See penuria on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "pēnūria"
},
"expansion": "Latin pēnūria",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pēnūria.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penurie",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "penuria f (plural penurie)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧nù‧ria"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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{
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "49 45 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 46 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shortage, lack, scarcity, scarceness"
],
"id": "en-penuria-it-noun-ypkiqomB",
"links": [
[
"shortage",
"shortage"
],
[
"lack",
"lack"
],
[
"scarcity",
"scarcity"
],
[
"scarceness",
"scarceness"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "scarsità"
},
{
"word": "mancanza"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnu.rja/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-urja"
}
],
"word": "penuria"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "penury"
},
"expansion": "English: penury",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: penury"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pénurie"
},
"expansion": "French: pénurie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: pénurie"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "penuria"
},
"expansion": "Italian: penuria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: penuria"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "penúria"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: penúria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: penúria"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "pinùria"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: pinùria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: pinùria"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "penuria"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: penuria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: penuria"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps related to paene (“almost”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pēnūria",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūria",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūria",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "paenūria",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pēnūria<1>"
},
"expansion": "pēnūria f (genitive pēnūriae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pēnūria<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "dīvitiae"
},
{
"word": "opulentia"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "49 45 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 46 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[…] but the beauty of the youngest was so marvellous and dazzling that it could neither be expressed nor sufficiently praised by the paucity of human speech.",
"ref": "c. 125 CE – 180 CE, Apuleius, Metamorphoses (Apuleius) 4.28",
"text": "[…] at vērō puellae iuniōris tam praecipua, tam praeclāra pulchritūdō nec exprimī ac ne sufficienter quidem laudārī sermōnis hūmānī pēnūriā poterat."
}
],
"glosses": [
"want, need, scarcity"
],
"id": "en-penuria-la-noun-FkzWse9A",
"links": [
[
"want",
"want"
],
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"scarcity",
"scarcity"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "egestās"
},
{
"word": "paupertās"
},
{
"word": "dēsīderium"
},
{
"word": "necessitās"
},
{
"word": "inopia"
},
{
"word": "indigentia"
},
{
"word": "ūsus"
},
{
"word": "opus"
},
{
"word": "angustia"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peːˈnuː.ri.a/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peːˈnuːriä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peˈnu.ri.a/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[peˈnuːriä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "penuria"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "pēnūria"
},
"expansion": "Latin pēnūria",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "penury"
},
"expansion": "English penury",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pēnūria. Cognate with English penury.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penurias",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "penuria f (plural penurias)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧nu‧ria"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "60 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hardship (financial), penury"
],
"id": "en-penuria-es-noun-YjY39znL",
"links": [
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"penury",
"penury"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"shortage, lack, dearth"
],
"id": "en-penuria-es-noun-S~UlrGup",
"links": [
[
"shortage",
"shortage"
],
[
"lack",
"lack"
],
[
"dearth",
"dearth"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "escasez"
},
{
"word": "falta"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnuɾja/"
},
{
"ipa": "[peˈnu.ɾja]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɾja"
}
],
"word": "penuria"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "pēnūria"
},
"expansion": "Latin pēnūria",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pēnūria.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penurie",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "penuria f (plural penurie)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧nù‧ria"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian 3-syllable words",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine nouns",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian undefined derivations",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Italian/urja",
"Rhymes:Italian/urja/3 syllables"
],
"glosses": [
"shortage, lack, scarcity, scarceness"
],
"links": [
[
"shortage",
"shortage"
],
[
"lack",
"lack"
],
[
"scarcity",
"scarcity"
],
[
"scarceness",
"scarceness"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "scarsità"
},
{
"word": "mancanza"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnu.rja/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-urja"
}
],
"word": "penuria"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "penury"
},
"expansion": "English: penury",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: penury"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pénurie"
},
"expansion": "French: pénurie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: pénurie"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "penuria"
},
"expansion": "Italian: penuria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: penuria"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "penúria"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: penúria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: penúria"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "pinùria"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: pinùria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: pinùria"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "penuria"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: penuria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: penuria"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps related to paene (“almost”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pēnūria",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūria",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūria",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "paenūria",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pēnūria<1>"
},
"expansion": "pēnūria f (genitive pēnūriae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pēnūria<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "dīvitiae"
},
{
"word": "opulentia"
}
],
"categories": [
"Latin 4-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[…] but the beauty of the youngest was so marvellous and dazzling that it could neither be expressed nor sufficiently praised by the paucity of human speech.",
"ref": "c. 125 CE – 180 CE, Apuleius, Metamorphoses (Apuleius) 4.28",
"text": "[…] at vērō puellae iuniōris tam praecipua, tam praeclāra pulchritūdō nec exprimī ac ne sufficienter quidem laudārī sermōnis hūmānī pēnūriā poterat."
}
],
"glosses": [
"want, need, scarcity"
],
"links": [
[
"want",
"want"
],
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"scarcity",
"scarcity"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "egestās"
},
{
"word": "paupertās"
},
{
"word": "dēsīderium"
},
{
"word": "necessitās"
},
{
"word": "inopia"
},
{
"word": "indigentia"
},
{
"word": "ūsus"
},
{
"word": "opus"
},
{
"word": "angustia"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peːˈnuː.ri.a/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peːˈnuːriä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peˈnu.ri.a/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[peˈnuːriä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "penuria"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Spanish/uɾja",
"Rhymes:Spanish/uɾja/3 syllables",
"Spanish 3-syllable words",
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish feminine nouns",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms derived from Latin",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "pēnūria"
},
"expansion": "Latin pēnūria",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "penury"
},
"expansion": "English penury",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pēnūria. Cognate with English penury.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penurias",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "penuria f (plural penurias)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧nu‧ria"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hardship (financial), penury"
],
"links": [
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"penury",
"penury"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"shortage, lack, dearth"
],
"links": [
[
"shortage",
"shortage"
],
[
"lack",
"lack"
],
[
"dearth",
"dearth"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "escasez"
},
{
"word": "falta"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnuɾja/"
},
{
"ipa": "[peˈnu.ɾja]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɾja"
}
],
"word": "penuria"
}
Download raw JSONL data for penuria meaning in All languages combined (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (ce0be54 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.