"šķīsts" meaning in Latvian

See šķīsts in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: [ʃcîːsts]
Etymology: From the verb šķīst (“to become liquid; to melt; to dissolve; to disintegrate”), earlier meaning “to clean” (q.v.), of which it was originally the past participle; this verb, in turn, comes from *skīsti, from *skid-ti, from Proto-Baltic *skeyd, *skīd-, *skid-, possibly from a kʷʰ-initial phonological variant of Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰéy- (“clear, light, shiny”) with an extra d (the initial s being probably an s-mobile); the meaning evolved from “clear” to “liquid” (via “clean”). Some researchers suggest a different source: Proto-Indo-European *skey-, *skēy- (“to cut, to split”) with an extra -d; in this case, the semantic evolution would have been “to cut, to split” > “to move quickly in all directions” > “to splash” > “to be (like) a liquid” (whence “clear, clean”). Cognates include Lithuanian skýstas (“thin”) (of liquids), Old Prussian skijstan (“clean”) (accusative), Proto-Slavic *čistъ (“clean, pure”) (Russian чи́стый (čístyj), Ukrainian чи́стий (čýstyj), Bulgarian чист (čist), Czech čistý, Polish czysty). Etymology templates: {{m|lv|šķīst||to become liquid; to melt; to dissolve; to disintegrate}} šķīst (“to become liquid; to melt; to dissolve; to disintegrate”), {{m|lv|*skīsti}} *skīsti, {{m|lv|*skid-ti}} *skid-ti, {{uder|lv|bat-pro|*skeyd}} Proto-Baltic *skeyd, {{m|ine-bsl-pro|*skīd-}} *skīd-, {{m|ine-bsl-pro|*skid-}} *skid-, {{uder|lv|ine-pro|*gʷʰéy-||clear, light, shiny}} Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰéy- (“clear, light, shiny”), {{cog|ine-pro|*skey-}} Proto-Indo-European *skey-, {{m|ine-pro|*skēy-||to cut, to split}} *skēy- (“to cut, to split”), {{cog|lt|skýstas||thin}} Lithuanian skýstas (“thin”), {{cog|prg|skijstan||clean}} Old Prussian skijstan (“clean”), {{cog|sla-pro|*čistъ||clean, pure}} Proto-Slavic *čistъ (“clean, pure”), {{cog|ru|чи́стый}} Russian чи́стый (čístyj), {{cog|uk|чи́стий}} Ukrainian чи́стий (čýstyj), {{cog|bg|чист}} Bulgarian чист (čist), {{cog|cs|čistý}} Czech čistý, {{cog|pl|czysty}} Polish czysty Head templates: {{head|lv|adjective|||definite|šķīstais|comparative|šķīstāks|superlative|visšķīstākais|adverb|šķīsti|cat2=|cat3=}} šķīsts (definite šķīstais, comparative šķīstāks, superlative visšķīstākais, adverb šķīsti), {{lv-adj|šķīst}} šķīsts (definite šķīstais, comparative šķīstāks, superlative visšķīstākais, adverb šķīsti) Inflection templates: {{lv-decl-adj|šķīst|extrawidth=-100}} Forms: šķīstais [definite], šķīstāks [comparative], visšķīstākais [superlative], šķīsti [adverb], no-table-tags [table-tags], šķīsts [indefinite, masculine, nominative, singular], šķīsti [indefinite, masculine, nominative, plural], šķīsta [feminine, indefinite, nominative, singular], šķīstas [feminine, indefinite, nominative, plural], šķīstu [accusative, indefinite, masculine, singular], šķīstus [accusative, indefinite, masculine, plural], šķīstu [accusative, feminine, indefinite, singular], šķīstas [accusative, feminine, indefinite, plural], šķīsta [genitive, indefinite, masculine, singular], šķīstu [genitive, indefinite, masculine, plural], šķīstas [feminine, genitive, indefinite, singular], šķīstu [feminine, genitive, indefinite, plural], šķīstam [dative, indefinite, masculine, singular], šķīstiem [dative, indefinite, masculine, plural], šķīstai [dative, feminine, indefinite, singular], šķīstām [dative, feminine, indefinite, plural], šķīstu [indefinite, instrumental, masculine, singular], šķīstiem [indefinite, instrumental, masculine, plural], šķīstu [feminine, indefinite, instrumental, singular], šķīstām [feminine, indefinite, instrumental, plural], šķīstā [indefinite, locative, masculine, singular], šķīstos [indefinite, locative, masculine, plural], šķīstā [feminine, indefinite, locative, singular], šķīstās [feminine, indefinite, locative, plural], - [indefinite, masculine, singular, vocative], - [indefinite, masculine, plural, vocative], - [feminine, indefinite, singular, vocative], - [feminine, indefinite, plural, vocative]
  1. (religion) pure, immaculate, without sin (who never sinned; who was purified, who had his/her sins forgiven) Categories (topical): Religion
    Sense id: en-šķīsts-lv-adj-Nz86C756 Topics: lifestyle, religion
  2. (morally) pure, virtuous (who follows high moral standards) Synonyms (of "pure", "virtuous"): tikumīgs, nevainīgs, tīrs
    Sense id: en-šķīsts-lv-adj-hwcY1OUY Disambiguation of 'of "pure", "virtuous"': 11 73 15 1
  3. virgin, virginal, chaste (not having had sex yet; who refrains voluntarily from having sex) Synonyms (of "virgin"): jaunavīgs, nevainīgs
    Sense id: en-šķīsts-lv-adj-UfpPMHgG Categories (other): Latvian entries with incorrect language header, Latvian etymologies from LEV, Latvian undefined derivations, Latvian words with broken intonation Disambiguation of Latvian entries with incorrect language header: 22 25 42 11 Disambiguation of Latvian etymologies from LEV: 20 24 48 9 Disambiguation of Latvian undefined derivations: 21 23 41 15 Disambiguation of Latvian words with broken intonation: 20 21 38 21 Disambiguation of 'of "virgin"': 13 10 74 3
  4. (dated sense, usually about clothes, body) clean Synonyms (of "clean"): tīrs
    Sense id: en-šķīsts-lv-adj-OwZoBPbR Topics: anatomy, body, medicine, sciences Disambiguation of 'of "clean"': 10 0 0 90
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: šķīstība, šķīstums Related terms: šķīst

