See severus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "severu"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "sever"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "severe"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "sévère"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "severo"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "severo"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "sevèr"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "severo"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "siviru"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "severo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*seɣwēros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *seɣwēros",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*séǵʰwr̥"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *séǵʰwr̥",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*seǵʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- (“to hold”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to De Vaan, from Proto-Italic *seɣwēros, from a collective derivation of the noun Proto-Indo-European *séǵʰwr̥, from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- (“to hold”).\nOther etymologists, such as Meiser, posit this word to be from se- + verus, but De Vaan notes a heavy semantic mismatch.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sevērus",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēra",
"links": [
[
"sevēra",
"severa"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērum",
"links": [
[
"sevērum",
"severum"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērior",
"links": [
[
"sevērior",
"severior"
]
],
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērissimus",
"links": [
[
"sevērissimus",
"severissimus"
]
],
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērus",
"links": [
[
"sevērus",
"severus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēra",
"links": [
[
"sevēra",
"severa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērum",
"links": [
[
"sevērum",
"severum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērī",
"links": [
[
"sevērī",
"severi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērae",
"links": [
[
"sevērae",
"severae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēra",
"links": [
[
"sevēra",
"severa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērī",
"links": [
[
"sevērī",
"severi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērae",
"links": [
[
"sevērae",
"severae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērī",
"links": [
[
"sevērī",
"severi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērōrum",
"links": [
[
"sevērōrum",
"severorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērārum",
"links": [
[
"sevērārum",
"severarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērōrum",
"links": [
[
"sevērōrum",
"severorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērō",
"links": [
[
"sevērō",
"severo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērae",
"links": [
[
"sevērae",
"severae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērō",
"links": [
[
"sevērō",
"severo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērīs",
"links": [
[
"sevērīs",
"severis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērum",
"links": [
[
"sevērum",
"severum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēram",
"links": [
[
"sevēram",
"severam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērum",
"links": [
[
"sevērum",
"severum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērōs",
"links": [
[
"sevērōs",
"severos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērās",
"links": [
[
"sevērās",
"severas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēra",
"links": [
[
"sevēra",
"severa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērō",
"links": [
[
"sevērō",
"severo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērā",
"links": [
[
"sevērā",
"severa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērō",
"links": [
[
"sevērō",
"severo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērīs",
"links": [
[
"sevērīs",
"severis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēre",
"links": [
[
"sevēre",
"severe#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēra",
"links": [
[
"sevēra",
"severa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērum",
"links": [
[
"sevērum",
"severum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērī",
"links": [
[
"sevērī",
"severi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērae",
"links": [
[
"sevērae",
"severae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēra",
"links": [
[
"sevēra",
"severa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sevērus",
"comp": "sevērior",
"sup": "sevērissimus"
},
"expansion": "sevērus (feminine sevēra, neuter sevērum, comparative sevērior, superlative sevērissimus); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sevērus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "mītis"
},
{
"word": "tranquillus"
},
{
"word": "misericors"
},
{
"word": "placidus"
},
{
"word": "quietus"
},
{
"word": "clemens"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "sevēritās"
},
{
"word": "sevēritūdō"
},
{
"word": "assevērō"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Let us live, my Lesbia, and love, and account all the rumours of very grave old men as worth a single penny.",
"ref": "c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Catullus 5 1–3",
"roman": "omnes unius aestimemus assis.",
"text": "Vivamus, mea Lesbia, atque amemus,\nrumoresque senum severiorum",
"translation": "Let us live, my Lesbia, and love, and account all the rumours of very grave old men as worth a single penny.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"severe, serious, strict, stern, stringent, austere, harsh, grave (in demeanor)"
],
"id": "en-severus-la-adj-DlFtY4ak",
"links": [
[
"severe",
"severe"
],
[
"serious",
"serious"
],
[
"strict",
"strict"
],
[
"stern",
"stern"
],
[
"stringent",
"stringent"
],
[
"austere",
"austere"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"grave",
"grave"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "assevērō"
},
{
"word": "persevērō"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "trux"
},
{
"word": "ferōx"
},
{
"word": "atrōx"
},
{
"word": "violēns"
},
{
"word": "immānis"
},
{
"word": "efferus"
},
{
"word": "ferus"
},
{
"word": "crūdēlis"
},
{
"word": "barbaricus"
},
{
"word": "silvāticus"
},
{
"word": "acerbus"
},
{
"word": "ācer"
}
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[sɛˈweː.rʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[seˈvɛː.rus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "severus"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "sevēritās"
},
{
"word": "sevēritūdō"
},
{
