See plumbum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "plumbum album"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "plumbum nigrum"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "peumu"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "piumbu"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "piumu"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "plumbu"
}
],
"lang": "Insular Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "pliumbu"
},
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "pljumbu"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "plumb"
}
],
"lang": "Balkano-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Corsican",
"lang_code": "co",
"word": "piombu"
},
{
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "dlm",
"word": "plomb"
},
{
"lang": "Istriot",
"lang_code": "ist",
"word": "piònbo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "pion"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "piombo"
},
{
"lang": "Judeo-Italian",
"lang_code": "itk",
"roman": "pəlumo",
"word": "פְלוּמוֹ"
},
{
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"lang_code": "nap",
"word": "chiummo"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "chiummu"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "piònbo"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "plomp"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "plomb"
},
{
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"word": "plom"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "plum"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "plùn"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "plùm"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "plom"
}
],
"lang": "Rhaeto-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"word": "piòmb"
},
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"word": "cióngio"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "piomb"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "piom"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "piomb"
},
{
"lang": "Romagnol",
"lang_code": "rgn",
"word": "piòmb"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Italic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "plomb"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "plomb"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "plom"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "plomb"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"raw_tags": [
"latinized"
],
"word": "plomb"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "plumb"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "plummet"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plumme"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "plumb"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "plummet"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"from a feminine form?"
],
"word": "plumbe"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "plum"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "plomb"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "plom"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "plomb"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"raw_tags": [
"latinized"
],
"word": "plomb"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "plumb"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "plummet"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plumme"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "plumb"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "plummet"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"from a feminine form?"
],
"word": "plumbe"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "plom"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "plomb"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "plom"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "plomb"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"raw_tags": [
"latinized"
],
"word": "plomb"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "plumb"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "plummet"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plumme"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "plumb"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "plummet"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"from a feminine form?"
],
"word": "plumbe"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "plonc"
}
],
"lang": "Northern",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "plom"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plomu"
},
{
"lang": "Senhaja de Srair",
"lang_code": "sjs",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plumu"
},
{
"lang": "Tarifit",
"lang_code": "rif",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plumu"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain",
"see etymology"
],
"word": "plomo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Catalan",
"lang_code": "roa-oca",
"word": "plom"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "plom"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"raw_tags": [
"latinized"
],
"word": "plomb"
}
],
"lang": "Old Occitan",
"lang_code": "pro",
"word": "plom"
}
],
"lang": "Southern",
"lang_code": "sdh"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ribagorçan",
"lang_code": "an",
"word": "pllom"
}
],
"lang": "Aragonese",
"lang_code": "an",
"word": "plomo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ribagorçan",
"lang_code": "an",
"word": "pllom"
}
],
"lang": "Aragonese",
"lang_code": "an",
"word": "plom"
},
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"raw_tags": [
"Western Asturias"
],
"word": "chombu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "chumbo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "chumbo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "chumbo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "chumbo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "chumbo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "chonbo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "chumbo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "chumbo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "chũbo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "chumbo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "chumbo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "chunbo"
}
],
"lang": "Ibero-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plumb"
},
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plombu"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plumbum"
},
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plumbo"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Plumbum"
},
{
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plombo"
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plumbum"
},
{
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plumbo"
},
{
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plómb"
},
{
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plumbum"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"semi-learned borrowing",
"semi-learned"
],
"word": "prumo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"word": "plomm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "plom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Breton",
"lang_code": "xbm",
"word": "plom"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "plwm"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "plwm"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*plum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"id": "lead"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "μόλυβδος",
"t": "lead"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μόλυβδος (mólubdos, “lead”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸloudom",
"t": "lead"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸloudom (“lead”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*plowdʰo-",
"t": "lead"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *plowdʰo- (“lead”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ett",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Etruscan",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "xib",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Iberian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ber",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Berber",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "shi",
"2": "aldun"
},
"expansion": "Tashelhit aldun",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sjs",
"2": "andun"
},
