"laiva" meaning in Latvian

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
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        "2": "laĩvas"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian laĩvas",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "laĩvė"
      },
      "expansion": "laĩvė",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "laĩva"
      },
      "expansion": "laĩva",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "urj-fin-pro",
        "3": "*laiva"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Finnic *laiva",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "laiva"
      },
      "expansion": "Finnish laiva",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "et",
        "2": "laev"
      },
      "expansion": "Estonian laev",
      "name": "cog"
    },
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      "args": {
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        "2": "loja",
        "3": "lōja"
      },
      "expansion": "Livonian lōja",
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    },
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      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
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      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *flawją",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "fley"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse fley",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bat-pro",
        "3": "*leiw-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Baltic *leiw-",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "*laiw-"
      },
      "expansion": "*laiw-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ley-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ley-",
      "name": "uder"
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    {
      "args": {
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      },
      "expansion": "*el-ey",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*Heh₃l-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bend, to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "*Heh₃l- (“to bend, to turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Cognates include Lithuanian laĩvas, dialectal laĩvė, archaic laĩva. The relationship by borrowing to Proto-Finnic *laiva (Finnish laiva “ship; nave”, Estonian laev, Livonian lōja) is also undisputed, leaving the question of which family had the word first. It is now identified as a borrowing from Proto-Germanic *flawją (cf. Old Norse fley “boat,” “raft”) into Finnic and thence Baltic, showing the Finnic sound law *vj > jv established by Koivulehto (1970). Earlier, a Baltic inherited origin had been sought. Karulis took the word to be perhaps originally used by Curonian fishermen and later spread to all the Eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, and offered the internal etymology Proto-Baltic *leiw-, *laiw-, from Proto-Indo-European *ley- with an extra -w, from *el-ey, from *Heh₃l- (“to bend, to turn”); this theory would make the original meaning “bent, concave (object).”",
  "forms": [
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      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
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    {
      "form": "lv-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
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        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "4th declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laiva",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laivas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laivu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laivas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laivas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laivu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laivai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laivām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laivu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laivām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laivā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laivās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laiva",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laivas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
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        "2": "noun",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "laiva f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "4th"
      },
      "expansion": "laiva f (4th declension)",
      "name": "lv-noun"
    }
  ],
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      "args": {
        "1": "laiv",
        "2": "a",
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        "extrawidth": "-60"
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      "name": "lv-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "laiv",
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        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "drop-v": "",
        "keep-s": "",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-4"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "laiva",
        "10": "laivām",
        "11": "laivā",
        "12": "laivās",
        "13": "laiva",
        "14": "laivas",
        "16": "",
        "2": "laivas",
        "3": "laivu",
        "4": "laivas",
        "5": "laivas",
        "6": "laivu",
        "7": "laivai",
        "8": "laivām",
        "9": "laivu",
        "type": "4th declension",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
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          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
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        },
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          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian undefined derivations",
          "parents": [
            "Undefined derivations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian words with level intonation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Nautical",
          "orig": "lv:Nautical",
          "parents": [
            "Transport",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Vehicles",
          "orig": "lv:Vehicles",
          "parents": [
            "Machines",
            "Transport",
            "Technology",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Watercraft",
          "orig": "lv:Watercraft",
          "parents": [
            "Nautical",
            "Vehicles",
            "Transport",
            "Machines",
            "All topics",
            "Technology",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "laivinieks"
        },
        {
          "word": "laiviniece"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "sailboat",
          "text": "buru laiva",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "airu laiva ― rowboat",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "fishing boat",
          "text": "zvejas laiva",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "rescue boat, lifeboat",
          "text": "glābšanas laiva",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "racing boat",
          "text": "sacīkšu laiva",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "laivu stacija ― boathouse",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to go by boat, to ride a boat",
          "text": "braukt ar laivu",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to go for a boat ride on the lake",
          "text": "vizināties, braukt ar laivu pa ezeru",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "letting go of the oar, I leaned over the boat edge and began to pluck the aquatic plants",
          "text": "nolicis airi, noliecos pār laivas malu un sāku raut ūdens augus",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "boat (small vehicle for transporting people, goods, etc. on water)"
      ],
      "id": "en-laiva-lv-noun-L0ecR8co",
      "links": [
        [
          "boat",
          "boat"
        ],
        [
          "small",
          "small#English"
        ],
        [
          "vehicle",
          "vehicle#English"
        ],
        [
          "transport",
