well for, to get water",
"text": "iet uz aku pēc ūdens",
"translation": "to go to the well for, to get water",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
21
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
18,
23
]
],
"english": "to go to the shop after bread",
"text": "aiziet uz veikalu pēc maizes",
"translation": "to go to the shop after bread",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
16
]
],
"english": "to reach out for a book",
"text": "sniegties pēc grāmatas",
"translation": "to reach out for a book",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
7,
10
]
],
"english": "to ask for the lady",
"text": "jautāt pēc saimnieces",
"translation": "to ask for the lady",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"english": "to shout for help",
"text": "kliegt pēc palīdzības",
"translation": "to shout for help",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
13
]
],
"english": "to strive for education",
"text": "censties pēc izglītības",
"translation": "to strive for education",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
13
]
],
"english": "to grieve for Rīga",
"text": "skumt pēc Rīgas",
"translation": "to grieve for Rīga",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
13
]
],
"english": "a longing for one's home(land)",
"text": "ilgas pēc dzimtenes",
"translation": "a longing for one's home(land)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
13
]
],
"english": "a craving for honey",
"text": "kāre pēc medus",
"translation": "a craving for honey",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
13
]
],
"english": "to crave (for) strawberries",
"text": "alkt pēc zemenēm",
"translation": "to crave (for) strawberries",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
36,
39
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
53,
56
]
],
"english": "“what is the oriole calling?” “the oriole is calling for rain”",
"text": "“ko tā vālodze sauc?” “vālodze sauc pēc lietus”",
"translation": "“what is the oriole calling?” “the oriole is calling for rain”",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to indicate the purpose or goal of an action; for, after, in order to get"
],
"id": "en-pēc-lv-prep-oV~5wNq6",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"indicate",
"indicate#English"
],
[
"purpose",
"purpose#English"
],
[
"goal",
"goal#English"
],
[
"action",
"action#English"
],
[
"for",
"for"
],
[
"after",
"after"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"get",
"get"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 12 12 10 10 10 10 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 15 10 14 4 14 9 9 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian prepositions with genitive",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
15
]
],
"english": "for the sake of appearance, formatlity",
"text": "skata pēc",
"translation": "for the sake of appearance, formatlity",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
22
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
18
]
],
"english": "to sing because of boredom",
"text": "dziedāt gara laika pēc",
"translation": "to sing because of boredom",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
23
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
16,
19
]
],
"english": "to grow flowers for (their) beauty",
"text": "audzēt puķes košuma pēc",
"translation": "to grow flowers for (their) beauty",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
11
]
],
"english": "to work for (the benefit of) the children",
"text": "strādāt bērnu pēc",
"translation": "to work for (the benefit of) the children",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
15
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
20,
35
]
],
"english": "he said a few words for the sake of politeness",
"text": "pieklājības pēc viņš pateica dažus vārdus",
"translation": "he said a few words for the sake of politeness",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to indicate the cause or reason for something, the motive of an action; for, because of, for the sake of"
],
"id": "en-pēc-lv-prep-7A0jk~iD",
"links": [
[
"postnominal",
"postnominal"
],
[
"postposition",
"postposition"
],
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"indicate",
"indicate#English"
],
[
"cause",
"cause#English"
],
[
"reason",
"reason#English"
],
[
"motive",
"motive#English"
],
[
"action",
"action#English"
],
[
"for",
"for"
],
[
"because of",
"because of"
],
[
"for the sake of",
"for the sake of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(postnominally, as a postposition) used to indicate the cause or reason for something, the motive of an action; for, because of, for the sake of"
],
"raw_tags": [
"as a postposition"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "2 2 3 5 79 5 2 3",
"sense": "of \"for, because\"",
"word": "dēļ"
}
],
"tags": [
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 12 12 10 10 10 10 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "by character a sociable person",
"text": "pēc rakstura saticīgs cilvēks",
"translation": "by character a sociable person",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
12
]
],
"english": "a chemist by training",
"text": "pēc izglītības ķīmiķis",
"translation": "a chemist by training",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
23
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
18,
20
]
],
"english": "to judge a person by his works",
"text": "spriest par cilvēku pēc viņa darbiem",
"translation": "to judge a person by his works",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
19
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
21,
23
]
],