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for šķīsts meaning in Latvian (11.5kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "šķīstība"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "šķīstums"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "šķīst",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to become liquid; to melt; to dissolve; to disintegrate"
      },
      "expansion": "šķīst (“to become liquid; to melt; to dissolve; to disintegrate”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "*skīsti"
      },
      "expansion": "*skīsti",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "*skid-ti"
      },
      "expansion": "*skid-ti",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bat-pro",
        "3": "*skeyd"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Baltic *skeyd",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "*skīd-"
      },
      "expansion": "*skīd-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "*skid-"
      },
      "expansion": "*skid-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷʰéy-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "clear, light, shiny"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰéy- (“clear, light, shiny”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*skey-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skey-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*skēy-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to cut, to split"
      },
      "expansion": "*skēy- (“to cut, to split”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "skýstas",
        "3": "",
        "4": "thin"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian skýstas (“thin”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prg",
        "2": "skijstan",
        "3": "",
        "4": "clean"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Prussian skijstan (“clean”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*čistъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "clean, pure"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čistъ (“clean, pure”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "чи́стый"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian чи́стый (čístyj)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "чи́стий"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukrainian чи́стий (čýstyj)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "чист"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian чист (čist)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "čistý"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech čistý",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "czysty"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish czysty",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From the verb šķīst (“to become liquid; to melt; to dissolve; to disintegrate”), earlier meaning “to clean” (q.v.), of which it was originally the past participle; this verb, in turn, comes from *skīsti, from *skid-ti, from Proto-Baltic *skeyd, *skīd-, *skid-, possibly from a kʷʰ-initial phonological variant of Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰéy- (“clear, light, shiny”) with an extra d (the initial s being probably an s-mobile); the meaning evolved from “clear” to “liquid” (via “clean”). Some researchers suggest a different source: Proto-Indo-European *skey-, *skēy- (“to cut, to split”) with an extra -d; in this case, the semantic evolution would have been “to cut, to split” > “to move quickly in all directions” > “to splash” > “to be (like) a liquid” (whence “clear, clean”). Cognates include Lithuanian skýstas (“thin”) (of liquids), Old Prussian skijstan (“clean”) (accusative), Proto-Slavic *čistъ (“clean, pure”) (Russian чи́стый (čístyj), Ukrainian чи́стий (čýstyj), Bulgarian чист (čist), Czech čistý, Polish czysty).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "šķīstais",
      "tags": [
        "definite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstāks",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "visšķīstākais",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīsti",
      "tags": [
        "adverb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-adj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīsts",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīsti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīsta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīsta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "10": "visšķīstākais",
        "11": "adverb",
        "12": "šķīsti",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "definite",
        "6": "šķīstais",
        "7": "comparative",
        "8": "šķīstāks",
        "9": "superlative",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "šķīsts (definite šķīstais, comparative šķīstāks, superlative visšķīstākais, adverb šķīsti)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "šķīst"
      },
      "expansion": "šķīsts (definite šķīstais, comparative šķīstāks, superlative visšķīstākais, adverb šķīsti)",
      "name": "lv-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "šķīst",
        "extrawidth": "-100"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "šķīst"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Religion",
          "orig": "lv:Religion",
          "parents": [
            "Culture",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "pure believer",
