See spectrum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "espectre",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: espectre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: espectre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "spectrum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: spectrum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: spectrum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "spectre",
"3": "specter",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: spectre, specter",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: spectre, specter; spectrum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "spectre",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: spectre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: spectre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Spektrum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Spektrum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Spektrum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "speictream",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Irish: speictream",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Irish: speictream"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "spettro",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: spettro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: spettro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "spektrum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: spektrum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: spektrum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "espectro",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: espectro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: espectro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "spectru",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: spectru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: spectru"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "спектр",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: спектр (spektr)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: спектр (spektr)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "espectro",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: espectro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: espectro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "spektrum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: spektrum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: spektrum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*speḱ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "specio",
"3": "trum",
"alt1": "spec(iō)",
"gloss1": "look at, behold"
},
"expansion": "spec(iō) (“look at, behold”) + -trum",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From spec(iō) (“look at, behold”) + -trum (making it a doublet of speculum).\nThe only attestation in Classical antiquity is in a pair of letters between Cicero and Cassius Longinus which imply that the Epicurean Catius (fl. c. 50s–40s BC) used spectrum as a translation of the Greek philosophical term εἴδωλον (eídōlon, “image”). It may therefore have been coined by Catius as a neologism, although alternatively, it could be an undocumented but preexisting word that he repurposed as a technical term.\nAfter Cicero, the word is extremely sparsely attested until being revived around the start of the sixteenth century by Renaissance humanist authors with the meaning \"apparition\" or \"phantom\", possibly influenced by the fact that Greek εἴδωλον also had this sense.\nThe scientific use to refer to the visible spectrum of colored light was first introduced by Isaac Newton, who used the word in the second half of the seventeenth century in both his English writings and in his first Latin draft of the Opticks, the Fundamentum Opticae, although the 1706 Latin translation of Opticks by Samuel Clarke translates Newton's English spectrum into Latin as imago.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spectrī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "spectrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spectra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spectrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spectrōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spectrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spectrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spectrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spectra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spectrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spectrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spectrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spectra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spectrum<2>"
},
"expansion": "spectrum n (genitive spectrī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spectrum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "speciō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "spectiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "spectō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 38 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "1900 translation by Evelyn Shuckburgh\nFor somehow it makes you seem almost present when I write anything to you, and that not 'by way of phantoms of images,' as your new friends express it, who hold that 'mental pictures' are caused by what Catius called 'spectres' — for I must remind you that Catius Insuber the Epicurean, lately dead, calls 'spectres' what the famous Gargettius, and before him Democritus, used to call 'images.' Well, even if my eyes were capable of being struck by these 'spectres,' because they spontaneously run in upon them at your will, I do not see how the mind can be struck. You will be obliged to explain it to me, when you return safe and sound, whether the 'spectre' of you is at my command, so as to occur to me as soon as I have taken the fancy to think about you; and not only about you, who are in my heart's core, but supposing I begin thinking about the island of Britain — will its image fly at once into my mind?",
"ref": "62 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiares 15.16.1–2",
"text": "fit enim nescio qui ut quasi coram adesse videare cum scribo aliquid ad te, neque id κατ’ εἰδ<ώλ>ων φαντασίας, ut dicunt tui amici novi, qui putant etiam διανοητικὰς φαντασίας spectris Catianis excitari. nam, ne te fugiat, Catius Insuber Ἐπικούρειος, qui nuper est mortuus, quae ille Gargettius et iam ante Democritus εἴδωλα, hic spectra nominat. his autem spectris etiam si oculi possent feriri, quod ulis ipsa incurrunt, animus qui possit ego non video; doceas tu me oportebit cum salvus veneris. in meane potestate ut sit spectrum tuum, ut, simul ac mihi collibitum sit de te cogitare, illud occurrat? neque solum de te, qui mihi haeres in medullis, sed si insulam Britanniam coepero cogitare, eius εἴδωλον mihi advolabit ad pectus?"