"english": "to arrange the boxes by size",
"text": "sakārtot kastes pēc lieluma",
"translation": "to arrange the boxes by size",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
81,
93
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
31,
43
]
],
"english": "a classification of consonants according to the active organ of speech",
"text": "līdzskaņu klasifikācija pēc aktīvā runas orgāna",
"translation": "a classification of consonants according to the active organ of speech",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to indicate the basis, the grounds for something; by, according to"
],
"id": "en-pēc-lv-prep-4HdtQGNt",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"indicate",
"indicate#English"
],
[
"basis",
"basis#English"
],
[
"grounds",
"grounds#English"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"according to",
"according to"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 6 17 20 4 4 5 26 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 7 14 21 3 3 5 16 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 12 10 10 10 10 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 19 27 3 3 3 37 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 19 28 3 2 3 37 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
20
]
],
"english": "to work accroding to plan",
"text": "strādāt pēc plāna",
"translation": "to work accroding to plan",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
7,
9
],
[
11,
23
]
],
"english": "to act by, according to necessity",
"text": "rīkoties pēc vajadzības",
"translation": "to act by, according to necessity",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
17,
19
]
],
"english": "to draw a sketch by memory",
"text": "uzmest skici pēc atmiņas",
"translation": "to draw a sketch by memory",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
20
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
18,
30
]
],
"english": "to choose a color according to one's taste",
"text": "izvēlēties krāsu pēc savas gaumes",
"translation": "to choose a color according to one's taste",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
20
]
],
"english": "to work according to one's (best) conscience",
"text": "strādāt pēc labākās sirdsapziņas",
"translation": "to work according to one's (best) conscience",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
28
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
32,
34
]
],
"english": "I sing in the pastures, because by tradition shepherds must sing",
"text": "ganos dziedāju, jo ganam pēc paraduma ir jādzied",
"translation": "I sing in the pastures, because by tradition shepherds must sing",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to indicate the way, the method, the example being followed; by, according to"
],
"id": "en-pēc-lv-prep-3501z7aG",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"indicate",
"indicate#English"
],
[
"way",
"way#English"
],
[
"method",
"method#English"
],
[
"example",
"example#English"
],
[
"be",
"be#English"
],
[
"follow",
"follow#English"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"according to",
"according to"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 12 12 10 10 10 10 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 15 10 14 4 14 9 9 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian prepositions with genitive",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
33,
37
]
],
"english": "in truth, he doesn't look at all like the director",
"text": "īstenība pēc direktora viņš nemaz neizskatās",
"translation": "in truth, he doesn't look at all like the director",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
15,
19
]
],
"english": "it smells here like smoke",
"text": "te ož pēc dūmiem",
"translation": "it smells here like smoke",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
22
],
[
43,
46
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
25,
29
],
[
55,
59
]
],
"english": "the plower's hands smell like earth, the sower's hands like grain",
"text": "arāja rokas smaržo pēc zemes, sējēja rokas pēc graudiem",
"translation": "the plower's hands smell like earth, the sower's hands like grain",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to indicate similarity; like, after"
],
"id": "en-pēc-lv-prep-BgZkYw84",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"indicate",
"indicate#English"
],
[
"similarity",
"similarity#English"
],
[
"like",
"like"
],
[
"after",
"after"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-genitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pɛː̂ts]"
}
],
"word": "pēc"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latvian adverbs",
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian prepositions",
"Latvian prepositions with genitive",
"Latvian words with broken intonation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_text": "As adverb (the nowadays more frequent prepositional use is a later development), pēc is the reflex of an earlier pēdis (“after(wards)”), still found dialectally and in folk songs, itself from *pēdies, an old instrumental plural form of pēds, a morphological variant of pēda (“foot sole; footprint”). The original meaning was therefore sequentiality, like footprints: “one after the other,” from which later “after that,” “after...”.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "adverb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "pēc",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pēc",
"name": "lv-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "after (something) happens, all (are) wise (= in hindsight, everything is obvious)",
"text": "pēc, kad noticis, visi gudri",
