See plumbum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "plumbum album"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "plumbum nigrum"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "pliumbu",
"3": "pljumbu"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: pliumbu, pljumbu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: pliumbu, pljumbu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "plumb"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: plumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: plumb"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "piombu"
},
"expansion": "Corsican: piombu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Corsican: piombu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "piombo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: piombo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: piombo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "chiummo"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: chiummo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: chiummo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "chiummu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: chiummu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: chiummu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "piòmb"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: piòmb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: piòmb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "plomp",
"3": "plomb"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: plomp, plomb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: plomp, plomb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "cióngio"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: cióngio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: cióngio"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "piomb",
"3": "piom"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: piomb, piom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: piomb, piom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "piomb"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: piomb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: piomb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "piòmb"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: piòmb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: piòmb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "plum",
"3": "plùn",
"4": "plùm",
"5": "plom",
"g2": "m",
"g3": "m",
"g4": "m"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: plum, plùn m, plùm m, plom m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: plum, plùn m, plùm m, plom m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "piònbo"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: piònbo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: piònbo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "plomb"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: plomb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: plomb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "plomb"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: plomb",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: plomb"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "plomb"
},
"expansion": "French: plomb",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "plombe",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ plombe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: plomb ⇒ plombe"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Plombe",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Plombe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Plombe"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "plumbe",
"3": "plumme",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: plumbe, plumme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: plumbe, plumme"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "plumb"
},
"expansion": "English: plumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: plumb"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "plom"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: plom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: plom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "plomu",
"3": "plombu",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Asturian: plomu, plombu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Asturian: plomu, plombu"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "plomo",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Spanish: plomo",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "can also be from Aragonese or an early semi-borrowing"
},
"expansion": "(can also be from Aragonese or an early semi-borrowing)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→? Spanish: plomo (can also be from Aragonese or an early semi-borrowing)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "plomb"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: plomb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: plomb"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "plomo",
"3": "plom"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: plomo, plom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: plomo, plom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ribagorçan: pllom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "chumbo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: chumbo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: chumbo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "chumbo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: chumbo",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "prumo",
"nolb": "1",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ prumo (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: chumbo → prumo (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "peumu",
"3": "piumbu",
"4": "piumu",
"5": "plumbu"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: peumu, piumbu, piumu, plumbu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: peumu, piumbu, piumu, plumbu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "plumb",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: plumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: plumb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "plumbum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: plumbum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: plumbum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Plumbum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Plumbum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Plumbum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "plómb",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Limburgish: plómb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Limburgish: plómb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "plumbum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Malay: plumbum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Malay: plumbum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*plum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *plum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *plum"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "plwm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: plwm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: plwm"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "plwm"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: plwm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: plwm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "μόλυβδος",
"4": "",
"5": "lead"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μόλυβδος (mólubdos, “lead”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸloudom",
"3": "",
"4": "lead"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸloudom (“lead”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*plowdʰo-",
"t": "lead"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *plowdʰo- (“lead”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ett",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Etruscan",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "xib",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Iberian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ber-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*būldūn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Berber *būldūn",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally connected to Ancient Greek μόλυβδος (mólubdos, “lead”); however, this is repudiated by Beekes, who instead connects the Latin term to Proto-Celtic *ɸloudom (“lead”). De Vaan accepts this cognate pairing, but notes that the Latin and Celtic terms would have to be borrowed from a substrate language due to phonetic mismatches if the Latin were inherited directly from Proto-Indo-European *plowdʰo- (“lead”). Said substrate may be Etruscan, Iberian, or some other pre-Indo-European Mediterranean language; compare Proto-Berber *būldūn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plumbī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plumba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plumba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plumba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "plumbum<2>"
},
"expansion": "plumbum n (genitive plumbī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "plumbum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "plumbāgō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "plumbārium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "plumbārius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "plumbātūra"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "plumbātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "plumbea"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "plumbeum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "plumbeus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "plumbō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "plumbōsus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 44 8 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Metals",
"orig": "la:Metals",
"parents": [
"Matter",
"Metallurgy",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Technology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lead (metal)"
],
"id": "en-plumbum-la-noun-70rQOrHU",
"links": [
[
"lead",
"lead"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 45 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 55 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 55 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 74 9 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Building materials",
"orig": "la:Building materials",
"parents": [
"Construction",
"Materials",
"Architecture",
"Engineering",
"Manufacturing",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Technology",
"Human activity",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Society",
"Fundamental",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 74 9 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Chemical elements",
"orig": "la:Chemical elements",
"parents": [
"Matter",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 44 8 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Metals",
"orig": "la:Metals",
"parents": [
"Matter",
"Metallurgy",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Technology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ball of lead"
],
"id": "en-plumbum-la-noun-mUaDEc0Q",
"links": [
[
"ball",
"ball"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "7 81 13 0",
"sense": "a ball of lead",
"word": "plumbea"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pipe of lead"
],
"id": "en-plumbum-la-noun-XmZiAyKy",
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"pipe",
