See littera in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ad litteram"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "coeuntes litterae"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "littera canīna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "littera tenuis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "litterae clausae"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "litterae patentēs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "litterālis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "litterātim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "litterula"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "lletra"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: lletra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: lletra"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "lizher",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Breton: lizher",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Breton: lizher"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "lletra"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: lletra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: lletra"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "lyther",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Cornish: lyther",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Cornish: lyther"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "latera"
},
"expansion": "Dalmatian: latera",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dalmatian: latera"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "letare",
"3": "lètare"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: letare, lètare",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: letare, lètare"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Letter"
},
"expansion": "German: Letter",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Letter"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "lettera"
},
"expansion": "Italian: lettera",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: lettera"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "letër",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: letër",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: letër"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "letra"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: letra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: letra"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "letre"
},
"expansion": "Old French: letre\nFrench: lettre\n→ Middle English: lettre, leattre, letter, lettyr\nEnglish: letter\n→ Middle Dutch: lettere\nDutch: letter\nAfrikaans: letter\nNegerhollands: letter\n→ Caribbean Javanese: lèter\n→ Indonesian: leter\n→ Japanese: レッテル (retteru)\n→ Papiamentu: lèter, lèterchi, letter\n→ Saramaccan: letè\nLimburgish: lètter",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: letre\nFrench: lettre\n→ Middle English: lettre, leattre, letter, lettyr\nEnglish: letter\n→ Middle Dutch: lettere\nDutch: letter\nAfrikaans: letter\nNegerhollands: letter\n→ Caribbean Javanese: lèter\n→ Indonesian: leter\n→ Japanese: レッテル (retteru)\n→ Papiamentu: lèter, lèterchi, letter\n→ Saramaccan: letè\nLimburgish: lètter"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "liter",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Irish: liter\nIrish: litir\nManx: lettyr\nScottish Gaelic: litir",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Irish: liter\nIrish: litir\nManx: lettyr\nScottish Gaelic: litir"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "litra"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: litra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: litra"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "litera",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: litera",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: litera"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "letra"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: letra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: letra"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "literă"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: literă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: literă"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "letra"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: letra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: letra"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ли́тера",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: ли́тера (lítera)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: ли́тера (lítera)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "lítara",
"3": "lítera"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: lítara, lítera",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: lítara, lítera"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "littra",
"3": "lìttira"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: littra, lìttira",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: littra, lìttira"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "letra"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: letra\n→ Chavacano: letra\n→ Classical Nahuatl: letra\n→ Tagalog: letra",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: letra\n→ Chavacano: letra\n→ Classical Nahuatl: letra\n→ Tagalog: letra"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "łétara",
"3": "létara",
"4": "létera"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: łétara, létara, létera",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: łétara, létara, létera"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "llythyr",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Welsh: llythyr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Welsh: llythyr"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "littera",
"2": "littera rule"
},
"expansion": "littera rule",
"name": "la-glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-ola",
"3": "leitera"
},
"expansion": "Old Latin leitera",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "linō",
"t": "smear"
},
"expansion": "Latin linō (“smear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*linō",
"t": "smear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *linō (“smear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂leyH-",
"t": "smear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂leyH- (“smear”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ett",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Etruscan",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "διφθέρᾱ",
"t": "leather; writing material"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek διφθέρᾱ (diphthérā, “leather; writing material”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Origin unknown. Two explanations have been proposed:\n* From earlier lītera, the existence of which is disputed, with lengthening of the consonant (sometimes called the littera rule), from Old Latin leitera (attested ca. 122 BC, argued by Ernout & Meillet to be a false etymological attraction to lino), from a plural form of earlier adj. *lei-tos (cf. opera from opus), related to Latin linō (“smear”) and Proto-Italic *linō (“smear”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂leyH- (“smear”). A variation of this is to reconstruct the PIE root as *leyt- (“to scratch”).\n: However, de Vaan points out that the past participle from lino is actually litus with a short i and, lacking any other traces of *leitos, says the scenario is \"morphologically unconvincing\".\n* Alternatively, perhaps via Etruscan from (or related to, as if from a common source) Ancient Greek διφθέρᾱ (diphthérā, “leather; writing material”) which is claimed by Hesychius to be used to name tablets as well, of unknown ultimate origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "litterae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "littera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "litterae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "litterae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "litterārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "litterae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "litterīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "litteram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "litterās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "litterā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "litterīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "littera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "litterae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "littera<1>"
},
"expansion": "littera f (genitive litterae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "littera<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"letter (of the alphabet)"
],
"id": "en-littera-la-noun-EHVdiBSM",
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"alphabet",
"alphabet"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin metonyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 17 13 13 12 12 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 74 1 1 1 12 9 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Writing",
"orig": "la:Writing",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "While I was liking the handwriting of Alexis for it resembled so closely a likeness to your own handwriting, I wasn't liking it for it was indicating that you were not well.",
"ref": "68 BCE – 44 BCE, Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum 7.2",
"text": "Tam Alexidis manum amabam, quod tam prope accedebat ad similitudinem tuae litterae; non amabam, quod indicabat te non valere."
