See kamanas in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"args": {
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"2": "𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃",
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"4": "sky, firmament"
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"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 (himins, “sky, firmament”)",
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},
"expansion": "German Himmel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hemel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch hemel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tg",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Tajik",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A vowel assimilation assimilation (e to a) variant of an old en-stem word — with an extra final -e — kamene “spruce or oak bark,” figuratively also “sleigh” (in the plural kamenes, apparently because in ancient times heavy loads were transported over peeled-off tree bark as if over runners), from Proto-Baltic *kam-, from the ablauted form *kom- of Proto-Indo-European *kem- “to squeeze, to compress,” therefore also “bent, round” (whence Latvian dialectal čems, kams). Cognates include Lithuanian kamíenas, kamė́nas (“tree trunk”), kãmanos (“bridle”), Czech kmen (“stem, trunk”), Polish kien (“stump, bar, log”), Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 (himins, “sky, firmament”), Old Norse himenn, German Himmel, Dutch hemel, Tajik dialectal kamali (“sleigh runners”).",
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{
"form": "4th declension",
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"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "kamanas",
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"tags": [
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},
{
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"tags": [
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{
"form": "kamanas",
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},
{
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{
"form": "kamanu",
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]
},
{
"form": "-",
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"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "kamanām",
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},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "kamanām",
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},
{
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{
"form": "kamanās",
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{
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},
{
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"expansion": "kamanas f (4th declension)",
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{
"args": {
"1": "kaman",
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"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
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{
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"1": "-",
"10": "kamanām",
"11": "-",
"12": "kamanās",
"13": "-",
"14": "kamanas",
"16": "",
"2": "kamanas",
"3": "-",
"4": "kamanas",
"5": "-",
"6": "kamanu",
"7": "-",
"8": "kamanām",
"9": "-",
"type": "4th declension",
"x": "0"
},
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"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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{
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"Transport",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
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}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kamaniņas"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to harness (a horse) to (lit. in) a sleigh",
"text": "jūgt kamanās",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to go by, on (a) sleigh",
"text": "braukt ar kamanām",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to ride a sleigh",
"text": "braukt kamanās",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(rein)deer sleigh",
"text": "briežu kamanas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "dog sled",
"text": "suņu kamanas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "sleigh blanket",
"text": "kamanu sega",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the snow crunched under the sleigh runners",
"text": "zem kamanu sliecēm gurkstēja sniegs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the driver and police agent Kaņeps jumped out of the sleigh",
"text": "vedējs un milicis Kaņeps izlēca no kamanām",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sleigh (vehicle on runners pulled by animals over snow or ice)"
],
"id": "en-kamanas-lv-noun-qlpI320E",
"links": [
[
"sleigh",
"sleigh"
],
[
"vehicle",
"vehicle#English"
],
[
"runner",
"runner#English"
],
[
"pull",
"pull#English"
],
[
"animal",
"animal#English"
],
[
"snow",
"snow#English"
],
[
"ice",
"ice#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(only plural) sleigh (vehicle on runners pulled by animals over snow or ice)"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "ragavas"
},
{
"word": "ragaviņas"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "lv-riga-kamanas.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/Lv-riga-kamanas.ogg/Lv-riga-kamanas.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Lv-riga-kamanas.ogg"
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"word": "kamanas"
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{
"derived": [
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"word": "kamaniņas"
}
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"name": "der"
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{
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},
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"name": "cog"
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{
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"3": "kamíenas"
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"expansion": "Lithuanian kamíenas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "kmen",
"3": "",
"4": "stem, trunk"
},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kien",
"3": "",
"4": "stump, bar, log"
},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃",
"3": "",
"4": "sky, firmament"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 (himins, “sky, firmament”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "himenn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse himenn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Himmel"
},
"expansion": "German Himmel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hemel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch hemel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tg",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Tajik",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A vowel assimilation assimilation (e to a) variant of an old en-stem word — with an extra final -e — kamene “spruce or oak bark,” figuratively also “sleigh” (in the plural kamenes, apparently because in ancient times heavy loads were transported over peeled-off tree bark as if over runners), from Proto-Baltic *kam-, from the ablauted form *kom- of Proto-Indo-European *kem- “to squeeze, to compress,” therefore also “bent, round” (whence Latvian dialectal čems, kams). Cognates include Lithuanian kamíenas, kamė́nas (“tree trunk”), kãmanos (“bridle”), Czech kmen (“stem, trunk”), Polish kien (“stump, bar, log”), Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 (himins, “sky, firmament”), Old Norse himenn, German Himmel, Dutch hemel, Tajik dialectal kamali (“sleigh runners”).",
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"source": "declension",
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"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "4th declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kamanas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kamanas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kamanu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kamanām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
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{
"form": "kamanām",
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},
{
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{
"form": "kamanās",
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"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "-",
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"tags": [
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{
"form": "kamanas",
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},
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},
"expansion": "kamanas f (4th declension)",
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],
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"1": "kaman",
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},
{
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"1": "-",
"10": "kamanām",
"11": "-",
"12": "kamanās",
"13": "-",
"14": "kamanas",
"16": "",
"2": "kamanas",
"3": "-",
"4": "kamanas",
"5": "-",
"6": "kamanu",
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"9": "-",
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"x": "0"
},
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],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
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"word": "ragavas"
},
{
"word": "ragaviņas"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian feminine nouns",
"Latvian fourth declension nouns",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian noun forms",
"Latvian nouns",
"Latvian pluralia tantum",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian terms with usage examples",
"Lithuanian links with redundant target parameters",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"lv:Vehicles"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to harness (a horse) to (lit. in) a sleigh",
"text": "jūgt kamanās",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to go by, on (a) sleigh",
"text": "braukt ar kamanām",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to ride a sleigh",
"text": "braukt kamanās",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(rein)deer sleigh",
"text": "briežu kamanas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "dog sled",
"text": "suņu kamanas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "sleigh blanket",
"text": "kamanu sega",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the snow crunched under the sleigh runners",
"text": "zem kamanu sliecēm gurkstēja sniegs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the driver and police agent Kaņeps jumped out of the sleigh",
"text": "vedējs un milicis Kaņeps izlēca no kamanām",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sleigh (vehicle on runners pulled by animals over snow or ice)"
],
"links": [
[
"sleigh",
"sleigh"
],
[
"vehicle",
"vehicle#English"
],
[
"runner",
"runner#English"
],
[
"pull",
"pull#English"
],
[
"animal",
"animal#English"
],
[
"snow",
"snow#English"
],
[
"ice",
"ice#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(only plural) sleigh (vehicle on runners pulled by animals over snow or ice)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "lv-riga-kamanas.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/Lv-riga-kamanas.ogg/Lv-riga-kamanas.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Lv-riga-kamanas.ogg"
}
],
"word": "kamanas"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kamanas meaning in Latvian (6.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latvian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (4ba5975 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.