"expansion": "Senhaja de Srair andun",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally connected to Ancient Greek μόλυβδος (mólubdos, “lead”); however, this is repudiated by Beekes, who instead connects the Latin term to Proto-Celtic *ɸloudom (“lead”). De Vaan accepts this cognate pairing, but notes that the Latin and Celtic terms would have to be borrowed from a substrate language due to phonetic mismatches if the Latin were inherited directly from Proto-Indo-European *plowdʰo- (“lead”). Said substrate may be Etruscan, Iberian, or some other pre-Indo-European Mediterranean language; compare Berber forms such as Tashelhit aldun and Senhaja de Srair andun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plumbī",
"links": [
[
"plumbī",
"plumbi"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plumba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbī",
"links": [
[
"plumbī",
"plumbi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbōrum",
"links": [
[
"plumbōrum",
"plumborum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbō",
"links": [
[
"plumbō",
"plumbo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbīs",
"links": [
[
"plumbīs",
"plumbis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plumba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbō",
"links": [
[
"plumbō",
"plumbo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbīs",
"links": [
[
"plumbīs",
"plumbis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plumba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "plumbum<2>"
},
"expansion": "plumbum n (genitive plumbī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "plumbum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "plumbāgō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "plumbārium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "plumbārius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "plumbātūra"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "plumbātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "plumbea"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "plumbeum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "plumbeus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "plumbō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "plumbōsus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 12 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Metals",
"orig": "la:Metals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lead (metal)"
],
"id": "en-plumbum-la-noun-70rQOrHU",
"links": [
[
"lead",
"lead"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 45 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ball of lead"
],
"id": "en-plumbum-la-noun-mUaDEc0Q",
"links": [
[
"ball",
"ball"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "7 81 13 0",
"sense": "a ball of lead",
"word": "plumbea"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pipe of lead"
],
"id": "en-plumbum-la-noun-XmZiAyKy",
"links": [
[
"pipe",
"pipe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic) pipe of lead"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "New Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 23 23 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 23 23 30",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Building materials",
"orig": "la:Building materials",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 19 19 42",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Chemical elements",
"orig": "la:Chemical elements",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pencil"
],
"id": "en-plumbum-la-noun-E4CWaPtD",
"links": [
[
"pencil",
"pencil"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(New Latin) pencil"
],
"tags": [
"New-Latin",
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɫʊm.bũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈplum.bum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "plumbum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms borrowed from Etruscan",
"Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Etruscan",
"Latin terms derived from Iberian",
"Latin terms derived from substrate languages",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"la:Building materials",
"la:Chemical elements",
"la:Metals"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "plumbum album"
},
{
"word": "plumbum nigrum"
}
],
"descendants": [
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},
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},
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},
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],
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},
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},
{
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},
{
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"lang_code": "pl",
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],
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}
],
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"lang_code": "it",
"word": "piombo"
},
{
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"lang_code": "itk",
"roman": "pəlumo",
"word": "פְלוּמוֹ"
},
{
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"lang_code": "nap",
"word": "chiummo"
},
{
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"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "chiummu"
},
{
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}
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "plùn"
},
{
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"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "plùm"
},
{
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"word": "plom"
}
],
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},
{
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{
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{
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"word": "cióngio"
},
{
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},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "piom"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "piomb"
},
{
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}
],
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"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
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{
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{
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},
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"latinized"
],
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{
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{
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],
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},
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}
],
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"borrowed",
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],
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}
],
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},
{
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],
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},
{
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}
],
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],
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},
{
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},
{
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}
],
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"borrowed"
],
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{
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},
{
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}
],
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"borrowed",
"from a feminine form?"
],
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}
],
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},
{
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{
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],
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},
{
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{
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}
],
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"latinized"
],
"word": "plomb"
},
{
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{
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},
{
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}
],
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"borrowed"
],
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},
{
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},
{
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}
],
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"borrowed",
"from a feminine form?"