"translation": "after (something) happens, all (are) wise (= in hindsight, everything is obvious)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
43,
46
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
85,
90
]
],
"english": "the fresher, cooler the morning makes the dew, the clearer, brighter the day will be later",
"text": "jo dzestrāku rīts rasu audis, jo skaidrāka pēc diena būs",
"translation": "the fresher, cooler the morning makes the dew, the clearer, brighter the day will be later",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
38,
41
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
56,
61
]
],
"english": "we have to feed the visitor, too, so that she won't say later that we made her go on an empty stomach",
"text": "jāiet pamielot viešņa arī, lai nerunā pēc, ka mēs tai likuši aiziet tukšā dūšā",
"translation": "we have to feed the visitor, too, so that she won't say later that we made her go on an empty stomach",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"after, afterwards, later, later on (in a moment of time posterior to the reference time)"
],
"links": [
[
"after",
"after"
],
[
"afterwards",
"afterwards"
],
[
"later",
"later"
],
[
"later on",
"later on"
],
[
"moment",
"moment#English"
],
[
"time",
"time#English"
],
[
"posterior",
"posterior#English"
],
[
"reference",
"reference#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pɛː̂ts]"
}
],
"word": "pēc"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "pirms"
}
],
"categories": [
"Latvian adverbs",
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian prepositions",
"Latvian prepositions with genitive",
"Latvian words with broken intonation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pēckarš"
},
{
"word": "pēcpusdiena"
}
],
"etymology_text": "As adverb (the nowadays more frequent prepositional use is a later development), pēc is the reflex of an earlier pēdis (“after(wards)”), still found dialectally and in folk songs, itself from *pēdies, an old instrumental plural form of pēds, a morphological variant of pēda (“foot sole; footprint”). The original meaning was therefore sequentiality, like footprints: “one after the other,” from which later “after that,” “after...”.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "with genitive",
"4": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "pēc (with genitive)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "genitive"
},
"expansion": "pēc (with genitive)",
"name": "lv-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "after that",
"text": "pēc tam",
"translation": "after that",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "after a moment, mother came in",
"text": "pēc brīža istabā ienāca māte",
"translation": "after a moment, mother came in",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
3,
9
]
],
"english": "to arrive after, in two hours",
"text": "ierasties pēc divām stundām",
"translation": "to arrive after, in two hours",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
26,
31
]
],
"english": "the train leaves in (lit. after) an hour",
"text": "vilciens atiet pēc stundas",
"translation": "the train leaves in (lit. after) an hour",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "after work I go home",
"text": "pēc darba braucu uz mājām",
"translation": "after work I go home",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "after midnight a storm started",
"text": "pēc pusnakts sākās vētra",
"translation": "after midnight a storm started",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "after the rain, mushrooms grow well",
"text": "pēc lietus labi aug sēnes",
"translation": "after the rain, mushrooms grow well",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "after two months there will be a test",
"text": "pēc diviem mēnešiem būs pārbaudījumi",
"translation": "after two months there will be a test",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "after the concert there were discussions",
"text": "pēc koncerta notika pārrunas",
"translation": "after the concert there were discussions",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
26
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
20,
25
]
],
"english": "classes will resume after the break",
"text": "nodarbības turpināsies pēc pārtraukuma",
"translation": "classes will resume after the break",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"english": "day after day passes... and yet, no letters from (his) brother",
"text": "aizrit diena pēc dienas... bet vēstules no brāļa kā nav, tā nav",
"translation": "day after day passes... and yet, no letters from (his) brother",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to refer to a time posterior to a certain action or event; after, in"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"refer",
"refer#English"
],
[
"time",
"time#English"
],
[
"posterior",
"posterior#English"
],
[
"certain",
"certain#English"
],
[
"action",
"action#English"
],
[
"event",
"event#English"
],
[
"after",
"after"
],
[
"in",
"in"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "after two kilometers there will be a crossroads",
"text": "pēc diviem kilometriem būs krustceļš",
"translation": "after two kilometers there will be a crossroads",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "after a certain distance the (walking) traveler stopped",
"text": "pēc kāda gabala gājējs apstājās",
"translation": "after a certain distance the (walking) traveler stopped",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to refer to a place located further away than a certain reference point or distance; after"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"refer",
"refer#English"
],
[
