"rugio" meaning in Latin

See rugio in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈruː.ɡi.oː/ [Classical-Latin], [ˈruːɡioː] [Classical-Latin], /ˈru.ɡi.oː/ [Classical-Latin], [ˈrʊɡioː] [Classical-Latin], /ˈru.d͡ʒi.o/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [ˈruːd͡ʒio] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: From Proto-Italic *rougjō. Per De Vaan, related to Ancient Greek ἐρεύγομαι (ereúgomai, “roar”), ὀρῠμαγδός (orumagdós, “noise”), ὠρῡγή (ōrūgḗ, “noise, roaring”), and possibly related to rū̆dō (“(of lions) to roar; (of donkeys) to bray”). Despite the phonetic similarity to ērūgō (“belch”), De Vaan thinks cognacy is unlikely, viewing the semantics as a poor match (although Greek ἐρεύγομαι (ereúgomai) also has the meaning "belch", which De Vaan considers a homophone). Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewg- (“to roar”). Etymology templates: {{inh|la|itc-pro|*rougjō}} Proto-Italic *rougjō, {{cog|grc|ἐρεύγομαι||roar}} Ancient Greek ἐρεύγομαι (ereúgomai, “roar”), {{der|la|ine-pro|*h₁rewg-|t=to roar}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewg- (“to roar”) Head templates: {{la-verb|4.nopass|rū̆giō|rū̆gīv/rū̆gi}} rū̆giō (present infinitive rū̆gīre, perfect active rū̆gīvī or rū̆giī); fourth conjugation, no passive, no supine stem Inflection templates: {{la-conj|4.nopass|rū̆giō|rū̆gīv/rū̆gi}} Forms: rū̆giō [canonical], no passive [canonical], rū̆gīre [infinitive, present], rū̆gīvī [active, perfect], rū̆giī [active, perfect], conjugation-4 no-supine [table-tags], rū̆giō [active, first-person, indicative, present, singular], rū̆gīs [active, indicative, present, second-person, singular], rū̆git [active, indicative, present, singular, third-person], rū̆gīmus [active, first-person, indicative, plural, present], rū̆gītis [active, indicative, plural, present, second-person], rū̆giunt [active, indicative, plural, present, third-person], rū̆giēbam [active, first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], rū̆giēbās [active, imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], rū̆giēbat [active, imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], rū̆giēbāmus [active, first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], rū̆giēbātis [active, imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], rū̆giēbant [active, imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], rū̆giam [active, first-person, future, indicative, singular], rū̆giēs [active, future, indicative, second-person, singular], rū̆giet [active, future, indicative, singular, third-person], rū̆giēmus [active, first-person, future, indicative, plural], rū̆giētis [active, future, indicative, plural, second-person], rū̆gient [active, future, indicative, plural, third-person], rū̆gīvī [active, first-person, indicative, perfect, singular], rū̆giī [active, first-person, indicative, perfect, singular], rū̆gīvistī [active, indicative, perfect, second-person, singular], rū̆giistī [active, indicative, perfect, second-person, singular], rū̆gīvit [active, indicative, perfect, singular, third-person], rū̆giit [active, indicative, perfect, singular, third-person], rū̆gīvimus [active, first-person, indicative, perfect, plural], rū̆giimus [active, first-person, indicative, perfect, plural], rū̆gīvistis [active, indicative, perfect, plural, second-person], rū̆giistis [active, indicative, perfect, plural, second-person], rū̆gīvērunt [active, indicative, perfect, plural, third-person], rū̆gīvēre [active, indicative, perfect, plural, third-person], rū̆giērunt [active, indicative, perfect, plural, third-person], rū̆giēre [active, indicative, perfect, plural, third-person], rū̆gīveram [active, first-person, indicative, pluperfect, singular], rū̆gieram [active, first-person, indicative, pluperfect, singular], rū̆gīverās [active, indicative, pluperfect, second-person, singular], rū̆gierās [active, indicative, pluperfect, second-person, singular], rū̆gīverat [active, indicative, pluperfect, singular, third-person], rū̆gierat [active, indicative, pluperfect, singular, third-person], rū̆gīverāmus [active, first-person, indicative, pluperfect, plural], rū̆gierāmus [active, first-person, indicative, pluperfect, plural], rū̆gīverātis [active, indicative, pluperfect, plural, second-person], rū̆gierātis [active, indicative, pluperfect, plural, second-person], rū̆gīverant [active, indicative, pluperfect, plural, third-person], rū̆gierant [active, indicative, pluperfect, plural, third-person], rū̆gīverō [active, first-person, future, indicative, perfect, singular], rū̆gierō [active, first-person, future, indicative, perfect, singular], rū̆gīveris [active, future, indicative, perfect, second-person, singular], rū̆gieris [active, future, indicative, perfect, second-person, singular], rū̆gīverit [active, future, indicative, perfect, singular, third-person], rū̆gierit [active, future, indicative, perfect, singular, third-person], rū̆gīverimus [active, first-person, future, indicative, perfect, plural], rū̆gierimus [active, first-person, future, indicative, perfect, plural], rū̆gīveritis [active, future, indicative, perfect, plural, second-person], rū̆gieritis [active, future, indicative, perfect, plural, second-person], rū̆gīverint [active, future, indicative, perfect, plural, third-person], rū̆gierint [active, future, indicative, perfect, plural, third-person], rū̆giam [active, first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], rū̆giās [active, present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], rū̆giat [active, present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], rū̆giāmus [active, first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], rū̆giātis [active, plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], rū̆giant [active, plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], rū̆gīrem [active, first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], rū̆gīrēs [active, imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], rū̆gīret [active, imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], rū̆gīrēmus [active, first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], rū̆gīrētis [active, imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], rū̆gīrent [active, imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], rū̆gīverim [active, first-person, perfect, singular, subjunctive], rū̆gierim [active, first-person, perfect, singular, subjunctive], rū̆gīverīs [active, perfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], rū̆gierīs [active, perfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], rū̆gīverit [active, perfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], rū̆gierit [active, perfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], rū̆gīverīmus [active, first-person, perfect, plural, subjunctive], rū̆gierīmus [active, first-person, perfect, plural, subjunctive], rū̆gīverītis [active, perfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], rū̆gierītis [active, perfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], rū̆gīverint [active, perfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], rū̆gierint [active, perfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], rū̆gīvissem [active, first-person, pluperfect, singular, subjunctive], rū̆giissem [active, first-person, pluperfect, singular, subjunctive], rū̆gīvissēs [active, pluperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], rū̆giissēs [active, pluperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], rū̆gīvisset [active, pluperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], rū̆giisset [active, pluperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], rū̆gīvissēmus [active, first-person, pluperfect, plural, subjunctive], rū̆giissēmus [active, first-person, pluperfect, plural, subjunctive], rū̆gīvissētis [active, pluperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], rū̆giissētis [active, pluperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], rū̆gīvissent [active, pluperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], rū̆giissent [active, pluperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], - [active, first-person, imperative, present, singular], rū̆gī [active, imperative, present, second-person, singular], - [active, imperative, present, singular, third-person], - [active, first-person, imperative, plural, present], rū̆gīte [active, imperative, plural, present, second-person], - [active, imperative, plural, present, third-person], - [active, first-person, future, imperative, singular], rū̆gītō [active, future, imperative, second-person, singular], rū̆gītō [active, future, imperative, singular, third-person], - [active, first-person, future, imperative, plural], rū̆gītōte [active, future, imperative, plural, second-person], rū̆giuntō [active, future, imperative, plural, third-person], rū̆gīre [active, infinitive, present], rū̆gīvisse [active, infinitive, perfect], rū̆giisse [active, infinitive, perfect], - [active, future, infinitive], - [infinitive, passive, present], - [infinitive, passive, perfect], - [future, infinitive, passive], rū̆giēns [active, participle, present], - [active, participle, perfect], - [active, future, participle], - [participle, passive, present], - [participle, passive, perfect], - [future, participle, passive], rū̆giendī [genitive, gerund, noun-from-verb], rū̆giendō [dative, gerund, noun-from-verb], rū̆giendum [accusative, gerund, noun-from-verb], rū̆giendō [ablative, gerund, noun-from-verb], - [accusative, noun-from-verb, supine], - [ablative, noun-from-verb, supine]
  1. (intransitive) to roar, bellow; rumble Tags: conjugation-4, intransitive, no-supine Categories (topical): Animal sounds Synonyms (roar, bellow): mūgiō, rū̆dō
    Sense id: en-rugio-la-verb-AaJgNRk~ Disambiguation of Animal sounds: 45 55 Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Latin fourth conjugation verbs with missing supine stem, Latin fourth conjugation verbs with perfect in -i-, Latin fourth conjugation verbs with perfect in -iv-, Latin verbs with missing supine stem, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 50 50 Disambiguation of Latin fourth conjugation verbs with missing supine stem: 52 48 Disambiguation of Latin fourth conjugation verbs with perfect in -i-: 50 50 Disambiguation of Latin fourth conjugation verbs with perfect in -iv-: 50 50 Disambiguation of Latin verbs with missing supine stem: 53 47 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 47 53 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 46 54 Disambiguation of 'roar, bellow': 85 15
  2. (intransitive) to bray Tags: conjugation-4, intransitive, no-supine Categories (topical): Animal sounds
    Sense id: en-rugio-la-verb-85gOXISm Disambiguation of Animal sounds: 45 55 Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Latin fourth conjugation verbs with missing supine stem, Latin fourth conjugation verbs with perfect in -i-, Latin fourth conjugation verbs with perfect in -iv-, Latin verbs with missing supine stem, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 50 50 Disambiguation of Latin fourth conjugation verbs with missing supine stem: 52 48 Disambiguation of Latin fourth conjugation verbs with perfect in -i-: 50 50 Disambiguation of Latin fourth conjugation verbs with perfect in -iv-: 50 50 Disambiguation of Latin verbs with missing supine stem: 53 47 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 47 53 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 46 54
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: irrū̆giō, rū̆giēns, rū̆gītus Related terms: rūgō 
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "irrū̆giō"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "rū̆giēns"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "rū̆gītus"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rup",
            "2": "arujescu",
            "alt": "arujescu, arujiri"
          },
          "expansion": "Aromanian: arujescu, arujiri",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Aromanian: arujescu, arujiri"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ast",
            "2": "ruxir",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Asturian: ruxir",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Asturian: ruxir"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "rugir",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: rugir",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: rugir"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "ruggire"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: ruggire",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: ruggire"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "ruir"
          },
          "expansion": "Old French: ruir",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old French: ruir"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "roa-opt",
            "2": "rogir",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old Galician-Portuguese: rogir",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old Galician-Portuguese: rogir"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gl",
            "2": "ruxir"
          },
          "expansion": "Galician: ruxir",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Galician: ruxir"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "rugir"
          },
          "expansion": "Portuguese: rugir",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Portuguese: rugir"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osp",
            "2": "ruir"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Spanish: ruir",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Spanish: ruir"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "rugi",
            "alt": "rugi, rugire"
          },
          "expansion": "Romanian: rugi, rugire",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romanian: rugi, rugire"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "rugir",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Spanish: rugir",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Spanish: rugir"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "rugir",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Catalan: rugir",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Catalan: rugir"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "VL.",
            "2": "brugio",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: brugio",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "from a Gaulish root"
          },
          "expansion": "(from a Gaulish root)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: brugio (from a Gaulish root)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "bruire"
          },
          "expansion": "Old French: bruire",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old French: bruire"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "bruire"
          },
          "expansion": "French: bruire",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: bruire"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*rougjō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *rougjō",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἐρεύγομαι",
        "3": "",
        "4": "roar"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐρεύγομαι (ereúgomai, “roar”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewg-",