          "text": "šķīsts ticīgais",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pure, immaculate, without sin (who never sinned; who was purified, who had his/her sins forgiven)"
      ],
      "id": "en-šķīsts-lv-adj-Nz86C756",
      "links": [
        [
          "religion",
          "religion"
        ],
        [
          "pure",
          "pure"
        ],
        [
          "immaculate",
          "immaculate"
        ],
        [
          "without",
          "without"
        ],
        [
          "sin",
          "sin"
        ],
        [
          "never",
          "never#English"
        ],
        [
          "sin",
          "sin#English"
        ],
        [
          "purified",
          "purify#English"
        ],
        [
          "forgive",
          "forgive#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(religion) pure, immaculate, without sin (who never sinned; who was purified, who had his/her sins forgiven)"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "lifestyle",
        "religion"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "nothing, in her opinino, was as pure and divine as her first love",
          "text": "nekas, pēc viņas domām, nebija tik šķīsts un dievišķīgs kā viņas pirmā mīlestība",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the young man, in the virtuous enthusiasm of youth, repeated truthfully all he had heard",
          "text": "puisis šķīstā jaunības dedzībā godīgi izstāstīja visu dzirdēto",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "oh, doctor, my child does not have pearls and precious stones; his playthings are his honesty and his pure, virtuous heart",
          "text": "ai daktera kungs, manam bērnam gan nav pērļu un dārgu akmeņu, bet viņas rota ir viņas tikums un šķīstā sirds",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pure, virtuous (who follows high moral standards)"
      ],
      "id": "en-šķīsts-lv-adj-hwcY1OUY",
      "links": [
        [
          "morally",
          "morally"
        ],
        [
          "pure",
          "pure"
        ],
        [
          "virtuous",
          "virtuous"
        ],
        [
          "follow",
          "follow#English"
        ],
        [
          "high",
          "high#English"
        ],
        [
          "moral",
          "moral#English"
        ],
        [
          "standard",
          "standard#English"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "morally",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(morally) pure, virtuous (who follows high moral standards)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "11 73 15 1",
          "sense": "of \"pure\", \"virtuous\"",
          "word": "tikumīgs"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 73 15 1",
          "sense": "of \"pure\", \"virtuous\"",
          "word": "nevainīgs"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 73 15 1",
          "sense": "of \"pure\", \"virtuous\"",
          "word": "tīrs"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "22 25 42 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 24 48 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 23 41 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian undefined derivations",
          "parents": [
            "Undefined derivations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 21 38 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian words with broken intonation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "you have deviated wrongly (= to the wrong path), chaste young woman; are you maybe (still) such (= chaste)?",
          "text": "tu gan izliecies aplam šķīsta jaunava; varbūt arī tāda esi?",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "virgin, virginal, chaste (not having had sex yet; who refrains voluntarily from having sex)"
      ],
      "id": "en-šķīsts-lv-adj-UfpPMHgG",
      "links": [
        [
          "virgin",
          "virgin"
        ],
        [
          "virginal",
          "virginal"
        ],
        [
          "chaste",
          "chaste"
        ],
        [
          "having had sex",
          "have sex#English"
        ],
        [
          "refrain",
          "refrain#English"
        ],
        [
          "voluntarily",
          "voluntarily#English"
        ],
        [
          "having sex",
          "have sex#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "13 10 74 3",
          "sense": "of \"virgin\"",
          "word": "jaunavīgs"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 10 74 3",
          "sense": "of \"virgin\"",
          "word": "nevainīgs"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "well washed, well cleaned shirts, having (lit. radiating) a clean shine",
          "text": "labi izmazgātie un izvelētie, šķīstu mirdzumu starojošie linu krekli",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "clean"
      ],
      "id": "en-šķīsts-lv-adj-OwZoBPbR",
      "links": [
        [
          "usually",
          "usually"
        ],
        [
          "clothes",
          "clothes"
        ],
        [
          "body",
          "body"
        ],
        [
          "clean",
          "clean"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "dated sense; usually about clothes; dated sense; usually about clothes",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated sense, usually about clothes, body) clean"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "10 0 0 90",