          "transport#English"
        ],
        [
          "people",
          "people#English"
        ],
        [
          "good",
          "good#English"
        ],
        [
          "etc.",
          "etc.#English"
        ],
        [
          "water",
          "water#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-4",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "lv:laiva"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[lāīva]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "lv-riga-laiva.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/Lv-riga-laiva.ogg/Lv-riga-laiva.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Lv-riga-laiva.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "laiva"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "laivinieks"
    },
    {
      "word": "laiviniece"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "laĩvas"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian laĩvas",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "laĩvė"
      },
      "expansion": "laĩvė",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "laĩva"
      },
      "expansion": "laĩva",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "urj-fin-pro",
        "3": "*laiva"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Finnic *laiva",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "laiva"
      },
      "expansion": "Finnish laiva",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "et",
        "2": "laev"
      },
      "expansion": "Estonian laev",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "loja",
        "3": "lōja"
      },
      "expansion": "Livonian lōja",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*flawją"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *flawją",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "fley"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse fley",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bat-pro",
        "3": "*leiw-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Baltic *leiw-",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "*laiw-"
      },
      "expansion": "*laiw-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ley-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ley-",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*el-ey"
      },
      "expansion": "*el-ey",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*Heh₃l-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bend, to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "*Heh₃l- (“to bend, to turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Cognates include Lithuanian laĩvas, dialectal laĩvė, archaic laĩva. The relationship by borrowing to Proto-Finnic *laiva (Finnish laiva “ship; nave”, Estonian laev, Livonian lōja) is also undisputed, leaving the question of which family had the word first. It is now identified as a borrowing from Proto-Germanic *flawją (cf. Old Norse fley “boat,” “raft”) into Finnic and thence Baltic, showing the Finnic sound law *vj > jv established by Koivulehto (1970). Earlier, a Baltic inherited origin had been sought. Karulis took the word to be perhaps originally used by Curonian fishermen and later spread to all the Eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, and offered the internal etymology Proto-Baltic *leiw-, *laiw-, from Proto-Indo-European *ley- with an extra -w, from *el-ey, from *Heh₃l- (“to bend, to turn”); this theory would make the original meaning “bent, concave (object).”",
  "forms": [
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      "form": "declension-4",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "4th declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laiva",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laivas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laivu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laivas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laivas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laivu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laivai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laivām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laivu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laivām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laivā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laivās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laiva",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "laivas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "laiva f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "4th"
      },
      "expansion": "laiva f (4th declension)",
      "name": "lv-noun"
    }
  ],
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "laiv",
        "2": "a",
        "3": "4th",
        "extrawidth": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "laiv",
        "2": "a",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "drop-v": "",
        "keep-s": "",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-4"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "laiva",
        "10": "laivām",
        "11": "laivā",
        "12": "laivās",
        "13": "laiva",
        "14": "laivas",
        "16": "",
        "2": "laivas",
        "3": "laivu",
        "4": "laivas",
        "5": "laivas",
        "6": "laivu",
        "7": "laivai",
        "8": "laivām",
        "9": "laivu",
        "type": "4th declension",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup",
        "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
        "Latvian feminine nouns",
        "Latvian fourth declension nouns",
        "Latvian lemmas",
        "Latvian nouns",
        "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
        "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
        "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Latvian terms with audio links",
        "Latvian terms with usage examples",
        "Latvian undefined derivations",
        "Latvian words with level intonation",
        "lv:Nautical",
        "lv:Vehicles",
        "lv:Watercraft"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "sailboat",
          "text": "buru laiva",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "airu laiva ― rowboat",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "fishing boat",
          "text": "zvejas laiva",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "rescue boat, lifeboat",
          "text": "glābšanas laiva",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "racing boat",
          "text": "sacīkšu laiva",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "laivu stacija ― boathouse",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to go by boat, to ride a boat",
          "text": "braukt ar laivu",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to go for a boat ride on the lake",
          "text": "vizināties, braukt ar laivu pa ezeru",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "letting go of the oar, I leaned over the boat edge and began to pluck the aquatic plants",
          "text": "nolicis airi, noliecos pār laivas malu un sāku raut ūdens augus",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "boat (small vehicle for transporting people, goods, etc. on water)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "boat",
          "boat"
        ],
        [
          "small",
          "small#English"
        ],
        [
          "vehicle",
          "vehicle#English"
        ],
        [
          "transport",
          "transport#English"
        ],
        [
          "people",
          "people#English"
        ],
        [
          "good",
          "good#English"
        ],
        [
          "etc.",
          "etc.#English"
        ],
        [
          "water",
          "water#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-4",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "lv:laiva"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[lāīva]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "lv-riga-laiva.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/Lv-riga-laiva.ogg/Lv-riga-laiva.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Lv-riga-laiva.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "laiva"
}