"oscillum" meaning in Latin

See oscillum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /oːsˈkil.lum/ [Classical-Latin], [oːs̠ˈkɪlːʲʊ̃ˑ] [Classical-Latin], /oʃˈʃil.lum/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [oʃˈʃilːum] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: A double diminutive from ōs (“mouth; face”), analyzable as ōs + -culum + -lum or as ōsculum (“little mouth”) (mostly attested in the derived sense 'kiss') + -lum. Etymology templates: {{af|la|ōs|-culus|-lus|alt2=-culum|alt3=-lum}} ōs + -culum + -lum, {{af|la|ōsculum|-lus|alt2=-lum|qq1=mostly attested in the derived sense 'kiss'|t1=little mouth}} ōsculum (“little mouth”) (mostly attested in the derived sense 'kiss') + -lum Head templates: {{la-noun|ōscillum<2>}} ōscillum n (genitive ōscillī); second declension Inflection templates: {{la-ndecl|ōscillum<2>}} Forms: ōscillum [canonical, neuter], ōscillī [genitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], ōscillum [nominative, singular], ōscilla [nominative, plural], ōscillī [genitive, singular], ōscillōrum [genitive, plural], ōscillō [dative, singular], ōscillīs [dative, plural], ōscillum [accusative, singular], ōscilla [accusative, plural], ōscillō [ablative, singular], ōscillīs [ablative, plural], ōscillum [singular, vocative], ōscilla [plural, vocative]
  1. a little cavity in the middle of leguminous fruits, where the germ sprouts forth Tags: declension-2
    Sense id: en-oscillum-la-noun-rnGTLw3h Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Latin neuter nouns in the second declension, Latin terms prefixed with ob-, Latin terms suffixed with -culus, Latin terms suffixed with -lus Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 49 46 5 Disambiguation of Latin neuter nouns in the second declension: 63 24 13 Disambiguation of Latin terms prefixed with ob-: 44 41 15 Disambiguation of Latin terms suffixed with -culus: 46 54 Disambiguation of Latin terms suffixed with -lus: 46 54
  2. a little mask of Bacchus, hung from trees, so as to be easily moved by the wind Tags: declension-2
    Sense id: en-oscillum-la-noun-3JHLKnd- Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Latin terms prefixed with ob-, Latin terms suffixed with -culus, Latin terms suffixed with -lus, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 49 46 5 Disambiguation of Latin terms prefixed with ob-: 44 41 15 Disambiguation of Latin terms suffixed with -culus: 46 54 Disambiguation of Latin terms suffixed with -lus: 46 54 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 36 55 9 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 28 69 2
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: ōscillō
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /osˈkil.lum/ [Classical-Latin], [ɔs̠ˈkɪlːʲʊ̃ˑ] [Classical-Latin], /oʃˈʃil.lum/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [oʃˈʃilːum] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: obs- + cillō (“to move”). See ōscillō (“to swing”) for more. Etymology templates: {{affix|la|ob-|cillō|alt1=obs-|t2=to move}} obs- + cillō (“to move”) Head templates: {{la-noun|oscillum<2>}} oscillum n (genitive oscillī); second declension Inflection templates: {{la-ndecl|oscillum<2>}} Forms: oscillī [genitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], oscillum [nominative, singular], oscilla [nominative, plural], oscillī [genitive, singular], oscillōrum [genitive, plural], oscillō [dative, singular], oscillīs [dative, plural], oscillum [accusative, singular], oscilla [accusative, plural], oscillō [ablative, singular], oscillīs [ablative, plural], oscillum [singular, vocative], oscilla [plural, vocative]
  1. swing (apparatus) Tags: declension-2, neuter Derived forms: oscillō (english: to swing)
    Sense id: en-oscillum-la-noun-iQMk1RMB Categories (other): Latin terms prefixed with ob- Disambiguation of Latin terms prefixed with ob-: 44 41 15
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ōscillō"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ōs",
        "3": "-culus",
        "4": "-lus",
        "alt2": "-culum",
        "alt3": "-lum"
      },
      "expansion": "ōs + -culum + -lum",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ōsculum",
        "3": "-lus",
        "alt2": "-lum",
        "qq1": "mostly attested in the derived sense 'kiss'",
        "t1": "little mouth"
      },
      "expansion": "ōsculum (“little mouth”) (mostly attested in the derived sense 'kiss') + -lum",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "A double diminutive from ōs (“mouth; face”), analyzable as ōs + -culum + -lum or as ōsculum (“little mouth”) (mostly attested in the derived sense 'kiss') + -lum.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ōscillum",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōscillī",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōscillum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōscilla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōscillī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōscillōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōscillō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōscillīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōscillum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōscilla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōscillō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōscillīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōscillum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōscilla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ōscillum<2>"
      },
      "expansion": "ōscillum n (genitive ōscillī); second declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ōscillum<2>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "49 46 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "63 24 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "44 41 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin terms prefixed with ob-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin terms suffixed with -culus",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin terms suffixed with -lus",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a little cavity in the middle of leguminous fruits, where the germ sprouts forth"
      ],
      "id": "en-oscillum-la-noun-rnGTLw3h",
      "links": [
        [
          "cavity",
          "cavity"
        ],
        [
          "leguminous",
          "leguminous"
        ],
        [
          "germ",
          "germ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "49 46 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "44 41 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin terms prefixed with ob-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin terms suffixed with -culus",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin terms suffixed with -lus",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "36 55 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 69 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a little mask of Bacchus, hung from trees, so as to be easily moved by the wind"
      ],
      "id": "en-oscillum-la-noun-3JHLKnd-",
      "links": [
        [
          "mask",
          "mask"
        ],
        [
          "Bacchus",
          "Bacchus"
        ],
        [
          "wind",
          "wind"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/oːsˈkil.lum/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[oːs̠ˈkɪlːʲʊ̃ˑ]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/oʃˈʃil.lum/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[oʃˈʃilːum]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "oscillum"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ob-",
