"kamanas" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "kamene"
      },
      "expansion": "kamene",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "kamenes"
      },
      "expansion": "kamenes",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bat-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Baltic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "*kam-"
      },
      "expansion": "*kam-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*kom-"
      },
      "expansion": "*kom-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kem-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kem-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "čems"
      },
      "expansion": "čems",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "kams"
      },
      "expansion": "kams",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "kamienas",
        "3": "kamíenas"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian kamíenas",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "kamėnas",
        "3": "kamė́nas",
        "4": "tree trunk"
      },
      "expansion": "kamė́nas (“tree trunk”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "kãmanos",
        "3": "",
        "4": "bridle"
      },
      "expansion": "kãmanos (“bridle”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "kmen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "stem, trunk"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech kmen (“stem, trunk”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "kien",
        "3": "",
        "4": "stump, bar, log"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish kien (“stump, bar, log”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sky, firmament"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 (himins, “sky, firmament”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "himenn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse himenn",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Himmel"
      },
      "expansion": "German Himmel",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "hemel"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch hemel",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tg",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Tajik",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tg",
        "2": "kamali",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sleigh runners"
      },
      "expansion": "kamali (“sleigh runners”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "A vowel assimilation assimilation (e to a) variant of an old en-stem word — with an extra final -e — kamene “spruce or oak bark,” figuratively also “sleigh” (in the plural kamenes, apparently because in ancient times heavy loads were transported over peeled-off tree bark as if over runners), from Proto-Baltic *kam-, from the ablauted form *kom- of Proto-Indo-European *kem- “to squeeze, to compress,” therefore also “bent, round” (whence Latvian dialectal čems, kams). Cognates include Lithuanian kamíenas, kamė́nas (“tree trunk”), kãmanos (“bridle”), Czech kmen (“stem, trunk”), Polish kien (“stump, bar, log”), Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 (himins, “sky, firmament”), Old Norse himenn, German Himmel, Dutch hemel, Tajik dialectal kamali (“sleigh runners”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "declension-4",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "4th declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kamanas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kamanas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kamanu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kamanām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kamanām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kamanās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kamanas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "kamanas f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "4th"
      },
      "expansion": "kamanas f (4th declension)",
      "name": "lv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kaman",
        "2": "a",
        "3": "4th",
        "4": "no-sg"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kaman",
        "2": "a",
        "4": "no-sg",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "drop-v": "",
        "keep-s": "",
        "x": "0"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-4"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "10": "kamanām",
        "11": "-",
        "12": "kamanās",
        "13": "-",
        "14": "kamanas",
        "16": "",
        "2": "kamanas",
        "3": "-",
        "4": "kamanas",
        "5": "-",
        "6": "kamanu",
        "7": "-",
        "8": "kamanām",
        "9": "-",
        "type": "4th declension",
        "x": "0"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian pluralia tantum",
          "parents": [
            "Pluralia tantum",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Lithuanian links with redundant target parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant target parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Vehicles",
          "orig": "lv:Vehicles",
          "parents": [
            "Machines",
            "Transport",
            "Technology",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "kamaniņas"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to harness (a horse) to (lit. in) a sleigh",
          "text": "jūgt kamanās",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to go by, on (a) sleigh",
          "text": "braukt ar kamanām",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to ride a sleigh",
          "text": "braukt kamanās",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "(rein)deer sleigh",
          "text": "briežu kamanas",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "dog sled",
          "text": "suņu kamanas",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "sleigh blanket",
          "text": "kamanu sega",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the snow crunched under the sleigh runners",
          "text": "zem kamanu sliecēm gurkstēja sniegs",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "vedējs un milicis Kaņeps izlēca no kamanām ― the driver and police agent Kaņeps jumped out of the sleigh",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sleigh (vehicle on runners pulled by animals over snow or ice)"
      ],
      "id": "en-kamanas-lv-noun-qlpI320E",
      "links": [
        [
          "sleigh",
          "sleigh"
        ],
        [
          "vehicle",
          "vehicle#English"
        ],
        [
          "runner",
          "runner#English"
        ],
        [
          "pull",
          "pull#English"
        ],
        [
          "animal",
          "animal#English"
        ],
        [
          "snow",
          "snow#English"
        ],
        [
          "ice",
          "ice#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(only plural) sleigh (vehicle on runners pulled by animals over snow or ice)"
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "ragavas"
        },
        {
          "word": "ragaviņas"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-4",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kamanas"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "kamaniņas"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "kamene"
