See retina in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-oit",
"2": "redina"
},
"expansion": "Old Italian: redina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Italian: redina (plural redine)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "redine",
"der": "1",
"qq": "new singular"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Italian: redine (new singular)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Italian: redine (new singular)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Lucca"
},
"expansion": "(Lucca)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Tuscan: redola (Lucca)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "rétena"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: rétena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: rétena"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "rètina"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: rètina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: rètina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gkm",
"2": "ρέτενα",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Byzantine Greek: ρέτενα (rétena)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Byzantine Greek: ρέτενα (rétena)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sometimes blended with briglia"
},
"expansion": "(sometimes blended with briglia)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "North Italian: (sometimes blended with briglia)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "redna"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: redna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: redna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "rédena"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: rédena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: rédena"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "rèdena",
"3": "redna"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: rèdena, redna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: rèdena, redna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "rëdna",
"3": "rënna"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: rëdna, rënna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: rëdna, rënna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "remni",
"qq": "pl."
},
"expansion": "Ladin: remni (pl.)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "breni",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ breni",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ladin: remni (pl.) ⇒ breni"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "rèdine"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: rèdine",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "brene",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ brene",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: rèdine ⇒ brene"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "regna"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: regna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: regna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "redena"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: redena",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "brena",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ brena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: redena ⇒ brena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "resne"
},
"expansion": "Old French: resne\nFrench: rêne\n→ English: rein",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: resne\nFrench: rêne\n→ English: rein"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Occitano-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "regna"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: regna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: regna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "retna"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: retna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: retna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "redẽa"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: redẽa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: redẽa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "rédea"
},
"expansion": "Galician: rédea",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: rédea"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "rédea"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: rédea",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: rédea"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "rienda"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: rienda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: rienda"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "rienda"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: rienda\n→? Galician: renda\n→ Tagalog: renda",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: rienda\n→? Galician: renda\n→ Tagalog: renda"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Generally explained as a deverbal of retineō (“hold back”). Alternatively, derived from retinācula (\"reins\" - far more common than the singular retināculum), reinterpreted as a feminine diminutive and back-formed into retina. Attested in the Glossarium Ansileubi, which was written between 650 and 800 CE.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "retinae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "retina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "retinae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "retinae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "retinārum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "retinae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "retinīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "retinam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "retinās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "retinā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "retinīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "retina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "retinae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "retina<1>"
},
"expansion": "retina f (genitive retinae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "retina<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 9 27 27 6 6",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Horse tack",
"orig": "la:Horse tack",
"parents": [
"Animal riding",
"Horses",
"Tools",
"Transport",
"Equids",
"Livestock",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Odd-toed ungulates",
"Agriculture",
"Animals",
"Fundamental",
"Mammals",
"Applied sciences",
"Lifeforms",
"Vertebrates",
"Sciences",
"Life",
"Chordates",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Having seized the horse's rein(s), he quickly rode it to Benevento.",
"ref": "10th century, anonymous, Chronicon Salernitanum 68, (example from DuCange)",
"text": "Apprehensaque equi Retina, celeriter eum Beneventum ducebat"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rein (strap or rope attached to a bridle or bit, used to control an animal)"
],
"id": "en-retina-la-noun-HaONjlys",
"links": [
[
"rein",
"rein"
],
[
"strap",
"strap#English"
],
[
"rope",
"rope#English"
],
[
"bridle",
"bridle#English"
],
[
"bit",
"bit#English"
],
[
"control",
"control#English"
],
[
"animal",
"animal#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"Early",
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico",
"Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch"
],
"word": "retina"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rētīna",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnā",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adjective form",
"head": "rētīna"
},
"expansion": "rētīna",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adjective form",
"head": "rētīnā"
},
"expansion": "rētīnā",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 12 35 7 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 9 27 27 6 6",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Horse tack",
"orig": "la:Horse tack",
"parents": [
