See tenebra in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "tebras"
},
"expansion": "Galician: tebras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: tebras"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "treva"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: treva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: treva"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "tiniebla"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: tiniebla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: tiniebla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "tenebra",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: tenebra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: tenebra"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ténèbres",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: ténèbres",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: ténèbres"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "tenebră",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: tenebră",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: tenebră"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tenebrose",
"3": "tenebrous",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: tenebrose, tenebrous",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: tenebrose, tenebrous"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "tenebra",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: tenebra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: tenebra"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "tênebra",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: tênebra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: tênebra"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*temasro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *temasro",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*temH-s-ro",
"4": "",
"5": "dark"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *temH-s-ro (“dark”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*temH-",
"4": "",
"5": "dark"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *temH- (“dark”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तमिस्र"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तमिस्र (tamisra)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬙𐬄𐬚𐬭𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬙𐬄𐬚𐬭𐬀 (tąθra)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"t": "darkness",
"tr": "tʾr",
"ts": "tār"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian [script needed] (tʾr /tār/, “darkness”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "тар"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian тар (tar)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "тьмьнъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic тьмьнъ (tĭmĭnŭ)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Arose by dissimilation from earlier *temebrai, arisen from Proto-Italic *temasro, from Proto-Indo-European *temH-s-ro (“dark”), a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *temH- (“dark”); cognate with Sanskrit तमिस्र (tamisra), Avestan 𐬙𐬄𐬚𐬭𐬀 (tąθra), Middle Persian [script needed] (tʾr /tār/, “darkness”), Ossetian тар (tar), and Old Church Slavonic тьмьнъ (tĭmĭnŭ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tenebrae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tenebra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tenebrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tenebrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tenebrārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tenebrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tenebrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tenebram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tenebrās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tenebrā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tenebrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tenebra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tenebrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tenebra<1>"
},
"expansion": "tenebra f (genitive tenebrae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tenebra<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 36 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 34 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And the earth was void and empty, and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the spirit of God moved over the waters.",
"ref": "405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Genesis.1.2",
"text": "Terra autem erat inānis et vacua, et tenebrae erant super faciem abyssī: et spīritus Deī ferēbātur super aquās."
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkness, shadow, gloom, obscurity"
],
"id": "en-tenebra-la-noun-vPh-3G1f",
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
],
[
"shadow",
"shadow"
],
[
"gloom",
"gloom"
],
[
"obscurity",
"obscurity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural) darkness, shadow, gloom, obscurity"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 34 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ignorance"
],
"id": "en-tenebra-la-noun-9d~FkAod",
"links": [
[
"ignorance",
"ignorance"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 34 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"concealment"
],
"id": "en-tenebra-la-noun-gyXlpJsg",
"links": [
[
"concealment",
"concealment"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈte.ne.bra/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪ɛnɛbrä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈte.ne.bra/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪ɛːnebrä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "tenebra"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for native script for Middle Persian terms"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "tebras"
},
"expansion": "Galician: tebras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: tebras"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "treva"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: treva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: treva"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "tiniebla"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: tiniebla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: tiniebla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "tenebra",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: tenebra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: tenebra"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ténèbres",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: ténèbres",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: ténèbres"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "tenebră",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: tenebră",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: tenebră"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tenebrose",
"3": "tenebrous",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: tenebrose, tenebrous",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: tenebrose, tenebrous"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "tenebra",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: tenebra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: tenebra"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "tênebra",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: tênebra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: tênebra"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*temasro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *temasro",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*temH-s-ro",
"4": "",
"5": "dark"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *temH-s-ro (“dark”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*temH-",
"4": "",
"5": "dark"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *temH- (“dark”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तमिस्र"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तमिस्र (tamisra)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬙𐬄𐬚𐬭𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬙𐬄𐬚𐬭𐬀 (tąθra)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"t": "darkness",
"tr": "tʾr",
"ts": "tār"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian [script needed] (tʾr /tār/, “darkness”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "тар"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian тар (tar)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "тьмьнъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic тьмьнъ (tĭmĭnŭ)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Arose by dissimilation from earlier *temebrai, arisen from Proto-Italic *temasro, from Proto-Indo-European *temH-s-ro (“dark”), a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *temH- (“dark”); cognate with Sanskrit तमिस्र (tamisra), Avestan 𐬙𐬄𐬚𐬭𐬀 (tąθra), Middle Persian [script needed] (tʾr /tār/, “darkness”), Ossetian тар (tar), and Old Church Slavonic тьмьнъ (tĭmĭnŭ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tenebrae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tenebra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tenebrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tenebrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tenebrārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tenebrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tenebrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tenebram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tenebrās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tenebrā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tenebrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tenebra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tenebrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tenebra<1>"
},
"expansion": "tenebra f (genitive tenebrae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tenebra<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And the earth was void and empty, and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the spirit of God moved over the waters.",
"ref": "405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Genesis.1.2",
"text": "Terra autem erat inānis et vacua, et tenebrae erant super faciem abyssī: et spīritus Deī ferēbātur super aquās."
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkness, shadow, gloom, obscurity"
],
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
],
[
"shadow",
"shadow"
],
[
"gloom",
"gloom"
],
[
"obscurity",
"obscurity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural) darkness, shadow, gloom, obscurity"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ignorance"
],
"links": [
[
"ignorance",
"ignorance"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"concealment"
],
"links": [
[
"concealment",
"concealment"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈte.ne.bra/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪ɛnɛbrä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈte.ne.bra/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪ɛːnebrä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "tenebra"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tenebra meaning in Latin (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.