"word": "assevērō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "severu"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "sever"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "severe"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "sévère"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "severo"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "severo"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "sevèr"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "severo"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "siviru"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "severo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*seɣwēros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *seɣwēros",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*séǵʰwr̥"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *séǵʰwr̥",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*seǵʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- (“to hold”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to De Vaan, from Proto-Italic *seɣwēros, from a collective derivation of the noun Proto-Indo-European *séǵʰwr̥, from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- (“to hold”).\nOther etymologists, such as Meiser, posit this word to be from se- + verus, but De Vaan notes a heavy semantic mismatch.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sevērus",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēra",
"links": [
[
"sevēra",
"severa"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērum",
"links": [
[
"sevērum",
"severum"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērior",
"links": [
[
"sevērior",
"severior"
]
],
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērissimus",
"links": [
[
"sevērissimus",
"severissimus"
]
],
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērus",
"links": [
[
"sevērus",
"severus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēra",
"links": [
[
"sevēra",
"severa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērum",
"links": [
[
"sevērum",
"severum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērī",
"links": [
[
"sevērī",
"severi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērae",
"links": [
[
"sevērae",
"severae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēra",
"links": [
[
"sevēra",
"severa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērī",
"links": [
[
"sevērī",
"severi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērae",
"links": [
[
"sevērae",
"severae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērī",
"links": [
[
"sevērī",
"severi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērōrum",
"links": [
[
"sevērōrum",
"severorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērārum",
"links": [
[
"sevērārum",
"severarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērōrum",
"links": [
[
"sevērōrum",
"severorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērō",
"links": [
[
"sevērō",
"severo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērae",
"links": [
[
"sevērae",
"severae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērō",
"links": [
[
"sevērō",
"severo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērīs",
"links": [
[
"sevērīs",
"severis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērum",
"links": [
[
"sevērum",
"severum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēram",
"links": [
[
"sevēram",
"severam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērum",
"links": [
[
"sevērum",
"severum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērōs",
"links": [
[
"sevērōs",
"severos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērās",
"links": [
[
"sevērās",
"severas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēra",
"links": [
[
"sevēra",
"severa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērō",
"links": [
[
"sevērō",
"severo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērā",
"links": [
[
"sevērā",
"severa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērō",
"links": [
[
"sevērō",
"severo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērīs",
"links": [
[
"sevērīs",
"severis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēre",
"links": [
[
"sevēre",
"severe#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēra",
"links": [
[
"sevēra",
"severa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērum",
"links": [
[
"sevērum",
"severum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērī",
"links": [
[
"sevērī",
"severi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērae",
"links": [
[
"sevērae",
"severae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēra",
"links": [
[
"sevēra",
"severa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sevērus",
"comp": "sevērior",
"sup": "sevērissimus"
},
"expansion": "sevērus (feminine sevēra, neuter sevērum, comparative sevērior, superlative sevērissimus); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sevērus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "assevērō"
},
{
"word": "persevērō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "mītis"
},
{
"word": "tranquillus"
},
{
"word": "misericors"
},
{
"word": "placidus"
},
{
"word": "quietus"
},
{
"word": "clemens"
}
],
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first and second declension adjectives",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Let us live, my Lesbia, and love, and account all the rumours of very grave old men as worth a single penny.",
"ref": "c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Catullus 5 1–3",
"roman": "omnes unius aestimemus assis.",
"text": "Vivamus, mea Lesbia, atque amemus,\nrumoresque senum severiorum",
"translation": "Let us live, my Lesbia, and love, and account all the rumours of very grave old men as worth a single penny.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"severe, serious, strict, stern, stringent, austere, harsh, grave (in demeanor)"
],
"links": [
[
"severe",
"severe"
],
[
"serious",
"serious"
],
[
"strict",
"strict"
],
[
"stern",
"stern"
],
[
"stringent",
"stringent"
],
[
"austere",
"austere"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"grave",
"grave"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "trux"
},
{
"word": "ferōx"
},
{
"word": "atrōx"
},
{
"word": "violēns"
},
{
"word": "immānis"
},
{
"word": "efferus"
},
{
"word": "ferus"
},
{
"word": "crūdēlis"
},
{
"word": "barbaricus"
},
{
"word": "silvāticus"
},
{
"word": "acerbus"
},
{
"word": "ācer"
}
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[sɛˈweː.rʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[seˈvɛː.rus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "severus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for severus meaning in Latin (8.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-05-01 using wiktextract (4997730 and 9380997). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.