See pessimus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "optimus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "pesme"
},
"expansion": "Old French: pesme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: pesme"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "pésimu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Asturian: pésimu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Asturian: pésimu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "pèssim",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: pèssim",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: pèssim"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pessimal",
"3": "pessimism",
"4": "pessimist",
"5": "pessimistic",
"6": "pessimum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: pessimal, pessimism, pessimist, pessimistic, pessimum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: pessimal, pessimism, pessimist, pessimistic, pessimum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pessimisme",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: pessimisme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: pessimisme"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "pésimo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Galician: pésimo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Galician: pésimo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pessimo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: pessimo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: pessimo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "péssimo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: péssimo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: péssimo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "pésimo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: pésimo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: pésimo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*pessemos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *pessemos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ped-tm̥mo-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ped-tm̥mo-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ped-",
"3": "*-tm̥mos",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "superlative suffix",
"t1": "to walk, fall, stumble"
},
"expansion": "*ped- (“to walk, fall, stumble”) + *-tm̥mos (superlative suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ped-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *pessemos, from Proto-Indo-European *ped-tm̥mo-s, from *ped- (“to walk, fall, stumble”) + *-tm̥mos (superlative suffix). Related to peior. See also -issimus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pessima",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pessima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pessima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pessima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pessime",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pessima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pessima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pessimus"
},
"expansion": "pessimus (superlative, feminine pessima, neuter pessimum); first/second declension",
"name": "la-adj-sup"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pessimus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "the worst or most evil",
"word": "malus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"superlative degree of malus; the worst or most evil"
],
"id": "en-pessimus-la-adj-haas8bSG",
"links": [
[
"malus",
"malus#Latin"
],
[
"worst",
"worst"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "deterrimus, nequissimus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"form-of",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛs.sɪ.mʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛs.si.mus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pessimus"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "optimus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "pesme"
},
"expansion": "Old French: pesme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: pesme"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "pésimu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Asturian: pésimu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Asturian: pésimu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "pèssim",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: pèssim",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: pèssim"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pessimal",
"3": "pessimism",
"4": "pessimist",
"5": "pessimistic",
"6": "pessimum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: pessimal, pessimism, pessimist, pessimistic, pessimum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: pessimal, pessimism, pessimist, pessimistic, pessimum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pessimisme",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: pessimisme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: pessimisme"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "pésimo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Galician: pésimo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Galician: pésimo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pessimo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: pessimo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: pessimo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "péssimo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: péssimo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: péssimo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "pésimo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: pésimo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: pésimo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*pessemos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *pessemos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ped-tm̥mo-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ped-tm̥mo-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ped-",
"3": "*-tm̥mos",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "superlative suffix",
"t1": "to walk, fall, stumble"
},
"expansion": "*ped- (“to walk, fall, stumble”) + *-tm̥mos (superlative suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ped-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *pessemos, from Proto-Indo-European *ped-tm̥mo-s, from *ped- (“to walk, fall, stumble”) + *-tm̥mos (superlative suffix). Related to peior. See also -issimus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pessima",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pessima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pessima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pessima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pessime",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pessima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pessima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pessimus"
},
"expansion": "pessimus (superlative, feminine pessima, neuter pessimum); first/second declension",
"name": "la-adj-sup"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pessimus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin superlative adjectives",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ped-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "the worst or most evil",
"word": "malus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"superlative degree of malus; the worst or most evil"
],
"links": [
[
"malus",
"malus#Latin"
],
[
"worst",
"worst"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "deterrimus, nequissimus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"form-of",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛs.sɪ.mʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛs.si.mus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pessimus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pessimus meaning in Latin (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (92124b4 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.