}
],
"glosses": [
"appearance, image"
],
"id": "en-spectrum-la-noun-AFwulgJK",
"links": [
[
"appearance",
"appearance"
],
[
"image",
"image"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 59 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 38 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 50 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -trum",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1524, Desiderius Erasmus, Exorcismus sive spectrum",
"text": "Iam pridem vagabatur rumor ac fabula per eius loci rusticos, iuxta ponticulum hunc observari spectrum quoddam, cuius subinde exaudirentur miserandi eiulatus: suspicabantur, animam esse cuiuspiam, quae diris cruciatibus torqueretur."
}
],
"glosses": [
"apparition, specter, phantom"
],
"id": "en-spectrum-la-noun-eJqQAWmx",
"links": [
[
"apparition",
"apparition"
],
[
"specter",
"specter"
],
[
"phantom",
"phantom"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "New Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "24 38 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Translation by Alan E. Shapiro\nI further considered that by the breadth of the hole F, through which the light enters the room, a penumbra is made in the border of the spectrum Y, and that penumbra remains in the straight sides of the spectra PT and pt.",
"ref": "c. 1687-88, Isaac Newton, Fundamentum Opticae",
"text": "Considerabam praeterea quod latitudine foraminis F per quod lux in cubiculum ingreditur fit penumbra in circuitu spectri Y, et penumbra illa permanet in lateribus rectilineis spectrorum PT et pt."
}
],
"glosses": [
"spectrum (band of light arranged in order by wavelength)"
],
"id": "en-spectrum-la-noun-VpPCdZ0D",
"links": [
[
"spectrum",
"spectrum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(New Latin) spectrum (band of light arranged in order by wavelength)"
],
"tags": [
"New-Latin",
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspek.trum/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈs̠pɛkt̪rʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈspek.trum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈspɛkt̪rum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "īdōlum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "simulācrum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "imāgō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "speciēs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "figūra"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "fōrma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "effigiēs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "phantasma"
}
],
"word": "spectrum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *speḱ-",
"Latin terms suffixed with -trum",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "espectre",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: espectre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: espectre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "spectrum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: spectrum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: spectrum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "spectre",
"3": "specter",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: spectre, specter",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: spectre, specter; spectrum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "spectre",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: spectre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: spectre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Spektrum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Spektrum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Spektrum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "speictream",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Irish: speictream",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Irish: speictream"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "spettro",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: spettro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: spettro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "spektrum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: spektrum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: spektrum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "espectro",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: espectro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: espectro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "spectru",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: spectru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: spectru"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "спектр",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: спектр (spektr)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: спектр (spektr)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "espectro",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: espectro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: espectro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "spektrum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: spektrum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: spektrum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*speḱ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "specio",
"3": "trum",
"alt1": "spec(iō)",
"gloss1": "look at, behold"
},
