See penuria on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for penuria meaning in All languages combined (6.3kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "pēnūria"
},
"expansion": "Latin pēnūria",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pēnūria.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penurie",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "penuria f (plural penurie)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧nù‧ria"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shortage, lack, scarcity, scarceness"
],
"id": "en-penuria-it-noun-ypkiqomB",
"links": [
[
"shortage",
"shortage"
],
[
"lack",
"lack"
],
[
"scarcity",
"scarcity"
],
[
"scarceness",
"scarceness"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "scarsità"
},
{
"word": "mancanza"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnu.rja/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-urja"
}
],
"word": "penuria"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "penury"
},
"expansion": "English: penury",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: penury"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pénurie"
},
"expansion": "French: pénurie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: pénurie"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "penuria"
},
"expansion": "Italian: penuria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: penuria"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "penúria"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: penúria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: penúria"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "pinùria"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: pinùria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: pinùria"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "penuria"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: penuria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: penuria"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "paene",
"3": "",
"4": "almost"
},
"expansion": "paene (“almost”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps related to paene (“almost”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pēnūria",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūria",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūria",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pēnūria<1>"
},
"expansion": "pēnūria f (genitive pēnūriae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pēnūria<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "dīvitiae"
},
{
"word": "opulentia"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[…] but the beauty of the youngest was so marvellous and dazzling that it could neither be expressed nor sufficiently praised by the paucity of human speech.",
"ref": "c. 125 CE – 180 CE, Apuleius, Metamorphoses (Apuleius) 4.28",
"text": "[…] at vērō puellae iuniōris tam praecipua, tam praeclāra pulchritūdō nec exprimī ac ne sufficienter quidem laudārī sermōnis hūmānī pēnūriā poterat."
}
],
"glosses": [
"want, need, scarcity"
],
"id": "en-penuria-la-noun-FkzWse9A",
"links": [
[
"want",
"want"
],
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"scarcity",
"scarcity"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "egestās"
},
{
"word": "paupertās"
},
{
"word": "dēsīderium"
},
{
"word": "necessitās"
},
{
"word": "inopia"
},
{
"word": "indigentia"
},
{
"word": "ūsus"
},
{
"word": "opus"
},
{
"word": "angustia"
},
{
"word": "paenūria"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peːˈnuː.ri.a/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peːˈnuːriä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peˈnu.ri.a/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[peˈnuːriä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "penuria"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "pēnūria"
},
"expansion": "Latin pēnūria",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "penury"
},
"expansion": "English penury",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pēnūria. Cognate with English penury.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penurias",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "penuria f (plural penurias)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧nu‧ria"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hardship (financial), penury"
],
"id": "en-penuria-es-noun-YjY39znL",
"links": [
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"penury",
"penury"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shortage, lack, dearth"
],
"id": "en-penuria-es-noun-S~UlrGup",
"links": [
[
"shortage",
"shortage"
],
[
"lack",
"lack"
],
[
"dearth",
"dearth"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "escasez"
},
{
"word": "falta"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnuɾja/"
},
{
"ipa": "[peˈnu.ɾja]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɾja"
}
],
"word": "penuria"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "pēnūria"
},
"expansion": "Latin pēnūria",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pēnūria.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penurie",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "penuria f (plural penurie)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧nù‧ria"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian 3-syllable words",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine nouns",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian undefined derivations",
"Rhymes:Italian/urja",
"Rhymes:Italian/urja/3 syllables"
],
"glosses": [
"shortage, lack, scarcity, scarceness"
],
"links": [
[
"shortage",
"shortage"
],
[
"lack",
"lack"
],
[
"scarcity",
"scarcity"
],
[
"scarceness",
"scarceness"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "scarsità"
},
{
"word": "mancanza"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnu.rja/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-urja"
}
],
"word": "penuria"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "penury"
},
"expansion": "English: penury",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: penury"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pénurie"
},
"expansion": "French: pénurie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: pénurie"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "penuria"
},
"expansion": "Italian: penuria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: penuria"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "penúria"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: penúria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: penúria"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "pinùria"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: pinùria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: pinùria"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "penuria"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: penuria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: penuria"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "paene",
"3": "",
"4": "almost"
},
"expansion": "paene (“almost”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps related to paene (“almost”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pēnūria",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūria",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūria",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnūriae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pēnūria<1>"
},
"expansion": "pēnūria f (genitive pēnūriae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pēnūria<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "dīvitiae"
},
{
"word": "opulentia"
}
],
"categories": [
"Latin 4-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[…] but the beauty of the youngest was so marvellous and dazzling that it could neither be expressed nor sufficiently praised by the paucity of human speech.",
"ref": "c. 125 CE – 180 CE, Apuleius, Metamorphoses (Apuleius) 4.28",
"text": "[…] at vērō puellae iuniōris tam praecipua, tam praeclāra pulchritūdō nec exprimī ac ne sufficienter quidem laudārī sermōnis hūmānī pēnūriā poterat."
}
],
"glosses": [
"want, need, scarcity"
],
"links": [
[
"want",
"want"
],
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"scarcity",
"scarcity"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "egestās"
},
{
"word": "paupertās"
},
{
"word": "dēsīderium"
},
{
"word": "necessitās"
},
{
"word": "inopia"
},
{
"word": "indigentia"
},
{
"word": "ūsus"
},
{
"word": "opus"
},
{
"word": "angustia"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peːˈnuː.ri.a/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peːˈnuːriä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peˈnu.ri.a/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[peˈnuːriä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "paenūria"
}
],
"word": "penuria"
}
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Spanish/uɾja",
"Rhymes:Spanish/uɾja/3 syllables",
"Spanish 3-syllable words",
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish feminine nouns",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms derived from Latin",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "pēnūria"
},
"expansion": "Latin pēnūria",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "penury"
},
"expansion": "English penury",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pēnūria. Cognate with English penury.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penurias",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "penuria f (plural penurias)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧nu‧ria"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hardship (financial), penury"
],
"links": [
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"penury",
"penury"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"shortage, lack, dearth"
],
"links": [
[
"shortage",
"shortage"
],
[
"lack",
"lack"
],
[
"dearth",
"dearth"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "escasez"
},
{
"word": "falta"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnuɾja/"
},
{
"ipa": "[peˈnu.ɾja]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɾja"
}
],
"word": "penuria"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.