See sulphur in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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],
"etymology_text": "Hellenised variant of earlier sulpur. Etymology uncertain, but likely related to Proto-Germanic *sweblaz (“sulfur”).\n*The *sw- in the Germanic term suggests a root *swelp-, which could have arisen as a blend of *selp- (“fat, oil”) and *swel- (“to burn”) or alternatively, be a non-Indo-European Wanderwort.\n*If the comparison with *sweblaz is set aside, the Latin form can simply be derived from the root *selp-, making it cognate to Proto-Germanic *salbō (“salve, ointment”), Sanskrit सर्पिस् (sarpís, “cleaned melted butter”), सृप्र (sṛprá, “greasy, smooth”), Tocharian B ṣalype (“ointment”), and perhaps Ancient Greek ἔλπος (élpos, “?olive oil, fat”) or ὄλπη (ólpē, “flask for oil”). Per De Vaan, Szemerényi reconstructed an s-stem Proto-Indo-European *sélpos. (For the analogical change of the ending to -ur, compare fulgur; for the phonetic change of *-ol- > -ul-, compare sulcus, and for *-el- > *-ol- > -ul-, compare pulpa.) However, De Vaan finds both the -él- > -ól- and -os > -ur changes to be irregular, and suggests the word alternatively comes from Proto-Italic *solpor, from an r/n-stem Proto-Indo-European *sólpr̥ instead.",
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{
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},
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"form": "no-table-tags",
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{
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"pos": "noun",
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"glosses": [
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"id": "en-sulphur-la-noun-o3FAQ-me",
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[
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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"_dis": "30 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
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}
],
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"lightning"
],
"id": "en-sulphur-la-noun-Adtxq4BI",
"links": [
[
"lightning",
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],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈsʊɫ.pʰʊr]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsul.fur]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
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"word": "sulphur"
}
{
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"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
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}
],
"lang": "Northern Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ribagorçan",
"lang_code": "an",
"word": "eixufre"
}
],
"lang": "Aragonese",
"lang_code": "an",
"word": "xufre"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ribagorçan",
"lang_code": "an",
"word": "eixufre"
}
],
"lang": "Aragonese",
"lang_code": "an",
"word": "ixufre"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "sofre"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Auvergnat",
"lang_code": "oc-auv",
"word": "siupre"
},
{
"lang": "Auvergnat",
"lang_code": "oc-auv",
"word": "supre"
},
{
"lang": "Languedocien",
"lang_code": "oc-lan",
"word": "solpre"
},
{
"lang": "Languedocien",
"lang_code": "oc-lan",
"word": "siupre"
},
{
"lang": "Limousin",
"lang_code": "oc-lim",
"word": "siufre"
},
{
"lang": "Provençal",
"lang_code": "oc-pro",
"word": "soupre"
},
{
"lang": "Provençal",
"lang_code": "oc-pro",
"word": "sopre"
},
{
"lang": "Provençal",
"lang_code": "oc-pro",
"word": "soufre"
},
{
"lang": "Vivaro-Alpine",
"lang_code": "oc-viv",
"word": "sòupre"
},
{
"lang": "Vivaro-Alpine",
"lang_code": "oc-viv",
"word": "sopre"
},
{
"lang": "Vivaro-Alpine",
"lang_code": "oc-viv",
"word": "siupre"
}
],
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "sofre"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "xofre"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "enxofre"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "suffre"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sufre"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "azufre"
}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"lang_code": "osp",
"word": "sufre"
}
],
"lang": "Ibero-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "súlfaru"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "súlfuru"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "súrfuru"
}
],
"lang": "Insular Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "squfuri"
},
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sulfur"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sulfur"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sylffwr"
},
{
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "sulfur",
"word": "сулфур"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sulfur"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sylffwr"
},
{
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "sulfur",
"word": "сулфур"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sulphur"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sulf"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sülf"
}
],
"lang": "Borrowings",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "uncertain"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*sweblaz",
"t": "sulfur"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sweblaz (“sulfur”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*salbō",
"t": "salve, ointment"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *salbō (“salve, ointment”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "सर्पिस्",
"3": "",
"4": "cleaned melted butter",
"tr": "sarpís"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit सर्पिस् (sarpís, “cleaned melted butter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "ṣalype",
"3": "",
"4": "ointment"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B ṣalype (“ointment”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἔλπος",
"3": "",
"4": "?olive oil, fat"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἔλπος (élpos, “?olive oil, fat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sélpos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sélpos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*solpor"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *solpor",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sólpr̥"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sólpr̥",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Hellenised variant of earlier sulpur. Etymology uncertain, but likely related to Proto-Germanic *sweblaz (“sulfur”).\n*The *sw- in the Germanic term suggests a root *swelp-, which could have arisen as a blend of *selp- (“fat, oil”) and *swel- (“to burn”) or alternatively, be a non-Indo-European Wanderwort.\n*If the comparison with *sweblaz is set aside, the Latin form can simply be derived from the root *selp-, making it cognate to Proto-Germanic *salbō (“salve, ointment”), Sanskrit सर्पिस् (sarpís, “cleaned melted butter”), सृप्र (sṛprá, “greasy, smooth”), Tocharian B ṣalype (“ointment”), and perhaps Ancient Greek ἔλπος (élpos, “?olive oil, fat”) or ὄλπη (ólpē, “flask for oil”). Per De Vaan, Szemerényi reconstructed an s-stem Proto-Indo-European *sélpos. (For the analogical change of the ending to -ur, compare fulgur; for the phonetic change of *-ol- > -ul-, compare sulcus, and for *-el- > *-ol- > -ul-, compare pulpa.) However, De Vaan finds both the -él- > -ól- and -os > -ur changes to be irregular, and suggests the word alternatively comes from Proto-Italic *solpor, from an r/n-stem Proto-Indo-European *sólpr̥ instead.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sulphuris",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sulphur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sulphura",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sulphuris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sulphurum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sulphurī",
"links": [
[
"sulphurī",
"sulphuri#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sulphuribus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sulphur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sulphura",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sulphure",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sulphuribus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sulphur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sulphura",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sulpur",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sulfur",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sulphur<3.N>"
},
"expansion": "sulphur n (genitive sulphuris); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sulphur<3.N>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"sulfur, brimstone"
],
"links": [
[
"sulfur",
"#English"
],
[
"brimstone",
"brimstone"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lightning"
],
"links": [
[
"lightning",
"lightning"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈsʊɫ.pʰʊr]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsul.fur]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "sulphur"
}
Download raw JSONL data for sulphur meaning in Latin (10.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.