        "3": "cillō",
        "alt1": "obs-",
        "t2": "to move"
      },
      "expansion": "obs- + cillō (“to move”)",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "obs- + cillō (“to move”). See ōscillō (“to swing”) for more.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "oscillī",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oscillum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oscilla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oscillī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oscillōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oscillō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oscillīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oscillum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oscilla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oscillō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oscillīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oscillum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oscilla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oscillum<2>"
      },
      "expansion": "oscillum n (genitive oscillī); second declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oscillum<2>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "44 41 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin terms prefixed with ob-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "to swing",
          "word": "oscillō"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "swing (apparatus)"
      ],
      "id": "en-oscillum-la-noun-iQMk1RMB",
      "links": [
        [
          "swing",
          "swing"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/osˈkil.lum/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɔs̠ˈkɪlːʲʊ̃ˑ]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/oʃˈʃil.lum/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[oʃˈʃilːum]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "oscillum"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 3-syllable words",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin neuter nouns",
    "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
    "Latin nouns",
    "Latin nouns with red links in their inflection tables",
    "Latin second declension nouns",
    "Latin terms prefixed with ob-",
    "Latin terms suffixed with -culus",
    "Latin terms suffixed with -lus",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "ōscillō"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ōs",
        "3": "-culus",
        "4": "-lus",
        "alt2": "-culum",
        "alt3": "-lum"
      },
      "expansion": "ōs + -culum + -lum",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ōsculum",
        "3": "-lus",
        "alt2": "-lum",
        "qq1": "mostly attested in the derived sense 'kiss'",
        "t1": "little mouth"
      },
      "expansion": "ōsculum (“little mouth”) (mostly attested in the derived sense 'kiss') + -lum",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "A double diminutive from ōs (“mouth; face”), analyzable as ōs + -culum + -lum or as ōsculum (“little mouth”) (mostly attested in the derived sense 'kiss') + -lum.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ōscillum",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōscillī",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōscillum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōscilla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōscillī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōscillōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōscillō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōscillīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōscillum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōscilla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōscillō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōscillīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōscillum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ōscilla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ōscillum<2>"
      },
      "expansion": "ōscillum n (genitive ōscillī); second declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ōscillum<2>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a little cavity in the middle of leguminous fruits, where the germ sprouts forth"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cavity",
          "cavity"
        ],
        [
          "leguminous",
          "leguminous"
        ],
        [
          "germ",
          "germ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a little mask of Bacchus, hung from trees, so as to be easily moved by the wind"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mask",
          "mask"
        ],
        [
          "Bacchus",
          "Bacchus"
        ],
        [
          "wind",
          "wind"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/oːsˈkil.lum/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[oːs̠ˈkɪlːʲʊ̃ˑ]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/oʃˈʃil.lum/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[oʃˈʃilːum]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "oscillum"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 3-syllable words",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin neuter nouns",
    "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
    "Latin nouns",
    "Latin nouns with red links in their inflection tables",
    "Latin second declension nouns",
    "Latin terms prefixed with ob-",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "to swing",
      "word": "oscillō"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ob-",
        "3": "cillō",
        "alt1": "obs-",
        "t2": "to move"
      },
      "expansion": "obs- + cillō (“to move”)",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "obs- + cillō (“to move”). See ōscillō (“to swing”) for more.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "oscillī",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oscillum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oscilla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oscillī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oscillōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oscillō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oscillīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oscillum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oscilla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oscillō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oscillīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oscillum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oscilla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oscillum<2>"
      },
      "expansion": "oscillum n (genitive oscillī); second declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oscillum<2>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "swing (apparatus)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "swing",
          "swing"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/osˈkil.lum/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɔs̠ˈkɪlːʲʊ̃ˑ]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/oʃˈʃil.lum/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[oʃˈʃilːum]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "oscillum"
}

Download raw JSONL data for oscillum meaning in Latin (5.8kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.