See kalps in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "orv",
"3": "холопъ",
"4": "",
"5": "serf, slave"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic холопъ (xolopŭ, “serf, slave”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "холоп"
},
"expansion": "Russian холоп (xolop)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kel-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kel-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old East Slavic холопъ (xolopŭ, “serf, slave”) (cf. Russian холоп (xolop)), itself a borrowing from Turkic (or, according to some researchers, a native word, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kel-, *skel- “offshoot, seedlings, stem”). The borrowing must have happened by the 13th century at the latest; the first mentions of this word are in 17th-century dictionaries.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal̃ps",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "kalpone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kalps",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalpi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalpa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalpu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalpam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalpiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalpu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalpus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalpu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalpiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalpā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalpos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalp",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kalpi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "kal̃ps",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "kal̃ps m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "1st",
"fem": "kalpone",
"head": "kal̃ps"
},
"expansion": "kal̃ps m (1st declension, feminine form: kalpone)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kalp",
"2": "s",
"3": "1st",
"extrawidth": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kalp",
"2": "s",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-1"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kalps",
"10": "kalpiem",
"11": "kalpā",
"12": "kalpos",
"13": "kalp",
"14": "kalpi",
"2": "kalpi",
"3": "kalpu",
"4": "kalpus",
"5": "kalpa",
"6": "kalpu",
"7": "kalpam",
"8": "kalpiem",
"9": "kalpu",
"type": "1st",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kalpot"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 37 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
21
]
],
"english": "to work as a farmhand",
"text": "strādāt par kalpu",
"translation": "to work as a farmhand",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
21
]
],
"english": "the mannor's laborers",
"text": "muižas kalpi",
"translation": "the mannor's laborers",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
24,
30
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
31,
39
]
],
"english": "to accept, to dismiss, to hire servants",
"text": "pieņemt, atlaist, algot kalpus",
"translation": "to accept, to dismiss, to hire servants",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
12
]
],
"english": "the servants' barn (= house)",
"text": "kalpu klēts",
"translation": "the servants' barn (= house)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
19,
27
]
],
"english": "farm workers (lit. farmhand people)",
"text": "kalpa ļaudis",
"translation": "farm workers (lit. farmhand people)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
22
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
16,
23
]
],
"english": "like lord, like servant (folk saying)",
"text": "kāds kungs, tāds kalps",
"translation": "like lord, like servant (folk saying)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
108,
117
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"english": "farmhands were rural workers who were hired to work for a farmer for wages (paid in grain, later also partially in money)",
"text": "kalpi bija laukstrādnieki, kas salīguši strādāt pie saimniekiem par algu (graudā, vēlāk arī daļēji naudā)",
"translation": "farmhands were rural workers who were hired to work for a farmer for wages (paid in grain, later also partially in money)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"farmhand, farm laborer, servant (a paid worker in a farm)"
],
"id": "en-kalps-lv-noun-zMWIhbs-",
"links": [
[
"farmhand",
"farmhand"
],
[
"farm",
"farm"
],
[
"laborer",
"laborer"
],
[
"servant",
"servant"
],
[
"paid",
"paid#English"
],
[
"worker",
"worker#English"
],
[
"farm",
"farm#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 37 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 54 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 63 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with level intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
24
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
19,
26
]
],
"english": "a congressman is a servant of the people",
"text": "deputāts ir tautas kalps",
"translation": "a congressman is a servant of the people",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
2,
9
]
],
"english": "a servant of god (e.g., a priest)",
"text": "dieva kalps",
"translation": "a servant of god (e.g., a priest)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"english": "servants of darkness",
"text": "tumsas kalpi",
"translation": "servants of darkness",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"servant (a person who works for some interest or cause)"
],
"id": "en-kalps-lv-noun-bhluZ2LR",
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
],
[
"person",
"person#English"
],
[
"work",
"work#English"
],
[
"interest",
"interest#English"
],
[
"cause",
"cause#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) servant (a person who works for some interest or cause)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Card games",
"orig": "lv:Card games",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "27 37 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 15 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 12 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 87",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Card games",
"orig": "lv:Card games",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
8
]
],
"english": "the jack of spades",
"text": "pīķa kalps",
"translation": "the jack of spades",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
82,
87
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
88,
92
]
],
"english": "the captain began to deal the cards, and Vilks distractedly took them... there were one jack and three queens",
"text": "kapteinis sāka dalīt kārtis, un Vilks izklaidīgi ņēma tās pretī... tur bija viens kalps un trīs dāmas",
"translation": "the captain began to deal the cards, and Vilks distractedly took them... there were one jack and three queens",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"jack, knave (the card between 10 and queen, with the image of a young man)"
],
"id": "en-kalps-lv-noun-P7QWCV94",
"links": [
[
"card game",
"card game"
],
[
"jack",
"jack"
],
[
"knave",
"knave"
],
[
"card",
"card#English"
],
[
"10",
"10#English"
],
[
"queen",
"queen#English"
],
[
"image",
"image#English"
],
[
"young man",
"young man#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(card games) jack, knave (the card between 10 and queen, with the image of a young man)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"card-games",
"games"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkālps]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-kalps.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/Lv-riga-kalps.ogg/Lv-riga-kalps.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Lv-riga-kalps.ogg"