"Animal riding",
"Horses",
"Tools",
"Transport",
"Equids",
"Livestock",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Odd-toed ungulates",
"Agriculture",
"Animals",
"Fundamental",
"Mammals",
"Applied sciences",
"Lifeforms",
"Vertebrates",
"Sciences",
"Life",
"Chordates",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rētīnus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rētīnus:",
"nominative/vocative feminine singular"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-retina-la-adj-vKgieMDs",
"links": [
[
"rētīnus",
"retinus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 12 35 7 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rētīnus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rētīnus:",
"nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-retina-la-adj-LcIZIt5B",
"links": [
[
"rētīnus",
"retinus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 20 30 9 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 12 35 7 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 9 27 27 6 6",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Horse tack",
"orig": "la:Horse tack",
"parents": [
"Animal riding",
"Horses",
"Tools",
"Transport",
"Equids",
"Livestock",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Odd-toed ungulates",
"Agriculture",
"Animals",
"Fundamental",
"Mammals",
"Applied sciences",
"Lifeforms",
"Vertebrates",
"Sciences",
"Life",
"Chordates",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rētīnus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ablative feminine singular of rētīnus"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en-retina-la-adj-gDOtK0IH",
"links": [
[
"rētīnus",
"retinus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"form": "rētīna",
"ipa": "/reːˈtiː.na/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīna",
"ipa": "[reːˈt̪iːnä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīna",
"ipa": "/reˈti.na/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"form": "rētīna",
"ipa": "[reˈt̪iːnä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "retina"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rethina",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: rethina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: rethina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "retina"
},
"expansion": "English: retina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: retina"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "Ellipsis of tunica rētīna (“a net-like tunic”), referring to the fibrillar texture of the eye's retina. The phrase is attested since at least the 12th century, and this noun usage since the 13th c.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rētīna",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnārum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rētīna<1>"
},
"expansion": "rētīna f (genitive rētīnae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rētīna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "la:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 8 11 16 51 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Eye",
"orig": "la:Eye",
"parents": [
"Face",
"Vision",
"Head and neck",
"Senses",
"Body parts",
"Perception",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And Avicenna says in his fourth book on Animals that the retina actually takes nutrients to the parts of the eye",
"ref": "13th c., Roger Bacon, Opus maius 5.1.2.3",
"text": "Et dicit Avicenna quarto de Animalibus, quod retina ducit nutrimentum secundum veritatem ad partes oculi"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the retina of an eye"
],
"id": "en-retina-la-noun-JsXb3Mgg",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"retina",
"retina#English"
],
[
"eye",
"eye"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin, anatomy) the retina of an eye"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/reːˈtiː.na/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[reːˈt̪iːnä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/reˈti.na/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[reˈt̪iːnä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "retina"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ῥητῑ́νη",
"4": "",
"5": "resin of the pine"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ῥητῑ́νη (rhētī́nē, “resin of the pine”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "An etymologising spelling, closer to the word’s etymon Ancient Greek ῥητῑ́νη (rhētī́nē, “resin of the pine”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rētīna",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnārum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rētīna<1>"
},
"expansion": "rētīna f (genitive rētīnae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rētīna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "resin",
"word": "rēsīna"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin medieval spellings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"medieval spelling of rēsīna (“resin”)"
],
"id": "en-retina-la-noun-WN0IW~tR",
"links": [
[
"rēsīna",
"resina#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"declension-1",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/reːˈtiː.na/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[reːˈt̪iːnä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/reˈti.na/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[reˈt̪iːnä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "retina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Early Medieval Latin",
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin nouns with red links in their inflection tables",
"Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Medieval Latin",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Eye",
"la:Horse tack"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-oit",
"2": "redina"
},
"expansion": "Old Italian: redina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Italian: redina (plural redine)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "redine",
"der": "1",
"qq": "new singular"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Italian: redine (new singular)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Italian: redine (new singular)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Lucca"
},
"expansion": "(Lucca)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Tuscan: redola (Lucca)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "rétena"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: rétena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: rétena"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "rètina"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: rètina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: rètina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gkm",
"2": "ρέτενα",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Byzantine Greek: ρέτενα (rétena)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Byzantine Greek: ρέτενα (rétena)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sometimes blended with briglia"
},
"expansion": "(sometimes blended with briglia)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "North Italian: (sometimes blended with briglia)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "redna"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: redna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: redna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "rédena"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: rédena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: rédena"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "rèdena",
"3": "redna"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: rèdena, redna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: rèdena, redna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "rëdna",
"3": "rënna"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: rëdna, rënna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: rëdna, rënna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "remni",
"qq": "pl."
