See severus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "severu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: severu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: severu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "sever"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: sever",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: sever"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "severe"
},
"expansion": "English: severe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: severe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "sévère"
},
"expansion": "French: sévère",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: sévère"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "severo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: severo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: severo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "severo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: severo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: severo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "sevèr"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: sevèr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: sevèr"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "severo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: severo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: severo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "siviru"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: siviru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: siviru"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "severo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: severo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: severo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*seɣwēros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *seɣwēros",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*séǵʰwr̥"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *séǵʰwr̥",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*seǵʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- (“to hold”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to De Vaan, from Proto-Italic *seɣwēros, from a collective derivation of the noun Proto-Indo-European *séǵʰwr̥, from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- (“to hold”).\nOther etymologists, such as Meiser, posit this word to be from se- + verus, but De Vaan notes a heavy semantic mismatch.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sevērus",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēra",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērior",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērissimus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sevērus",
"comp": "sevērior",
"sup": "sevērissimus"
},
"expansion": "sevērus (feminine sevēra, neuter sevērum, comparative sevērior, superlative sevērissimus); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sevērus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "mītis"
},
{
"word": "tranquillus"
},
{
"word": "misericors"
},
{
"word": "placidus"
},
{
"word": "quietus"
},
{
"word": "clemens"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "sevēritās"
},
{
"word": "sevēritūdō"
},
{
"word": "assevērō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"severe, serious, strict, stern, stringent, austere, harsh, grave (in demeanor)"
],
"id": "en-severus-la-adj-DlFtY4ak",
"links": [
[
"severe",
"severe"
],
[
"serious",
"serious"
],
[
"strict",
"strict"
],
[
"stern",
"stern"
],
[
"stringent",
"stringent"
],
[
"austere",
"austere"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"grave",
"grave"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "assevērō"
},
{
"word": "persevērō"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "trux"
},
{
"word": "ferōx"
},
{
"word": "atrōx"
},
{
"word": "violēns"
},
{
"word": "immānis"
},
{
"word": "efferus"
},
{
"word": "ferus"
},
{
"word": "crūdēlis"
},
{
"word": "barbaricus"
},
{
"word": "silvāticus"
},
{
"word": "acerbus"
},
{
"word": "ācer"
}
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/seˈu̯eː.rus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[s̠eˈu̯eːrʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/seˈve.rus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[seˈvɛːrus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "severus"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "sevēritās"
},
{
"word": "sevēritūdō"
},
{
"word": "assevērō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "severu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: severu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: severu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "sever"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: sever",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: sever"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "severe"
},
"expansion": "English: severe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: severe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "sévère"
},
"expansion": "French: sévère",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: sévère"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "severo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: severo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: severo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "severo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: severo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: severo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "sevèr"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: sevèr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: sevèr"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "severo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: severo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: severo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "siviru"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: siviru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: siviru"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "severo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: severo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: severo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*seɣwēros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *seɣwēros",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*séǵʰwr̥"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *séǵʰwr̥",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*seǵʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- (“to hold”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to De Vaan, from Proto-Italic *seɣwēros, from a collective derivation of the noun Proto-Indo-European *séǵʰwr̥, from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- (“to hold”).\nOther etymologists, such as Meiser, posit this word to be from se- + verus, but De Vaan notes a heavy semantic mismatch.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sevērus",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēra",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērior",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērissimus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sevērae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sevēra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sevērus",
"comp": "sevērior",
"sup": "sevērissimus"
},
"expansion": "sevērus (feminine sevēra, neuter sevērum, comparative sevērior, superlative sevērissimus); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sevērus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "assevērō"
},
{
"word": "persevērō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "mītis"
},
{
"word": "tranquillus"
},
{
"word": "misericors"
},
{
"word": "placidus"
},
{
"word": "quietus"
},
{
"word": "clemens"
}
],
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first and second declension adjectives",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"severe, serious, strict, stern, stringent, austere, harsh, grave (in demeanor)"
],
"links": [
[
"severe",
"severe"
],
[
"serious",
"serious"
],
[
"strict",
"strict"
],
[
"stern",
"stern"
],
[
"stringent",
"stringent"
],
[
"austere",
"austere"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"grave",
"grave"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "trux"
},
{
"word": "ferōx"
},
{
"word": "atrōx"
},
{
"word": "violēns"
},
{
"word": "immānis"
},
{
"word": "efferus"
},
{
"word": "ferus"
},
{
"word": "crūdēlis"
},
{
"word": "barbaricus"
},
{
"word": "silvāticus"
},
{
"word": "acerbus"
},
{
"word": "ācer"
}
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/seˈu̯eː.rus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[s̠eˈu̯eːrʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/seˈve.rus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[seˈvɛːrus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "severus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for severus meaning in Latin (7.4kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/20250113b",
"msg": "Rowspan 999 over 30, set to 1",
"path": [
"severus"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "severus",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.