        "t": "to roar"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewg- (“to roar”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *rougjō. Per De Vaan, related to Ancient Greek ἐρεύγομαι (ereúgomai, “roar”), ὀρῠμαγδός (orumagdós, “noise”), ὠρῡγή (ōrūgḗ, “noise, roaring”), and possibly related to rū̆dō (“(of lions) to roar; (of donkeys) to bray”). Despite the phonetic similarity to ērūgō (“belch”), De Vaan thinks cognacy is unlikely, viewing the semantics as a poor match (although Greek ἐρεύγομαι (ereúgomai) also has the meaning \"belch\", which De Vaan considers a homophone). Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewg- (“to roar”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rū̆giō",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no passive",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīre",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīvī",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giī",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conjugation-4 no-supine",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆git",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīmus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gītis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giunt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giēbam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giēbās",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giēbat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giēbāmus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giēbātis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giēbant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giēs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giet",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giēmus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giētis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīvī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīvistī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giistī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīvit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīvimus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giimus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīvistis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giistis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīvērunt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīvēre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giērunt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giēre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīveram",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gieram",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīverās",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "pluperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gierās",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "pluperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīverat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gierat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīverāmus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gierāmus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīverātis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gierātis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīverant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gierant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīverō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gierō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīveris",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gieris",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīverit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gierit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīverimus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gierimus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīveritis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gieritis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīverint",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gierint",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giās",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giāmus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giātis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīrem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīrēs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīret",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīrēmus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīrētis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīrent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīverim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gierim",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "active",
        "first-person",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīverīs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gierīs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīverit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gierit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīverīmus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gierīmus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīverītis",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "active",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gierītis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīverint",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gierint",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīvissem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giissem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīvissēs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "pluperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giissēs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "pluperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīvisset",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giisset",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīvissēmus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giissēmus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīvissētis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giissētis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīvissent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giissent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gītō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gītō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gītōte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giuntō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīvisse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giisse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "passive",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "infinitive",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giēns",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "participle",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giendī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "gerund",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giendō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "gerund",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giendum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "gerund",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giendō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "gerund",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "supine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "4.nopass",
        "2": "rū̆giō",
        "3": "rū̆gīv/rū̆gi"
      },
      "expansion": "rū̆giō (present infinitive rū̆gīre, perfect active rū̆gīvī or rū̆giī); fourth conjugation, no passive, no supine stem",
      "name": "la-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "4.nopass",
        "2": "rū̆giō",
        "3": "rū̆gīv/rū̆gi"
      },
      "name": "la-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "rūgō"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin fourth conjugation verbs with missing supine stem",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin fourth conjugation verbs with perfect in -i-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin fourth conjugation verbs with perfect in -iv-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin verbs with missing supine stem",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "47 53",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "45 55",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Animal sounds",
          "orig": "la:Animal sounds",
          "parents": [
            "Sounds",
            "Vocalizations",
            "Sound",
            "Communication",
            "Energy",
            "All topics",
            "Nature",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The young lions have roared on him, and yelled; and they have made his land waste: his cities are burned up, without inhabitant.",
          "ref": "405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Ieremias.2.15",
          "text": "super eum rugierunt leones et dederunt vocem suam posuerunt terram eius in solitudinem civitates eius exustae sunt et non est qui habitet in eis"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to roar, bellow; rumble"
      ],
      "id": "en-rugio-la-verb-AaJgNRk~",
      "links": [
        [
          "roar",
          "roar"
        ],