      },
      "expansion": "kamene",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "kamenes"
      },
      "expansion": "kamenes",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bat-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Baltic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "*kam-"
      },
      "expansion": "*kam-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*kom-"
      },
      "expansion": "*kom-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kem-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kem-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "čems"
      },
      "expansion": "čems",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "kams"
      },
      "expansion": "kams",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "kamienas",
        "3": "kamíenas"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian kamíenas",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "kamėnas",
        "3": "kamė́nas",
        "4": "tree trunk"
      },
      "expansion": "kamė́nas (“tree trunk”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "kãmanos",
        "3": "",
        "4": "bridle"
      },
      "expansion": "kãmanos (“bridle”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "kmen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "stem, trunk"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech kmen (“stem, trunk”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "kien",
        "3": "",
        "4": "stump, bar, log"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish kien (“stump, bar, log”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sky, firmament"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 (himins, “sky, firmament”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "himenn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse himenn",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Himmel"
      },
      "expansion": "German Himmel",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "hemel"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch hemel",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tg",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Tajik",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tg",
        "2": "kamali",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sleigh runners"
      },
      "expansion": "kamali (“sleigh runners”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "A vowel assimilation assimilation (e to a) variant of an old en-stem word — with an extra final -e — kamene “spruce or oak bark,” figuratively also “sleigh” (in the plural kamenes, apparently because in ancient times heavy loads were transported over peeled-off tree bark as if over runners), from Proto-Baltic *kam-, from the ablauted form *kom- of Proto-Indo-European *kem- “to squeeze, to compress,” therefore also “bent, round” (whence Latvian dialectal čems, kams). Cognates include Lithuanian kamíenas, kamė́nas (“tree trunk”), kãmanos (“bridle”), Czech kmen (“stem, trunk”), Polish kien (“stump, bar, log”), Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 (himins, “sky, firmament”), Old Norse himenn, German Himmel, Dutch hemel, Tajik dialectal kamali (“sleigh runners”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "declension-4",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "4th declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kamanas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kamanas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kamanu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kamanām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kamanām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kamanās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kamanas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "kamanas f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "4th"
      },
      "expansion": "kamanas f (4th declension)",
      "name": "lv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kaman",
        "2": "a",
        "3": "4th",
        "4": "no-sg"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kaman",
        "2": "a",
        "4": "no-sg",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "drop-v": "",
        "keep-s": "",
        "x": "0"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-4"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "10": "kamanām",
        "11": "-",
        "12": "kamanās",
        "13": "-",
        "14": "kamanas",
        "16": "",
        "2": "kamanas",
        "3": "-",
        "4": "kamanas",
        "5": "-",
        "6": "kamanu",
        "7": "-",
        "8": "kamanām",
        "9": "-",
        "type": "4th declension",
        "x": "0"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "ragavas"
    },
    {
      "word": "ragaviņas"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup",
        "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
        "Latvian feminine nouns",
        "Latvian fourth declension nouns",
        "Latvian lemmas",
        "Latvian noun forms",
        "Latvian nouns",
        "Latvian pluralia tantum",
        "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
        "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Latvian terms with audio links",
        "Latvian terms with usage examples",
        "Lithuanian links with redundant target parameters",
        "lv:Vehicles"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to harness (a horse) to (lit. in) a sleigh",
          "text": "jūgt kamanās",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to go by, on (a) sleigh",
          "text": "braukt ar kamanām",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to ride a sleigh",
          "text": "braukt kamanās",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "(rein)deer sleigh",
          "text": "briežu kamanas",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "dog sled",
          "text": "suņu kamanas",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "sleigh blanket",
          "text": "kamanu sega",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the snow crunched under the sleigh runners",
          "text": "zem kamanu sliecēm gurkstēja sniegs",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "vedējs un milicis Kaņeps izlēca no kamanām ― the driver and police agent Kaņeps jumped out of the sleigh",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sleigh (vehicle on runners pulled by animals over snow or ice)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sleigh",
          "sleigh"
        ],
        [
          "vehicle",
          "vehicle#English"
        ],
        [
          "runner",
          "runner#English"
        ],
        [
          "pull",
          "pull#English"
        ],
        [
          "animal",
          "animal#English"
        ],
        [
          "snow",
          "snow#English"
        ],
        [
          "ice",
          "ice#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(only plural) sleigh (vehicle on runners pulled by animals over snow or ice)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-4",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kamanas"
}