],
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}
],
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}
],
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"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
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{
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},
{
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{
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"borrowed"
],
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},
{
"lang": "Senhaja de Srair",
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"borrowed"
],
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},
{
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"borrowed"
],
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}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
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"borrowed",
"uncertain",
"see etymology"
],
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}
],
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},
{
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{
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},
{
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"latinized"
],
"word": "plomb"
}
],
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"lang_code": "pro",
"word": "plom"
}
],
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"lang_code": "sdh"
}
],
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"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
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{
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{
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}
],
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},
{
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{
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],
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},
{
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"Western Asturias"
],
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},
{
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{
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"word": "chumbo"
},
{
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}
],
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"lang_code": "roa-opt",
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},
{
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{
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{
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}
],
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},
{
"descendants": [
{
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},
{
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}
],
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},
{
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{
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{
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],
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}
],
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},
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "plumb"
},
{
"lang": "Asturian",
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "plombu"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "plumbum"
},
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "plumbo"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "Plumbum"
},
{
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
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"borrowed"
],
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},
{
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"lang_code": "id",
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "plumbum"
},
{
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"lang_code": "ia",
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"borrowed"
],
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},
{
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "plómb"
},
{
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plumbum"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"semi-learned borrowing",
"semi-learned"
],
"word": "prumo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
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"lang_code": "kw",
"word": "plomm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
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}
],
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"lang_code": "xbm",
"word": "plom"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
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"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "plwm"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "plwm"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*plum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"id": "lead"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "μόλυβδος",
"t": "lead"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μόλυβδος (mólubdos, “lead”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸloudom",
"t": "lead"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸloudom (“lead”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*plowdʰo-",
"t": "lead"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *plowdʰo- (“lead”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ett",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Etruscan",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "xib",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Iberian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ber",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Berber",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "shi",
"2": "aldun"
},
"expansion": "Tashelhit aldun",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sjs",
"2": "andun"
},
"expansion": "Senhaja de Srair andun",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally connected to Ancient Greek μόλυβδος (mólubdos, “lead”); however, this is repudiated by Beekes, who instead connects the Latin term to Proto-Celtic *ɸloudom (“lead”). De Vaan accepts this cognate pairing, but notes that the Latin and Celtic terms would have to be borrowed from a substrate language due to phonetic mismatches if the Latin were inherited directly from Proto-Indo-European *plowdʰo- (“lead”). Said substrate may be Etruscan, Iberian, or some other pre-Indo-European Mediterranean language; compare Berber forms such as Tashelhit aldun and Senhaja de Srair andun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plumbī",
"links": [
[
"plumbī",
"plumbi"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plumba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbī",
"links": [
[
"plumbī",
"plumbi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbōrum",
"links": [
[
"plumbōrum",
"plumborum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbō",
"links": [
[
"plumbō",
"plumbo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbīs",
"links": [
[
"plumbīs",
"plumbis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plumba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbō",
"links": [
[
"plumbō",
"plumbo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbīs",
"links": [
[
"plumbīs",
"plumbis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plumba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "plumbum<2>"
},
"expansion": "plumbum n (genitive plumbī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "plumbum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "plumbāgō"
},
{
"word": "plumbārium"
},
{
"word": "plumbārius"
},
{
"word": "plumbātūra"
},
{
"word": "plumbātus"
},
{
"word": "plumbea"
},
{
"word": "plumbeum"
},
{
"word": "plumbeus"
},
{
"word": "plumbō"
},
{
"word": "plumbōsus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lead (metal)"
],
"links": [
[
"lead",
"lead"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ball of lead"
],
"links": [
[
"ball",
"ball"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin poetic terms"
],
"glosses": [
"pipe of lead"
],
"links": [
[
"pipe",
"pipe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic) pipe of lead"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"New Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"pencil"
],
"links": [
[
"pencil",
"pencil"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(New Latin) pencil"
],
"tags": [
"New-Latin",
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɫʊm.bũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈplum.bum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "a ball of lead",
"word": "plumbea"
}
],
"word": "plumbum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for plumbum meaning in Latin (13.2kB)
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}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.