"place",
"place#English"
],
[
"locate",
"locate#English"
],
[
"further",
"further#English"
],
[
"away",
"away#English"
],
[
"certain",
"certain#English"
],
[
"reference",
"reference#English"
],
[
"point",
"point#English"
],
[
"distance",
"distance#English"
],
[
"after",
"after"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
20
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
44,
49
]
],
"english": "to give to drink to everyone in a row (lit. after order, in order)",
"text": "dot dzert visiem pēc kārtas",
"translation": "to give to drink to everyone in a row (lit. after order, in order)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
43,
48
]
],
"english": "they drove the animals out of the barn one after the other",
"text": "lopus citu pēc cita izveda no kūts",
"translation": "they drove the animals out of the barn one after the other",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
77,
82
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
21,
26
]
],
"english": "they decided to rest after every five kilometers",
"text": "viņi nolēma atpūsties pēc katriem pieciem kilometriem",
"translation": "they decided to rest after every five kilometers",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in reference to a sequence in time or space; after, by"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"reference",
"reference#English"
],
[
"sequence",
"sequence#English"
],
[
"time",
"time#English"
],
[
"space",
"space#English"
],
[
"after",
"after"
],
[
"by",
"by"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
18,
21
],
[
23,
29
]
],
"english": "to go to the well for, to get water",
"text": "iet uz aku pēc ūdens",
"translation": "to go to the well for, to get water",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
21
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
18,
23
]
],
"english": "to go to the shop after bread",
"text": "aiziet uz veikalu pēc maizes",
"translation": "to go to the shop after bread",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
16
]
],
"english": "to reach out for a book",
"text": "sniegties pēc grāmatas",
"translation": "to reach out for a book",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
7,
10
]
],
"english": "to ask for the lady",
"text": "jautāt pēc saimnieces",
"translation": "to ask for the lady",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"english": "to shout for help",
"text": "kliegt pēc palīdzības",
"translation": "to shout for help",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
13
]
],
"english": "to strive for education",
"text": "censties pēc izglītības",
"translation": "to strive for education",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
13
]
],
"english": "to grieve for Rīga",
"text": "skumt pēc Rīgas",
"translation": "to grieve for Rīga",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
13
]
],
"english": "a longing for one's home(land)",
"text": "ilgas pēc dzimtenes",
"translation": "a longing for one's home(land)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
13
]
],
"english": "a craving for honey",
"text": "kāre pēc medus",
"translation": "a craving for honey",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
13
]
],
"english": "to crave (for) strawberries",
"text": "alkt pēc zemenēm",
"translation": "to crave (for) strawberries",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
36,
39
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
53,
56
]
],
"english": "“what is the oriole calling?” “the oriole is calling for rain”",
"text": "“ko tā vālodze sauc?” “vālodze sauc pēc lietus”",
"translation": "“what is the oriole calling?” “the oriole is calling for rain”",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to indicate the purpose or goal of an action; for, after, in order to get"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"indicate",
"indicate#English"
],
[
"purpose",
"purpose#English"
],
[
"goal",
"goal#English"
],
[
"action",
"action#English"
],
[
"for",
"for"
],
[
"after",
"after"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"get",
"get"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
15
]
],
"english": "for the sake of appearance, formatlity",
"text": "skata pēc",
"translation": "for the sake of appearance, formatlity",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
22
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
18
]
],
"english": "to sing because of boredom",
"text": "dziedāt gara laika pēc",
"translation": "to sing because of boredom",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
23
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
16,
19
]
],
"english": "to grow flowers for (their) beauty",
"text": "audzēt puķes košuma pēc",
"translation": "to grow flowers for (their) beauty",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
11
]
],
"english": "to work for (the benefit of) the children",
"text": "strādāt bērnu pēc",
"translation": "to work for (the benefit of) the children",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
15
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
20,
35
]
],
"english": "he said a few words for the sake of politeness",
"text": "pieklājības pēc viņš pateica dažus vārdus",
"translation": "he said a few words for the sake of politeness",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to indicate the cause or reason for something, the motive of an action; for, because of, for the sake of"
],
"links": [
[
"postnominal",
"postnominal"
],
[
"postposition",
"postposition"
],
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"indicate",
"indicate#English"
],
[
"cause",
"cause#English"
],
[
"reason",
"reason#English"
],
[
"motive",
