See puter in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "putreō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "putrefaciō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "podre"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "putrid"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "podre"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "putre"
},
{
"lang": "Kabuverdianu",
"lang_code": "kea",
"word": "podri"
},
{
"lang": "Papiamentu",
"lang_code": "pap",
"word": "putrí"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "podre"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "podre"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"word": "poder"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Cornish",
"lang_code": "cnx",
"word": "podar"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "pwdr"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "pwdyr"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*pudr"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":der",
"3": "ine-pro:*puH-"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*puH-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"puter\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"puter\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*puH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "othar",
"g": "m",
"t": "sickness"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish othar m (“sickness”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*puH-",
"t": "rotten, foul"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *puH- (“rotten, foul”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "foul"
},
"expansion": "English foul",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-uH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-uH-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*trís"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *trís",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a stem *pŭtri-, commonly considered a close cognate to Old Irish othar m (“sickness”) (from a stem pŭtro-), from Proto-Indo-European *puH- (“rotten, foul”) (also the source of Latin pūs (“pus, foul matter”) and pūteō (“to be rotten”) and English foul; see links for additional cognates).\nIt is uncertain why *pŭtri- and *pŭtro- have short *ŭ, since the rules for the evolution of preconsonantal Proto-Indo-European *-uH- in Italic and Celtic are disputed. Proposed explanations include:\n*shortening of long vowels in a pretonic syllable (*puH-trí- > *pūtrí- > putri-) (sometimes called \"Dybo's Law\"). As there are a number of apparent counterexamples to this sound change, it is often proposed that it was only regular in certain conditions, but there is no agreement on what those conditions were.\n*simplification of a laryngeal before a two-consonant *-TC- sequence, or more specifically, before a stop + resonant + vowel (sometimes called the \"Weather Rule\", \"Wetter-Regel\" or \"WR\")\n*a variant root form *pHu-. (However, Zair 2012 argues that the sequences *CHiC-/*CHuC- probably underwent metathesis to *CiHC-/*CuHC- in Proto-Indo-European.)\nLike all other Latin three-termination third-declension adjectives, the nominative forms were affected by a combination of sound changes and analogy. The masculine nominative singular puter (rare; found in Varro and Ovid) would be the regular phonetic outcome of an earlier form *putr̥s (with syllabic *r̥), from syncope of original putris. (Compare ter from Proto-Indo-European *trís.) It is also declined as a two-termination adjective with the alternative masculine nominative singular putris (e.g. \"lapis ipse gracilis et putris\", Pliny Epistulae 10.39).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "puter",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "putris",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "putris",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "putre",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "puter",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "putris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "putris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "putre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "putrēs",
"links": [
[
"putrēs",
"putres#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "putria",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "putris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "putrium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "putrī",
"links": [
[
"putrī",
"putri#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "putribus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "putrem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "putre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "putrīs",
"links": [
[
"putrīs",
"putris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "putrēs",
"links": [
[
"putrēs",
"putres#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "putria",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "putrī",
"links": [
[
"putrī",
"putri#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "putribus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "puter",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "putris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "putris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "putre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "putrēs",
"links": [
[
"putrēs",
"putres#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "putria",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "puter<3+>",
"nom_sg_m": "puter/putris"
},
"expansion": "puter or putris (feminine putris, neuter putre); third-declension three-termination adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "puter<3+>",
"nom_sg_m": "puter/putris",
"voc_sg_m": "puter/putris"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin third declension adjectives of three terminations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
2,
8
]
],
"english": "a rotten corpse",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "cadāver putre",
"translation": "a rotten corpse",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rotten, decaying"
],
"id": "en-puter-la-adj-DYROqTnd",
"links": [
[
"rotten",
"rotten"
],
[
"decaying",
"decaying"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "rotten",
"word": "pūtidus"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "rotten",
"word": "putridus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"three-termination"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin third declension adjectives of three terminations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crumbling, friable"
],
"id": "en-puter-la-adj-qBGCmmK-",
"links": [
[
"crumbling",
"crumbling"
],
[
"friable",
"friable"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"three-termination"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʊ.tɛr]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuː.ter]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "puter"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *puH-",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin third declension adjectives",