        [
          "bellow",
          "bellow"
        ],
        [
          "rumble",
          "rumble"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to roar, bellow; rumble"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "85 15",
          "sense": "roar, bellow",
          "word": "mūgiō"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 15",
          "sense": "roar, bellow",
          "word": "rū̆dō"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conjugation-4",
        "intransitive",
        "no-supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin fourth conjugation verbs with missing supine stem",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin fourth conjugation verbs with perfect in -i-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin fourth conjugation verbs with perfect in -iv-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin verbs with missing supine stem",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "47 53",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "45 55",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Animal sounds",
          "orig": "la:Animal sounds",
          "parents": [
            "Sounds",
            "Vocalizations",
            "Sound",
            "Communication",
            "Energy",
            "All topics",
            "Nature",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to bray"
      ],
      "id": "en-rugio-la-verb-85gOXISm",
      "links": [
        [
          "bray",
          "bray"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to bray"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conjugation-4",
        "intransitive",
        "no-supine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈruː.ɡi.oː/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈruːɡioː]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈru.ɡi.oː/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈrʊɡioː]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈru.d͡ʒi.o/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈruːd͡ʒio]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "other": "/u/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rugio"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 3-syllable words",
    "Latin active-only verbs",
    "Latin defective verbs",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin fourth conjugation verbs",
    "Latin fourth conjugation verbs with missing supine stem",
    "Latin fourth conjugation verbs with perfect in -i-",
    "Latin fourth conjugation verbs with perfect in -iv-",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Latin verbs",
    "Latin verbs with missing supine stem",
    "Latin verbs with red links in their inflection tables",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "la:Animal sounds"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "irrū̆giō"
    },
    {
      "word": "rū̆giēns"
    },
    {
      "word": "rū̆gītus"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rup",
            "2": "arujescu",
            "alt": "arujescu, arujiri"
          },
          "expansion": "Aromanian: arujescu, arujiri",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Aromanian: arujescu, arujiri"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ast",
            "2": "ruxir",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Asturian: ruxir",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Asturian: ruxir"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "rugir",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: rugir",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: rugir"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "ruggire"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: ruggire",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: ruggire"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "ruir"
          },
          "expansion": "Old French: ruir",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old French: ruir"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "roa-opt",
            "2": "rogir",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old Galician-Portuguese: rogir",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old Galician-Portuguese: rogir"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gl",
            "2": "ruxir"
          },
          "expansion": "Galician: ruxir",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Galician: ruxir"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "rugir"
          },
          "expansion": "Portuguese: rugir",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Portuguese: rugir"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osp",
            "2": "ruir"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Spanish: ruir",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Spanish: ruir"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "rugi",
            "alt": "rugi, rugire"
          },
          "expansion": "Romanian: rugi, rugire",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romanian: rugi, rugire"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "rugir",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Spanish: rugir",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Spanish: rugir"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "rugir",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Catalan: rugir",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Catalan: rugir"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "VL.",
            "2": "brugio",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: brugio",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "from a Gaulish root"
          },
          "expansion": "(from a Gaulish root)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: brugio (from a Gaulish root)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "bruire"
          },
          "expansion": "Old French: bruire",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old French: bruire"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "bruire"
          },
          "expansion": "French: bruire",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: bruire"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*rougjō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *rougjō",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἐρεύγομαι",
        "3": "",
        "4": "roar"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐρεύγομαι (ereúgomai, “roar”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewg-",
        "t": "to roar"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewg- (“to roar”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *rougjō. Per De Vaan, related to Ancient Greek ἐρεύγομαι (ereúgomai, “roar”), ὀρῠμαγδός (orumagdós, “noise”), ὠρῡγή (ōrūgḗ, “noise, roaring”), and possibly related to rū̆dō (“(of lions) to roar; (of donkeys) to bray”). Despite the phonetic similarity to ērūgō (“belch”), De Vaan thinks cognacy is unlikely, viewing the semantics as a poor match (although Greek ἐρεύγομαι (ereúgomai) also has the meaning \"belch\", which De Vaan considers a homophone). Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewg- (“to roar”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rū̆giō",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no passive",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīre",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīvī",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giī",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conjugation-4 no-supine",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆git",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīmus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gītis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giunt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giēbam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giēbās",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giēbat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giēbāmus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giēbātis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giēbant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giēs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giet",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giēmus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giētis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīvī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīvistī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giistī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīvit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīvimus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giimus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīvistis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giistis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīvērunt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīvēre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giērunt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giēre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīveram",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gieram",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīverās",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "pluperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gierās",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "pluperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīverat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gierat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīverāmus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gierāmus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīverātis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gierātis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīverant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gierant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīverō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gierō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīveris",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gieris",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīverit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gierit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīverimus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gierimus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīveritis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gieritis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīverint",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gierint",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giās",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giāmus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giātis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīrem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīrēs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīret",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīrēmus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīrētis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīrent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīverim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gierim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīverīs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gierīs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīverit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gierit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīverīmus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gierīmus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīverītis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gierītis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīverint",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gierint",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīvissem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giissem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīvissēs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "pluperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giissēs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "pluperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīvisset",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giisset",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīvissēmus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giissēmus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīvissētis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giissētis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīvissent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giissent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gītō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gītō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gītōte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giuntō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆gīvisse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giisse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "passive",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "infinitive",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giēns",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "participle",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giendī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "gerund",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giendō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "gerund",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giendum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "gerund",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rū̆giendō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "gerund",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "supine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "4.nopass",
        "2": "rū̆giō",
        "3": "rū̆gīv/rū̆gi"
      },
      "expansion": "rū̆giō (present infinitive rū̆gīre, perfect active rū̆gīvī or rū̆giī); fourth conjugation, no passive, no supine stem",
      "name": "la-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "4.nopass",
        "2": "rū̆giō",
        "3": "rū̆gīv/rū̆gi"
      },
      "name": "la-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "rūgō"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin intransitive verbs",
        "Latin terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The young lions have roared on him, and yelled; and they have made his land waste: his cities are burned up, without inhabitant.",
          "ref": "405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Ieremias.2.15",
          "text": "super eum rugierunt leones et dederunt vocem suam posuerunt terram eius in solitudinem civitates eius exustae sunt et non est qui habitet in eis"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to roar, bellow; rumble"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "roar",
          "roar"
        ],
        [
          "bellow",
          "bellow"
        ],
        [
          "rumble",
          "rumble"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to roar, bellow; rumble"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conjugation-4",
        "intransitive",
        "no-supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to bray"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bray",
          "bray"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to bray"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conjugation-4",
        "intransitive",
        "no-supine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈruː.ɡi.oː/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈruːɡioː]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈru.ɡi.oː/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈrʊɡioː]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈru.d͡ʒi.o/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈruːd͡ʒio]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "other": "/u/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "roar, bellow",
      "word": "mūgiō"
    },
    {
      "sense": "roar, bellow",
      "word": "rū̆dō"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rugio"
}

Download raw JSONL data for rugio meaning in Latin (21.0kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

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