See verbena in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "yirghinã"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "verbină"
}
],
"lang": "Balkano-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "vermena"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "virvina"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "berbina"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "vermene"
}
],
"lang": "Rhaeto-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "vervenă"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "verveine"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "vervain"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "verveyne"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "vervainne"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "vervenă"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "verveine"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "vervain"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "verveyne"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "vervene"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "verbena"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "berbena"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "verbena"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "verbena"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "verbena"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "verbena"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "verbena"
}
],
"lang": "Borrowings",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"verber",
"verber#Latin"
],
[
"-na",
"-nus#Latin:_adjective"
],
[
"-nus",
"-nus#Latin:_adjective"
],
[
"verber",
"verber#Latin"
],
[
"virbas",
"virbas#Lithuanian"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verber",
"3": "-nus<id:adjective>",
"alt2": "-na"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, verber + -na",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-nus<id:adjective>"
},
"expansion": "-nus",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "(h)"
},
"expansion": "⁽ʰ⁾",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*werb⁽ʰ⁾-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *werb⁽ʰ⁾-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "virbas",
"3": "",
"4": "twig, branch, scion, rod"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian virbas (“twig, branch, scion, rod”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "By surface analysis, verber + -na. From earlier *werbez-na-, itself formed from the addition of -nus to the s-stem *wer(β/b)-os ~ *wer(β/b)-es- (whence also verber). It is perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *werb⁽ʰ⁾-, whence also perhaps Lithuanian virbas (“twig, branch, scion, rod”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "verbēna",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "verbēnae",
"links": [
[
"verbēnae",
"verbenae"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "verbēna",
"links": [
[
"verbēna",
"verbena#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verbēnae",
"links": [
[
"verbēnae",
"verbenae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "verbēnae",
"links": [
[
"verbēnae",
"verbenae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verbēnārum",
"links": [
[
"verbēnārum",
"verbenarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "verbēnae",
"links": [
[
"verbēnae",
"verbenae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verbēnīs",
"links": [
[
"verbēnīs",
"verbenis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "verbēnam",
"links": [
[
"verbēnam",
"verbenam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verbēnās",
"links": [
[
"verbēnās",
"verbenas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "verbēnā",
"links": [
[
"verbēnā",
"verbena#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verbēnīs",
"links": [
[
"verbēnīs",
"verbenis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "verbēna",
"links": [
[
"verbēna",
"verbena#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "verbēnae",
"links": [
[
"verbēnae",
"verbenae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "verbēna<1>"
},
"expansion": "verbēna f (genitive verbēnae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "verbēna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -nus (adjective)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "verbēnaca"
},
{
"sense": "Italo-Romance; Italian",
"word": "verminaca"
},
{
"sense": "Italo-Romance; Sicilian",
"word": "virvinaca"
},
{
"alt": "Moselle",
"sense": "Gallo-Italic; Lorrain",
"word": "verbenay"
},
{
"sense": "Gallo-Romance",
"tags": [
"Bologna"
],
"word": "barbenäga"
}
],
"glosses": [
"foliage, especially that of olive, myrtle etc having religious and medicinal uses"
],
"id": "en-verbena-la-noun-5zPagv9n",
"links": [
[
"foliage",
"foliage"
],
[
"olive",
"olive"
],
[
"myrtle",
"myrtle"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "verber"
},
{
"word": "verberō"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[wɛrˈbeː.na]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[verˈbɛː.na]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "verbena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"es:Flowers",
"es:Lamiales order plants"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "verbēnaca"
},
{
"sense": "Italo-Romance; Italian",
"word": "verminaca"
},
{
"sense": "Italo-Romance; Sicilian",
"word": "virvinaca"
},
{
"alt": "Moselle",
"sense": "Gallo-Italic; Lorrain",
"word": "verbenay"
},
{
"sense": "Gallo-Romance",
"tags": [
"Bologna"
],
"word": "barbenäga"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "yirghinã"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "verbină"
}
],
"lang": "Balkano-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "vermena"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "virvina"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "berbina"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "vermene"
}
],
"lang": "Rhaeto-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "vervenă"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "verveine"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "vervain"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "verveyne"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "vervainne"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "vervenă"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "verveine"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "vervain"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "verveyne"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "vervene"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "verbena"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "berbena"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "verbena"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "verbena"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "verbena"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "verbena"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "verbena"
}
],
"lang": "Borrowings",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"verber",
"verber#Latin"
],
[
"-na",
"-nus#Latin:_adjective"
],
[
"-nus",
"-nus#Latin:_adjective"
],
[
"verber",
"verber#Latin"
],
[
"virbas",
"virbas#Lithuanian"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verber",
"3": "-nus<id:adjective>",
"alt2": "-na"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, verber + -na",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-nus<id:adjective>"
},
"expansion": "-nus",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "(h)"
},
"expansion": "⁽ʰ⁾",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*werb⁽ʰ⁾-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *werb⁽ʰ⁾-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "virbas",
"3": "",
"4": "twig, branch, scion, rod"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian virbas (“twig, branch, scion, rod”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "By surface analysis, verber + -na. From earlier *werbez-na-, itself formed from the addition of -nus to the s-stem *wer(β/b)-os ~ *wer(β/b)-es- (whence also verber). It is perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *werb⁽ʰ⁾-, whence also perhaps Lithuanian virbas (“twig, branch, scion, rod”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "verbēna",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "verbēnae",
"links": [
[
"verbēnae",
"verbenae"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "verbēna",
"links": [
[
"verbēna",
"verbena#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verbēnae",
"links": [
[
"verbēnae",
"verbenae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "verbēnae",
"links": [
[
"verbēnae",
"verbenae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verbēnārum",
"links": [
[
"verbēnārum",
"verbenarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "verbēnae",
"links": [
[
"verbēnae",
"verbenae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verbēnīs",
"links": [
[
"verbēnīs",
"verbenis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "verbēnam",
"links": [
[
"verbēnam",
"verbenam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verbēnās",
"links": [
[
"verbēnās",
"verbenas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "verbēnā",
"links": [
[
"verbēnā",
"verbena#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verbēnīs",
"links": [
[
"verbēnīs",
"verbenis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "verbēna",
"links": [
[
"verbēna",
"verbena#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "verbēnae",
"links": [
[
"verbēnae",
"verbenae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "verbēna<1>"
},
"expansion": "verbēna f (genitive verbēnae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "verbēna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "verber"
},
{
"word": "verberō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms suffixed with -nus (adjective)",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"foliage, especially that of olive, myrtle etc having religious and medicinal uses"
],
"links": [
[
"foliage",
"foliage"
],
[
"olive",
"olive"
],
[
"myrtle",
"myrtle"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[wɛrˈbeː.na]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[verˈbɛː.na]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "verbena"
}
Download raw JSONL data for verbena meaning in Latin (6.5kB)
{
"called_from": "linkages/371",
"msg": "unrecognized linkage prefix: Emilian: barbenäga (Bologna) desc=Emilian rest=barbenäga (Bologna) cls=romanization cls2=other e1=True e2=False",
"path": [
"verbena"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "verbena",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.