"Latin third declension adjectives of three terminations",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "putreō"
},
{
"word": "putrefaciō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "podre"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "putrid"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "podre"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "putre"
},
{
"lang": "Kabuverdianu",
"lang_code": "kea",
"word": "podri"
},
{
"lang": "Papiamentu",
"lang_code": "pap",
"word": "putrí"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "podre"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "podre"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"word": "poder"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Cornish",
"lang_code": "cnx",
"word": "podar"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "pwdr"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "pwdyr"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*pudr"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":der",
"3": "ine-pro:*puH-"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*puH-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"puter\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"puter\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*puH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "othar",
"g": "m",
"t": "sickness"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish othar m (“sickness”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*puH-",
"t": "rotten, foul"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *puH- (“rotten, foul”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "foul"
},
"expansion": "English foul",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-uH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-uH-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*trís"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *trís",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a stem *pŭtri-, commonly considered a close cognate to Old Irish othar m (“sickness”) (from a stem pŭtro-), from Proto-Indo-European *puH- (“rotten, foul”) (also the source of Latin pūs (“pus, foul matter”) and pūteō (“to be rotten”) and English foul; see links for additional cognates).\nIt is uncertain why *pŭtri- and *pŭtro- have short *ŭ, since the rules for the evolution of preconsonantal Proto-Indo-European *-uH- in Italic and Celtic are disputed. Proposed explanations include:\n*shortening of long vowels in a pretonic syllable (*puH-trí- > *pūtrí- > putri-) (sometimes called \"Dybo's Law\"). As there are a number of apparent counterexamples to this sound change, it is often proposed that it was only regular in certain conditions, but there is no agreement on what those conditions were.\n*simplification of a laryngeal before a two-consonant *-TC- sequence, or more specifically, before a stop + resonant + vowel (sometimes called the \"Weather Rule\", \"Wetter-Regel\" or \"WR\")\n*a variant root form *pHu-. (However, Zair 2012 argues that the sequences *CHiC-/*CHuC- probably underwent metathesis to *CiHC-/*CuHC- in Proto-Indo-European.)\nLike all other Latin three-termination third-declension adjectives, the nominative forms were affected by a combination of sound changes and analogy. The masculine nominative singular puter (rare; found in Varro and Ovid) would be the regular phonetic outcome of an earlier form *putr̥s (with syllabic *r̥), from syncope of original putris. (Compare ter from Proto-Indo-European *trís.) It is also declined as a two-termination adjective with the alternative masculine nominative singular putris (e.g. \"lapis ipse gracilis et putris\", Pliny Epistulae 10.39).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "puter",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "putris",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "putris",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "putre",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "puter",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "putris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "putris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "putre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "putrēs",
"links": [
[
"putrēs",
"putres#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "putria",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "putris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "putrium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "putrī",
"links": [
[
"putrī",
"putri#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "putribus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "putrem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "putre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "putrīs",
"links": [
[
"putrīs",
"putris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "putrēs",
"links": [
[
"putrēs",
"putres#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "putria",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "putrī",
"links": [
[
"putrī",
"putri#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "putribus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "puter",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "putris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "putris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "putre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "putrēs",
"links": [
[
"putrēs",
"putres#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "putria",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "puter<3+>",
"nom_sg_m": "puter/putris"
},
"expansion": "puter or putris (feminine putris, neuter putre); third-declension three-termination adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "puter<3+>",
"nom_sg_m": "puter/putris",
"voc_sg_m": "puter/putris"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
2,
8
]
],
"english": "a rotten corpse",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "cadāver putre",
"translation": "a rotten corpse",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rotten, decaying"
],
"links": [
[
"rotten",
"rotten"
],
[
"decaying",
"decaying"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"three-termination"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"crumbling, friable"
],
"links": [
[
"crumbling",
"crumbling"
],
[
"friable",
"friable"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"three-termination"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʊ.tɛr]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuː.ter]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "rotten",
"word": "pūtidus"
},
{
"sense": "rotten",
"word": "putridus"
}
],
"word": "puter"
}
Download raw JSONL data for puter meaning in Latin (8.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (e79dea5 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.