}
],
"word": "kalps"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian first declension nouns",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian masculine nouns",
"Latvian nouns",
"Latvian terms borrowed from Old East Slavic",
"Latvian terms derived from Old East Slavic",
"Latvian words with level intonation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"lv:Card games"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "orv",
"3": "холопъ",
"4": "",
"5": "serf, slave"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic холопъ (xolopŭ, “serf, slave”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "холоп"
},
"expansion": "Russian холоп (xolop)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kel-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kel-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old East Slavic холопъ (xolopŭ, “serf, slave”) (cf. Russian холоп (xolop)), itself a borrowing from Turkic (or, according to some researchers, a native word, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kel-, *skel- “offshoot, seedlings, stem”). The borrowing must have happened by the 13th century at the latest; the first mentions of this word are in 17th-century dictionaries.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal̃ps",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "kalpone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kalps",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalpi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalpa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalpu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalpam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalpiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalpu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalpus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalpu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalpiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalpā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalpos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalp",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kalpi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "kal̃ps",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "kal̃ps m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "1st",
"fem": "kalpone",
"head": "kal̃ps"
},
"expansion": "kal̃ps m (1st declension, feminine form: kalpone)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kalp",
"2": "s",
"3": "1st",
"extrawidth": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kalp",
"2": "s",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-1"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kalps",
"10": "kalpiem",
"11": "kalpā",
"12": "kalpos",
"13": "kalp",
"14": "kalpi",
"2": "kalpi",
"3": "kalpu",
"4": "kalpus",
"5": "kalpa",
"6": "kalpu",
"7": "kalpam",
"8": "kalpiem",
"9": "kalpu",
"type": "1st",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "kalpot"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
21
]
],
"english": "to work as a farmhand",
"text": "strādāt par kalpu",
"translation": "to work as a farmhand",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
21
]
],
"english": "the mannor's laborers",
"text": "muižas kalpi",
"translation": "the mannor's laborers",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
24,
30
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
31,
39
]
],
"english": "to accept, to dismiss, to hire servants",
"text": "pieņemt, atlaist, algot kalpus",
"translation": "to accept, to dismiss, to hire servants",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
12
]
],
"english": "the servants' barn (= house)",
"text": "kalpu klēts",
"translation": "the servants' barn (= house)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
19,
27
]
],
"english": "farm workers (lit. farmhand people)",
"text": "kalpa ļaudis",
"translation": "farm workers (lit. farmhand people)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
22
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
16,
23
]
],
"english": "like lord, like servant (folk saying)",
"text": "kāds kungs, tāds kalps",
"translation": "like lord, like servant (folk saying)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
108,
117
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"english": "farmhands were rural workers who were hired to work for a farmer for wages (paid in grain, later also partially in money)",
"text": "kalpi bija laukstrādnieki, kas salīguši strādāt pie saimniekiem par algu (graudā, vēlāk arī daļēji naudā)",
"translation": "farmhands were rural workers who were hired to work for a farmer for wages (paid in grain, later also partially in money)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"farmhand, farm laborer, servant (a paid worker in a farm)"
],
"links": [
[
"farmhand",
"farmhand"
],
[
"farm",
"farm"
],
[
"laborer",
"laborer"
],
[
"servant",
"servant"
],
[
"paid",
"paid#English"
],
[
"worker",
"worker#English"
],
[
"farm",
"farm#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
24
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
19,
26
]
],
"english": "a congressman is a servant of the people",
"text": "deputāts ir tautas kalps",
"translation": "a congressman is a servant of the people",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
2,
9
]
],
"english": "a servant of god (e.g., a priest)",
"text": "dieva kalps",
"translation": "a servant of god (e.g., a priest)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"english": "servants of darkness",
"text": "tumsas kalpi",
"translation": "servants of darkness",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"servant (a person who works for some interest or cause)"
],
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
],
[
"person",
"person#English"
],
[
"work",
"work#English"
],
[
"interest",
"interest#English"
],
[
"cause",
"cause#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) servant (a person who works for some interest or cause)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples",
"lv:Card games"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
8
]
],
"english": "the jack of spades",
"text": "pīķa kalps",
"translation": "the jack of spades",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
82,
87
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
88,
92
]
],
"english": "the captain began to deal the cards, and Vilks distractedly took them... there were one jack and three queens",
"text": "kapteinis sāka dalīt kārtis, un Vilks izklaidīgi ņēma tās pretī... tur bija viens kalps un trīs dāmas",
"translation": "the captain began to deal the cards, and Vilks distractedly took them... there were one jack and three queens",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"jack, knave (the card between 10 and queen, with the image of a young man)"
],
"links": [
[
"card game",
"card game"
],
[
"jack",
"jack"
],
[
"knave",
"knave"
],
[
"card",
"card#English"
],
[
"10",
"10#English"
],
[
"queen",
"queen#English"
],
[
"image",
"image#English"
],
[
"young man",
"young man#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(card games) jack, knave (the card between 10 and queen, with the image of a young man)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"card-games",
"games"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkālps]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-kalps.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/Lv-riga-kalps.ogg/Lv-riga-kalps.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Lv-riga-kalps.ogg"
}
],
"word": "kalps"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kalps meaning in Latvian (8.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latvian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.