See testimonium in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "témoin"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "tesmoing"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"word": "têmoin"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "tesmoin"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "témoin"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "tesmoing"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"word": "têmoin"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "tesmoing"
},
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "dëshmi"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "testimony"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "testimony"
}
],
"lang": "Old Northern French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing"
],
"word": "testemoingne"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "testimony"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "testimony"
}
],
"lang": "Old Northern French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "testimonie"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "testimone"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "testimonio"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "testimone"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "testimoni"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "testimòni"
}
],
"lang": "Old Occitan",
"lang_code": "pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "testemuño"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "testemunho"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "testemônio"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "testimonio"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "testimoniu"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "distimonzu"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "testimóngiu"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "tistimognu"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "testimonio"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "testimònio"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "testeni"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Breton",
"lang_code": "xbm",
"word": "testeni"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Cornish",
"lang_code": "cnx",
"word": "dustuny"
}
],
"lang": "Old Cornish",
"lang_code": "oco",
"word": "tistuni"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "testun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "testun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*testʉn"
},
{
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "testimin"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":af",
"3": "testis<t:witness>",
"4": "-mōnium<t:obligation>",
"text": "+",
"title": "testimōnium",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin testis\nProto-Indo-European *-mṓ\nProto-Indo-European *-monyomder.\nLatin -mōnium\nLatin testimōnium\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-monyom\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-mṓ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-mōnium\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"testimōnium\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"testimōnium\">\nFrom testis (“witness”) + -mōnium (“obligation”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin testis\nProto-Indo-European *-mṓ\nProto-Indo-European *-monyomder.\nLatin -mōnium\nLatin testimōnium\nFrom testis (“witness”) + -mōnium (“obligation”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "testimōnium",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "testimōniī",
"links": [
[
"testimōniī",
"testimonii"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "testimōnī",
"links": [
[
"testimōnī",
"testimoni"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "testimōnium",
"links": [
[
"testimōnium",
"testimonium#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testimōnia",
"links": [
[
"testimōnia",
"testimonia#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testimōniī",
"links": [
[
"testimōniī",
"testimonii#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testimōnī",
"links": [
[
"testimōnī",
"testimoni#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testimōniōrum",
"links": [
[
"testimōniōrum",
"testimoniorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testimōniō",
"links": [
[
"testimōniō",
"testimonio#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testimōniīs",
"links": [
[
"testimōniīs",
"testimoniis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testimōnium",
"links": [
[
"testimōnium",
"testimonium#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testimōnia",
"links": [
[
"testimōnia",
"testimonia#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testimōniō",
"links": [
[
"testimōniō",
"testimonio#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testimōniīs",
"links": [
[
"testimōniīs",
"testimoniis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testimōnium",
"links": [
[
"testimōnium",
"testimonium#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "testimōnia",
"links": [
[
"testimōnia",
"testimonia#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "testimōnium<2>"
},
"expansion": "testimōnium n (genitive testimōniī or testimōnī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "testimōnium<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "testātiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "testātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "testificātiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "testificor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "testis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "testor"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -monium",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 6 26 6 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 7 25 7 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.",
"ref": "c. 347 CE – 420 CE, Hieronymus, Vulgate Exodus.20.16",
"text": "Non loqueris contra proximum tuum falsum testimonium.",
"translation": "Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"testimony, witness"
],
"id": "en-testimonium-la-noun-3lnr5oHX",
"links": [
[
"testimony",
"testimony"
],
[
"witness",
"witness"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -monium",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 6 26 6 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 7 25 7 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"evidence, proof"
],
"id": "en-testimonium-la-noun-OgFwQx0R",
"links": [
[
"evidence",
"evidence"
],
[
"proof",
"proof"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tɛs.tɪˈmoː.ni.ũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tes.tiˈmɔː.ni.um]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "testimonium"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 5-syllable words",
"Latin entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"Latin entries with etymology texts",
"Latin entries with etymology trees",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms suffixed with -monium",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "témoin"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "tesmoing"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"word": "têmoin"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "tesmoin"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "témoin"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "tesmoing"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"word": "têmoin"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "tesmoing"
},
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "dëshmi"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "testimony"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "testimony"
}
],
"lang": "Old Northern French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing"
],
"word": "testemoingne"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "testimony"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "testimony"
}
],
"lang": "Old Northern French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "testimonie"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "testimone"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "testimonio"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "testimone"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "testimoni"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "testimòni"
}
],
"lang": "Old Occitan",
"lang_code": "pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "testemuño"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "testemunho"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "testemônio"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "testimonio"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "testimoniu"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "distimonzu"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "testimóngiu"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "tistimognu"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "testimonio"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "testimònio"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "testeni"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Breton",
"lang_code": "xbm",
"word": "testeni"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Cornish",
"lang_code": "cnx",
"word": "dustuny"
}
],
"lang": "Old Cornish",
"lang_code": "oco",
"word": "tistuni"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "testun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "testun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*testʉn"
},
{
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "testimin"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":af",
"3": "testis<t:witness>",
"4": "-mōnium<t:obligation>",
"text": "+",
"title": "testimōnium",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin testis\nProto-Indo-European *-mṓ\nProto-Indo-European *-monyomder.\nLatin -mōnium\nLatin testimōnium\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-monyom\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-mṓ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-mōnium\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"testimōnium\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"testimōnium\">\nFrom testis (“witness”) + -mōnium (“obligation”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin testis\nProto-Indo-European *-mṓ\nProto-Indo-European *-monyomder.\nLatin -mōnium\nLatin testimōnium\nFrom testis (“witness”) + -mōnium (“obligation”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "testimōnium",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "testimōniī",
"links": [
[
"testimōniī",
"testimonii"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "testimōnī",
"links": [
[
"testimōnī",
"testimoni"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "testimōnium",
"links": [
[
"testimōnium",
"testimonium#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testimōnia",
"links": [
[
"testimōnia",
"testimonia#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testimōniī",
"links": [
[
"testimōniī",
"testimonii#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testimōnī",
"links": [
[
"testimōnī",
"testimoni#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testimōniōrum",
"links": [
[
"testimōniōrum",
"testimoniorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testimōniō",
"links": [
[
"testimōniō",
"testimonio#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testimōniīs",
"links": [
[
"testimōniīs",
"testimoniis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testimōnium",
"links": [
[
"testimōnium",
"testimonium#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testimōnia",
"links": [
[
"testimōnia",
"testimonia#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testimōniō",
"links": [
[
"testimōniō",
"testimonio#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testimōniīs",
"links": [
[
"testimōniīs",
"testimoniis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testimōnium",
"links": [
[
"testimōnium",
"testimonium#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "testimōnia",
"links": [
[
"testimōnia",
"testimonia#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "testimōnium<2>"
},
"expansion": "testimōnium n (genitive testimōniī or testimōnī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "testimōnium<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "testātiō"
},
{
"word": "testātus"
},
{
"word": "testificātiō"
},
{
"word": "testificor"
},
{
"word": "testis"
},
{
"word": "testor"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.",
"ref": "c. 347 CE – 420 CE, Hieronymus, Vulgate Exodus.20.16",
"text": "Non loqueris contra proximum tuum falsum testimonium.",
"translation": "Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"testimony, witness"
],
"links": [
[
"testimony",
"testimony"
],
[
"witness",
"witness"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"evidence, proof"
],
"links": [
[
"evidence",
"evidence"
],
[
"proof",
"proof"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tɛs.tɪˈmoː.ni.ũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tes.tiˈmɔː.ni.um]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "testimonium"
}
Download raw JSONL data for testimonium meaning in Latin (8.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (03da280 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.