          "sense": "of \"clean\"",
          "word": "tīrs"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anatomy",
        "body",
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ʃcîːsts]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "šķīsts"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Latvian adjectives",
    "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
    "Latvian lemmas",
    "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
    "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Latvian undefined derivations",
    "Latvian words with broken intonation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "šķīstība"
    },
    {
      "word": "šķīstums"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "šķīst",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to become liquid; to melt; to dissolve; to disintegrate"
      },
      "expansion": "šķīst (“to become liquid; to melt; to dissolve; to disintegrate”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "*skīsti"
      },
      "expansion": "*skīsti",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "*skid-ti"
      },
      "expansion": "*skid-ti",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bat-pro",
        "3": "*skeyd"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Baltic *skeyd",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "*skīd-"
      },
      "expansion": "*skīd-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "*skid-"
      },
      "expansion": "*skid-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷʰéy-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "clear, light, shiny"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰéy- (“clear, light, shiny”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*skey-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skey-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*skēy-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to cut, to split"
      },
      "expansion": "*skēy- (“to cut, to split”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "skýstas",
        "3": "",
        "4": "thin"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian skýstas (“thin”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prg",
        "2": "skijstan",
        "3": "",
        "4": "clean"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Prussian skijstan (“clean”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*čistъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "clean, pure"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čistъ (“clean, pure”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "чи́стый"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian чи́стый (čístyj)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "чи́стий"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukrainian чи́стий (čýstyj)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "чист"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian чист (čist)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "čistý"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech čistý",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "czysty"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish czysty",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From the verb šķīst (“to become liquid; to melt; to dissolve; to disintegrate”), earlier meaning “to clean” (q.v.), of which it was originally the past participle; this verb, in turn, comes from *skīsti, from *skid-ti, from Proto-Baltic *skeyd, *skīd-, *skid-, possibly from a kʷʰ-initial phonological variant of Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰéy- (“clear, light, shiny”) with an extra d (the initial s being probably an s-mobile); the meaning evolved from “clear” to “liquid” (via “clean”). Some researchers suggest a different source: Proto-Indo-European *skey-, *skēy- (“to cut, to split”) with an extra -d; in this case, the semantic evolution would have been “to cut, to split” > “to move quickly in all directions” > “to splash” > “to be (like) a liquid” (whence “clear, clean”). Cognates include Lithuanian skýstas (“thin”) (of liquids), Old Prussian skijstan (“clean”) (accusative), Proto-Slavic *čistъ (“clean, pure”) (Russian чи́стый (čístyj), Ukrainian чи́стий (čýstyj), Bulgarian чист (čist), Czech čistý, Polish czysty).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "šķīstais",
      "tags": [
        "definite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstāks",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "visšķīstākais",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīsti",
      "tags": [
        "adverb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-adj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīsts",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīsti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīsta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīsta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šķīstās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "10": "visšķīstākais",
        "11": "adverb",
        "12": "šķīsti",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "definite",
        "6": "šķīstais",
        "7": "comparative",
        "8": "šķīstāks",
        "9": "superlative",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "šķīsts (definite šķīstais, comparative šķīstāks, superlative visšķīstākais, adverb šķīsti)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "šķīst"