"pipe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic) pipe of lead"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "New Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pencil"
],
"id": "en-plumbum-la-noun-E4CWaPtD",
"links": [
[
"pencil",
"pencil"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(New Latin) pencil"
],
"tags": [
"New-Latin",
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈplum.bum/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɫ̪ʊmbʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈplum.bum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈplumbum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"la:plumbum"
],
"word": "plumbum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms borrowed from Etruscan",
"Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Etruscan",
"Latin terms derived from Iberian",
"Latin terms derived from substrate languages",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Building materials",
"la:Chemical elements",
"la:Metals"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "plumbum album"
},
{
"word": "plumbum nigrum"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "pliumbu",
"3": "pljumbu"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: pliumbu, pljumbu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: pliumbu, pljumbu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "plumb"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: plumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: plumb"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "piombu"
},
"expansion": "Corsican: piombu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Corsican: piombu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "piombo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: piombo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: piombo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "chiummo"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: chiummo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: chiummo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "chiummu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: chiummu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: chiummu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "piòmb"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: piòmb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: piòmb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "plomp",
"3": "plomb"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: plomp, plomb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: plomp, plomb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "cióngio"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: cióngio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: cióngio"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "piomb",
"3": "piom"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: piomb, piom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: piomb, piom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "piomb"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: piomb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: piomb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "piòmb"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: piòmb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: piòmb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "plum",
"3": "plùn",
"4": "plùm",
"5": "plom",
"g2": "m",
"g3": "m",
"g4": "m"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: plum, plùn m, plùm m, plom m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: plum, plùn m, plùm m, plom m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "piònbo"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: piònbo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: piònbo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "plomb"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: plomb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: plomb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "plomb"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: plomb",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: plomb"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "plomb"
},
"expansion": "French: plomb",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "plombe",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ plombe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: plomb ⇒ plombe"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Plombe",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Plombe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Plombe"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "plumbe",
"3": "plumme",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: plumbe, plumme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: plumbe, plumme"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "plumb"
},
"expansion": "English: plumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: plumb"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "plom"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: plom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: plom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "plomu",
"3": "plombu",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Asturian: plomu, plombu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Asturian: plomu, plombu"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "plomo",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Spanish: plomo",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "can also be from Aragonese or an early semi-borrowing"
},
"expansion": "(can also be from Aragonese or an early semi-borrowing)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→? Spanish: plomo (can also be from Aragonese or an early semi-borrowing)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "plomb"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: plomb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: plomb"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "plomo",
"3": "plom"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: plomo, plom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: plomo, plom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ribagorçan: pllom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "chumbo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: chumbo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: chumbo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "chumbo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: chumbo",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "prumo",
"nolb": "1",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ prumo (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: chumbo → prumo (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "peumu",
"3": "piumbu",
"4": "piumu",
"5": "plumbu"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: peumu, piumbu, piumu, plumbu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: peumu, piumbu, piumu, plumbu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "plumb",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: plumb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: plumb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "plumbum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: plumbum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: plumbum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Plumbum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Plumbum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Plumbum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "plómb",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Limburgish: plómb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Limburgish: plómb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "plumbum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Malay: plumbum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Malay: plumbum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*plum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *plum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *plum"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "plwm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: plwm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: plwm"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "plwm"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: plwm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: plwm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "μόλυβδος",
"4": "",
"5": "lead"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μόλυβδος (mólubdos, “lead”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸloudom",
"3": "",
"4": "lead"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸloudom (“lead”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*plowdʰo-",
"t": "lead"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *plowdʰo- (“lead”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ett",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Etruscan",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "xib",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Iberian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ber-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*būldūn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Berber *būldūn",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally connected to Ancient Greek μόλυβδος (mólubdos, “lead”); however, this is repudiated by Beekes, who instead connects the Latin term to Proto-Celtic *ɸloudom (“lead”). De Vaan accepts this cognate pairing, but notes that the Latin and Celtic terms would have to be borrowed from a substrate language due to phonetic mismatches if the Latin were inherited directly from Proto-Indo-European *plowdʰo- (“lead”). Said substrate may be Etruscan, Iberian, or some other pre-Indo-European Mediterranean language; compare Proto-Berber *būldūn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plumbī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plumba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plumba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plumbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plumba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "plumbum<2>"
},
"expansion": "plumbum n (genitive plumbī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "plumbum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "plumbāgō"
},
{
"word": "plumbārium"
},
{
"word": "plumbārius"
},
{
"word": "plumbātūra"
},
{
"word": "plumbātus"
},
{
"word": "plumbea"
},
{
"word": "plumbeum"
},
{
"word": "plumbeus"
},
{
"word": "plumbō"
},
{
"word": "plumbōsus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lead (metal)"
],
"links": [
[
"lead",
"lead"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ball of lead"
],
"links": [
[
"ball",
"ball"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin poetic terms"
],
"glosses": [
"pipe of lead"
],
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"pipe",
"pipe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic) pipe of lead"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"New Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"pencil"
],
"links": [
[
"pencil",
"pencil"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(New Latin) pencil"
],
"tags": [
"New-Latin",
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈplum.bum/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɫ̪ʊmbʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈplum.bum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈplumbum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "a ball of lead",
"word": "plumbea"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"la:plumbum"
],
"word": "plumbum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for plumbum meaning in Latin (11.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.