See penuria in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "penury"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "pénurie"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "penuria"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "penúria"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "penurie"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "pinùria"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "penuria"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps related to paene (“almost”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pēnūria",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriae",
"links": [
[
"pēnūriae",
"penuriae"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūria",
"links": [
[
"pēnūria",
"penuria#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriae",
"links": [
[
"pēnūriae",
"penuriae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriae",
"links": [
[
"pēnūriae",
"penuriae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriārum",
"links": [
[
"pēnūriārum",
"penuriarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriae",
"links": [
[
"pēnūriae",
"penuriae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriīs",
"links": [
[
"pēnūriīs",
"penuriis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriam",
"links": [
[
"pēnūriam",
"penuriam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriās",
"links": [
[
"pēnūriās",
"penurias#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriā",
"links": [
[
"pēnūriā",
"penuria#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriīs",
"links": [
[
"pēnūriīs",
"penuriis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūria",
"links": [
[
"pēnūria",
"penuria#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriae",
"links": [
[
"pēnūriae",
"penuriae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "paenūria",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pēnūria<1>"
},
"expansion": "pēnūria f (genitive pēnūriae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pēnūria<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "dīvitiae"
},
{
"word": "opulentia"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "48 45 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 46 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[…] but the beauty of the youngest was so marvellous and dazzling that it could neither be expressed nor sufficiently praised by the paucity of human speech.",
"ref": "c. 125 CE – 180 CE, Apuleius, Metamorphoses (Apuleius) 4.28",
"text": "[…] at vērō puellae iūniōris tam praecipua, tam praeclāra pulchritūdō nec exprimī ac ne sufficienter quidem laudārī sermōnis hūmānī pēnūriā poterat.",
"translation": "[…] but the beauty of the youngest was so marvellous and dazzling that it could neither be expressed nor sufficiently praised by the paucity of human speech.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"want, need, scarcity"
],
"id": "en-penuria-la-noun-FkzWse9A",
"links": [
[
"want",
"want"
],
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"scarcity",
"scarcity"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "egestās"
},
{
"word": "paupertās"
},
{
"word": "dēsīderium"
},
{
"word": "necessitās"
},
{
"word": "inopia"
},
{
"word": "indigentia"
},
{
"word": "ūsus"
},
{
"word": "opus"
},
{
"word": "angustia"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[peːˈnuː.ri.a]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peˈnuː.ri.a]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "penuria"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "penury"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "pénurie"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "penuria"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "penúria"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "penurie"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "pinùria"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "penuria"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps related to paene (“almost”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pēnūria",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriae",
"links": [
[
"pēnūriae",
"penuriae"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūria",
"links": [
[
"pēnūria",
"penuria#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriae",
"links": [
[
"pēnūriae",
"penuriae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriae",
"links": [
[
"pēnūriae",
"penuriae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriārum",
"links": [
[
"pēnūriārum",
"penuriarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriae",
"links": [
[
"pēnūriae",
"penuriae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriīs",
"links": [
[
"pēnūriīs",
"penuriis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriam",
"links": [
[
"pēnūriam",
"penuriam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriās",
"links": [
[
"pēnūriās",
"penurias#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriā",
"links": [
[
"pēnūriā",
"penuria#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriīs",
"links": [
[
"pēnūriīs",
"penuriis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūria",
"links": [
[
"pēnūria",
"penuria#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriae",
"links": [
[
"pēnūriae",
"penuriae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "paenūria",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pēnūria<1>"
},
"expansion": "pēnūria f (genitive pēnūriae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pēnūria<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "dīvitiae"
},
{
"word": "opulentia"
}
],
"categories": [
"Latin 4-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[…] but the beauty of the youngest was so marvellous and dazzling that it could neither be expressed nor sufficiently praised by the paucity of human speech.",
"ref": "c. 125 CE – 180 CE, Apuleius, Metamorphoses (Apuleius) 4.28",
"text": "[…] at vērō puellae iūniōris tam praecipua, tam praeclāra pulchritūdō nec exprimī ac ne sufficienter quidem laudārī sermōnis hūmānī pēnūriā poterat.",
"translation": "[…] but the beauty of the youngest was so marvellous and dazzling that it could neither be expressed nor sufficiently praised by the paucity of human speech.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"want, need, scarcity"
],
"links": [
[
"want",
"want"
],
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"scarcity",
"scarcity"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "egestās"
},
{
"word": "paupertās"
},
{
"word": "dēsīderium"
},
{
"word": "necessitās"
},
{
"word": "inopia"
},
{
"word": "indigentia"
},
{
"word": "ūsus"
},
{
"word": "opus"
},
{
"word": "angustia"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[peːˈnuː.ri.a]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peˈnuː.ri.a]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "penuria"
}
Download raw JSONL data for penuria meaning in Latin (4.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.