      },
      "expansion": "šķīsts (definite šķīstais, comparative šķīstāks, superlative visšķīstākais, adverb šķīsti)",
      "name": "lv-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "šķīst",
        "extrawidth": "-100"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "šķīst"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples",
        "lv:Religion"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "pure believer",
          "text": "šķīsts ticīgais",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pure, immaculate, without sin (who never sinned; who was purified, who had his/her sins forgiven)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "religion",
          "religion"
        ],
        [
          "pure",
          "pure"
        ],
        [
          "immaculate",
          "immaculate"
        ],
        [
          "without",
          "without"
        ],
        [
          "sin",
          "sin"
        ],
        [
          "never",
          "never#English"
        ],
        [
          "sin",
          "sin#English"
        ],
        [
          "purified",
          "purify#English"
        ],
        [
          "forgive",
          "forgive#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(religion) pure, immaculate, without sin (who never sinned; who was purified, who had his/her sins forgiven)"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "lifestyle",
        "religion"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "nothing, in her opinino, was as pure and divine as her first love",
          "text": "nekas, pēc viņas domām, nebija tik šķīsts un dievišķīgs kā viņas pirmā mīlestība",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the young man, in the virtuous enthusiasm of youth, repeated truthfully all he had heard",
          "text": "puisis šķīstā jaunības dedzībā godīgi izstāstīja visu dzirdēto",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "oh, doctor, my child does not have pearls and precious stones; his playthings are his honesty and his pure, virtuous heart",
          "text": "ai daktera kungs, manam bērnam gan nav pērļu un dārgu akmeņu, bet viņas rota ir viņas tikums un šķīstā sirds",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pure, virtuous (who follows high moral standards)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "morally",
          "morally"
        ],
        [
          "pure",
          "pure"
        ],
        [
          "virtuous",
          "virtuous"
        ],
        [
          "follow",
          "follow#English"
        ],
        [
          "high",
          "high#English"
        ],
        [
          "moral",
          "moral#English"
        ],
        [
          "standard",
          "standard#English"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "morally",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(morally) pure, virtuous (who follows high moral standards)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "you have deviated wrongly (= to the wrong path), chaste young woman; are you maybe (still) such (= chaste)?",
          "text": "tu gan izliecies aplam šķīsta jaunava; varbūt arī tāda esi?",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "virgin, virginal, chaste (not having had sex yet; who refrains voluntarily from having sex)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "virgin",
          "virgin"
        ],
        [
          "virginal",
          "virginal"
        ],
        [
          "chaste",
          "chaste"
        ],
        [
          "having had sex",
          "have sex#English"
        ],
        [
          "refrain",
          "refrain#English"
        ],
        [
          "voluntarily",
          "voluntarily#English"
        ],
        [
          "having sex",
          "have sex#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with dated senses",
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "well washed, well cleaned shirts, having (lit. radiating) a clean shine",
          "text": "labi izmazgātie un izvelētie, šķīstu mirdzumu starojošie linu krekli",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "clean"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "usually",
          "usually"
        ],
        [
          "clothes",
          "clothes"
        ],
        [
          "body",
          "body"
        ],
        [
          "clean",
          "clean"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "dated sense; usually about clothes; dated sense; usually about clothes",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated sense, usually about clothes, body) clean"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anatomy",
        "body",
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ʃcîːsts]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "of \"pure\", \"virtuous\"",
      "word": "tikumīgs"
    },
    {
      "sense": "of \"pure\", \"virtuous\"",
      "word": "nevainīgs"
    },
    {
      "sense": "of \"pure\", \"virtuous\"",
      "word": "tīrs"
    },
    {
      "sense": "of \"virgin\"",
      "word": "jaunavīgs"
    },
    {
      "sense": "of \"virgin\"",
      "word": "nevainīgs"
    },
    {
      "sense": "of \"clean\"",
      "word": "tīrs"
    }
  ],
  "word": "šķīsts"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latvian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.