},
"expansion": "Ladin: remni (pl.)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "breni",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ breni",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ladin: remni (pl.) ⇒ breni"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "rèdine"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: rèdine",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "brene",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ brene",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: rèdine ⇒ brene"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "regna"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: regna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: regna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "redena"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: redena",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "brena",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ brena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: redena ⇒ brena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "resne"
},
"expansion": "Old French: resne\nFrench: rêne\n→ English: rein",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: resne\nFrench: rêne\n→ English: rein"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Occitano-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "regna"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: regna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: regna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "retna"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: retna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: retna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "redẽa"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: redẽa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: redẽa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "rédea"
},
"expansion": "Galician: rédea",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: rédea"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "rédea"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: rédea",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: rédea"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "rienda"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: rienda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: rienda"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "rienda"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: rienda\n→? Galician: renda\n→ Tagalog: renda",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: rienda\n→? Galician: renda\n→ Tagalog: renda"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Generally explained as a deverbal of retineō (“hold back”). Alternatively, derived from retinācula (\"reins\" - far more common than the singular retināculum), reinterpreted as a feminine diminutive and back-formed into retina. Attested in the Glossarium Ansileubi, which was written between 650 and 800 CE.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "retinae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "retina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "retinae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "retinae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "retinārum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "retinae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "retinīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "retinam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "retinās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "retinā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "retinīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "retina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "retinae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "retina<1>"
},
"expansion": "retina f (genitive retinae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "retina<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Having seized the horse's rein(s), he quickly rode it to Benevento.",
"ref": "10th century, anonymous, Chronicon Salernitanum 68, (example from DuCange)",
"text": "Apprehensaque equi Retina, celeriter eum Beneventum ducebat"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rein (strap or rope attached to a bridle or bit, used to control an animal)"
],
"links": [
[
"rein",
"rein"
],
[
"strap",
"strap#English"
],
[
"rope",
"rope#English"
],
[
"bridle",
"bridle#English"
],
[
"bit",
"bit#English"
],
[
"control",
"control#English"
],
[
"animal",
"animal#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"Early",
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico",
"Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch"
],
"word": "retina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin adjective forms",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin nouns with red links in their inflection tables",
"Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Eye",
"la:Horse tack"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rētīna",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnā",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adjective form",
"head": "rētīna"
},
"expansion": "rētīna",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adjective form",
"head": "rētīnā"
},
"expansion": "rētīnā",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rētīnus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rētīnus:",
"nominative/vocative feminine singular"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"rētīnus",
"retinus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rētīnus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rētīnus:",
"nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"rētīnus",
"retinus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rētīnus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ablative feminine singular of rētīnus"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"links": [
[
"rētīnus",
"retinus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"form": "rētīna",
"ipa": "/reːˈtiː.na/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīna",
"ipa": "[reːˈt̪iːnä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīna",
"ipa": "/reˈti.na/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"form": "rētīna",
"ipa": "[reˈt̪iːnä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "retina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin nouns with red links in their inflection tables",
"Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Eye",
"la:Horse tack"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rethina",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: rethina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: rethina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "retina"
},
"expansion": "English: retina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: retina"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "Ellipsis of tunica rētīna (“a net-like tunic”), referring to the fibrillar texture of the eye's retina. The phrase is attested since at least the 12th century, and this noun usage since the 13th c.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rētīna",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnārum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rētīna<1>"
},
"expansion": "rētīna f (genitive rētīnae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rētīna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Medieval Latin",
"la:Anatomy"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And Avicenna says in his fourth book on Animals that the retina actually takes nutrients to the parts of the eye",
"ref": "13th c., Roger Bacon, Opus maius 5.1.2.3",
"text": "Et dicit Avicenna quarto de Animalibus, quod retina ducit nutrimentum secundum veritatem ad partes oculi"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the retina of an eye"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"retina",
"retina#English"
],
[
"eye",
"eye"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin, anatomy) the retina of an eye"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/reːˈtiː.na/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[reːˈt̪iːnä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/reˈti.na/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[reˈt̪iːnä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "retina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin nouns with red links in their inflection tables",
"Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Eye",
"la:Horse tack"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ῥητῑ́νη",
"4": "",
"5": "resin of the pine"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ῥητῑ́νη (rhētī́nē, “resin of the pine”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "An etymologising spelling, closer to the word’s etymon Ancient Greek ῥητῑ́νη (rhētī́nē, “resin of the pine”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rētīna",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnārum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rētīnae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rētīna<1>"
},
"expansion": "rētīna f (genitive rētīnae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rētīna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "resin",
"word": "rēsīna"
}
],
"categories": [
"Latin medieval spellings"
],
"glosses": [
"medieval spelling of rēsīna (“resin”)"
],
"links": [
[
"rēsīna",
"resina#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"declension-1",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/reːˈtiː.na/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[reːˈt̪iːnä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/reˈti.na/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[reˈt̪iːnä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "retina"
}
Download raw JSONL data for retina meaning in Latin (15.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.