"expansion": "spec(iō) (“look at, behold”) + -trum",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From spec(iō) (“look at, behold”) + -trum (making it a doublet of speculum).\nThe only attestation in Classical antiquity is in a pair of letters between Cicero and Cassius Longinus which imply that the Epicurean Catius (fl. c. 50s–40s BC) used spectrum as a translation of the Greek philosophical term εἴδωλον (eídōlon, “image”). It may therefore have been coined by Catius as a neologism, although alternatively, it could be an undocumented but preexisting word that he repurposed as a technical term.\nAfter Cicero, the word is extremely sparsely attested until being revived around the start of the sixteenth century by Renaissance humanist authors with the meaning \"apparition\" or \"phantom\", possibly influenced by the fact that Greek εἴδωλον also had this sense.\nThe scientific use to refer to the visible spectrum of colored light was first introduced by Isaac Newton, who used the word in the second half of the seventeenth century in both his English writings and in his first Latin draft of the Opticks, the Fundamentum Opticae, although the 1706 Latin translation of Opticks by Samuel Clarke translates Newton's English spectrum into Latin as imago.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spectrī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "spectrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spectra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spectrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spectrōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spectrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spectrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spectrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spectra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spectrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spectrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spectrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spectra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spectrum<2>"
},
"expansion": "spectrum n (genitive spectrī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "spectrum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "speciō"
},
{
"word": "spectiō"
},
{
"word": "spectō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "1900 translation by Evelyn Shuckburgh\nFor somehow it makes you seem almost present when I write anything to you, and that not 'by way of phantoms of images,' as your new friends express it, who hold that 'mental pictures' are caused by what Catius called 'spectres' — for I must remind you that Catius Insuber the Epicurean, lately dead, calls 'spectres' what the famous Gargettius, and before him Democritus, used to call 'images.' Well, even if my eyes were capable of being struck by these 'spectres,' because they spontaneously run in upon them at your will, I do not see how the mind can be struck. You will be obliged to explain it to me, when you return safe and sound, whether the 'spectre' of you is at my command, so as to occur to me as soon as I have taken the fancy to think about you; and not only about you, who are in my heart's core, but supposing I begin thinking about the island of Britain — will its image fly at once into my mind?",
"ref": "62 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiares 15.16.1–2",
"text": "fit enim nescio qui ut quasi coram adesse videare cum scribo aliquid ad te, neque id κατ’ εἰδ<ώλ>ων φαντασίας, ut dicunt tui amici novi, qui putant etiam διανοητικὰς φαντασίας spectris Catianis excitari. nam, ne te fugiat, Catius Insuber Ἐπικούρειος, qui nuper est mortuus, quae ille Gargettius et iam ante Democritus εἴδωλα, hic spectra nominat. his autem spectris etiam si oculi possent feriri, quod ulis ipsa incurrunt, animus qui possit ego non video; doceas tu me oportebit cum salvus veneris. in meane potestate ut sit spectrum tuum, ut, simul ac mihi collibitum sit de te cogitare, illud occurrat? neque solum de te, qui mihi haeres in medullis, sed si insulam Britanniam coepero cogitare, eius εἴδωλον mihi advolabit ad pectus?"
}
],
"glosses": [
"appearance, image"
],
"links": [
[
"appearance",
"appearance"
],
[
"image",
"image"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Latin quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1524, Desiderius Erasmus, Exorcismus sive spectrum",
"text": "Iam pridem vagabatur rumor ac fabula per eius loci rusticos, iuxta ponticulum hunc observari spectrum quoddam, cuius subinde exaudirentur miserandi eiulatus: suspicabantur, animam esse cuiuspiam, quae diris cruciatibus torqueretur."
}
],
"glosses": [
"apparition, specter, phantom"
],
"links": [
[
"apparition",
"apparition"
],
[
"specter",
"specter"
],
[
"phantom",
"phantom"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"New Latin"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Translation by Alan E. Shapiro\nI further considered that by the breadth of the hole F, through which the light enters the room, a penumbra is made in the border of the spectrum Y, and that penumbra remains in the straight sides of the spectra PT and pt.",
"ref": "c. 1687-88, Isaac Newton, Fundamentum Opticae",
"text": "Considerabam praeterea quod latitudine foraminis F per quod lux in cubiculum ingreditur fit penumbra in circuitu spectri Y, et penumbra illa permanet in lateribus rectilineis spectrorum PT et pt."
}
],
"glosses": [
"spectrum (band of light arranged in order by wavelength)"
],
"links": [
[
"spectrum",
"spectrum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(New Latin) spectrum (band of light arranged in order by wavelength)"
],
"tags": [
"New-Latin",
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspek.trum/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈs̠pɛkt̪rʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈspek.trum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈspɛkt̪rum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "īdōlum"
},
{
"word": "simulācrum"
},
{
"word": "imāgō"
},
{
"word": "speciēs"
},
{
"word": "figūra"
},
{
"word": "fōrma"
},
{
"word": "effigiēs"
},
{
"word": "phantasma"
}
],
"word": "spectrum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for spectrum meaning in Latin (9.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-10-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (3fd8a50 and 59b8406). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.