"motive#English"
],
[
"action",
"action#English"
],
[
"for",
"for"
],
[
"because of",
"because of"
],
[
"for the sake of",
"for the sake of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(postnominally, as a postposition) used to indicate the cause or reason for something, the motive of an action; for, because of, for the sake of"
],
"raw_tags": [
"as a postposition"
],
"tags": [
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "by character a sociable person",
"text": "pēc rakstura saticīgs cilvēks",
"translation": "by character a sociable person",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
12
]
],
"english": "a chemist by training",
"text": "pēc izglītības ķīmiķis",
"translation": "a chemist by training",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
23
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
18,
20
]
],
"english": "to judge a person by his works",
"text": "spriest par cilvēku pēc viņa darbiem",
"translation": "to judge a person by his works",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
19
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
21,
23
]
],
"english": "to arrange the boxes by size",
"text": "sakārtot kastes pēc lieluma",
"translation": "to arrange the boxes by size",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
81,
93
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
31,
43
]
],
"english": "a classification of consonants according to the active organ of speech",
"text": "līdzskaņu klasifikācija pēc aktīvā runas orgāna",
"translation": "a classification of consonants according to the active organ of speech",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to indicate the basis, the grounds for something; by, according to"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"indicate",
"indicate#English"
],
[
"basis",
"basis#English"
],
[
"grounds",
"grounds#English"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"according to",
"according to"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
20
]
],
"english": "to work accroding to plan",
"text": "strādāt pēc plāna",
"translation": "to work accroding to plan",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
7,
9
],
[
11,
23
]
],
"english": "to act by, according to necessity",
"text": "rīkoties pēc vajadzības",
"translation": "to act by, according to necessity",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
17,
19
]
],
"english": "to draw a sketch by memory",
"text": "uzmest skici pēc atmiņas",
"translation": "to draw a sketch by memory",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
20
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
18,
30
]
],
"english": "to choose a color according to one's taste",
"text": "izvēlēties krāsu pēc savas gaumes",
"translation": "to choose a color according to one's taste",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
20
]
],
"english": "to work according to one's (best) conscience",
"text": "strādāt pēc labākās sirdsapziņas",
"translation": "to work according to one's (best) conscience",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
28
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
32,
34
]
],
"english": "I sing in the pastures, because by tradition shepherds must sing",
"text": "ganos dziedāju, jo ganam pēc paraduma ir jādzied",
"translation": "I sing in the pastures, because by tradition shepherds must sing",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to indicate the way, the method, the example being followed; by, according to"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"indicate",
"indicate#English"
],
[
"way",
"way#English"
],
[
"method",
"method#English"
],
[
"example",
"example#English"
],
[
"be",
"be#English"
],
[
"follow",
"follow#English"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"according to",
"according to"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
33,
37
]
],
"english": "in truth, he doesn't look at all like the director",
"text": "īstenība pēc direktora viņš nemaz neizskatās",
"translation": "in truth, he doesn't look at all like the director",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
15,
19
]
],
"english": "it smells here like smoke",
"text": "te ož pēc dūmiem",
"translation": "it smells here like smoke",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
22
],
[
43,
46
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
25,
29
],
[
55,
59
]
],
"english": "the plower's hands smell like earth, the sower's hands like grain",
"text": "arāja rokas smaržo pēc zemes, sējēja rokas pēc graudiem",
"translation": "the plower's hands smell like earth, the sower's hands like grain",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to indicate similarity; like, after"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"indicate",
"indicate#English"
],
[
"similarity",
"similarity#English"
],
[
"like",
"like"
],
[
"after",
"after"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-genitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pɛː̂ts]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "of \"for, because\"",
"word": "dēļ"
}
],
"word": "pēc"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pēc meaning in Latvian (18.3kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: postnominally, as a postposition",
"path": [
"pēc"
],
"section": "Latvian",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "pēc",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: postnominally, as a postposition",
"path": [
"pēc"
],
"section": "Latvian",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "pēc",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latvian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.