}
],
"glosses": [
"handwriting"
],
"id": "en-littera-la-noun-ZosiAkwX",
"links": [
[
"handwriting",
"handwriting"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(metonymically) handwriting"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"metonymically"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "To unseal (or open) a letter.",
"text": "Litteras resignare.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"letter, epistle"
],
"id": "en-littera-la-noun-2IU~O1Q7",
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"epistle",
"epistle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural) letter, epistle"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"plural-normally"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 23 1 48 13 8 3 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Literature",
"orig": "la:Literature",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Entertainment",
"Writing",
"Society",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Communication",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The story is missing from our literature.",
"text": "Abest historia litteris nostris.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If you neglect the verses of these two poets, you will miss a great part of literature.",
"text": "Si versus horum duorum poetarum neglegetis, magna parte litterarum carebitis.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"literature"
],
"id": "en-littera-la-noun-rJ-iUD~-",
"links": [
[
"literature",
"literature"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural) literature"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"plural-normally"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"letters, knowledge of literature, learning, scholarship"
],
"id": "en-littera-la-noun-q9-0BvXs",
"links": [
[
"letters",
"letters"
],
[
"knowledge",
"knowledge"
],
[
"literature",
"literature"
],
[
"learning",
"learning"
],
[
"scholarship",
"scholarship"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural, by extension) letters, knowledge of literature, learning, scholarship"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"plural-normally"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 21 5 1 7 45 13 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"books (often a collection of letters, epistles, accounts, records, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-littera-la-noun-NhghGaH0",
"links": [
[
"book",
"book"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural) books (often a collection of letters, epistles, accounts, records, etc.)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"plural-normally"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"record(s), account(s), document(s)"
],
"id": "en-littera-la-noun-Z9L5BE9f",
"links": [
[
"record",
"record"
],
[
"account",
"account"
],
[
"document",
"document"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural) record(s), account(s), document(s)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"plural-normally"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 4 28 10 5 41",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Society",
"orig": "la:Society",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Praetoris litterae.\nA praetor's edict.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "A letter of appointment. (a commission)",
"text": "Litteras revocavit.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"edict, ordinance"
],
"id": "en-littera-la-noun-UtfZFMMR",
"links": [
[
"edict",
"edict"
],
[
"ordinance",
"ordinance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural) edict, ordinance"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"plural-normally"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlit.te.ra/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlʲɪt̪ːɛrä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlit.te.ra/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlit̪ːerä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lītera"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"fr:Jacques André"
],
"word": "littera"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Literature",
"la:Society",
"la:Writing"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ad litteram"
},
{
"word": "coeuntes litterae"
},
{
"word": "littera canīna"
},
{
"word": "littera tenuis"
},
{
"word": "litterae clausae"
},
{
"word": "litterae patentēs"
},
{
"word": "litterālis"
},
{
"word": "litterātim"
},
{
"word": "litterula"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "lletra"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: lletra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: lletra"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "lizher",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Breton: lizher",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Breton: lizher"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "lletra"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: lletra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: lletra"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "lyther",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Cornish: lyther",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Cornish: lyther"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "latera"
},
"expansion": "Dalmatian: latera",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dalmatian: latera"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "letare",
"3": "lètare"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: letare, lètare",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: letare, lètare"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Letter"
},
"expansion": "German: Letter",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Letter"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "lettera"
},
"expansion": "Italian: lettera",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: lettera"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "letër",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: letër",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: letër"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "letra"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: letra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: letra"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "letre"
},
"expansion": "Old French: letre\nFrench: lettre\n→ Middle English: lettre, leattre, letter, lettyr\nEnglish: letter\n→ Middle Dutch: lettere\nDutch: letter\nAfrikaans: letter\nNegerhollands: letter\n→ Caribbean Javanese: lèter\n→ Indonesian: leter\n→ Japanese: レッテル (retteru)\n→ Papiamentu: lèter, lèterchi, letter\n→ Saramaccan: letè\nLimburgish: lètter",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: letre\nFrench: lettre\n→ Middle English: lettre, leattre, letter, lettyr\nEnglish: letter\n→ Middle Dutch: lettere\nDutch: letter\nAfrikaans: letter\nNegerhollands: letter\n→ Caribbean Javanese: lèter\n→ Indonesian: leter\n→ Japanese: レッテル (retteru)\n→ Papiamentu: lèter, lèterchi, letter\n→ Saramaccan: letè\nLimburgish: lètter"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "liter",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Irish: liter\nIrish: litir\nManx: lettyr\nScottish Gaelic: litir",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Irish: liter\nIrish: litir\nManx: lettyr\nScottish Gaelic: litir"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "litra"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: litra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: litra"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "litera",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: litera",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: litera"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "letra"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: letra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: letra"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "literă"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: literă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: literă"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "letra"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: letra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: letra"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ли́тера",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: ли́тера (lítera)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: ли́тера (lítera)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "lítara",
"3": "lítera"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: lítara, lítera",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: lítara, lítera"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "littra",
"3": "lìttira"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: littra, lìttira",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: littra, lìttira"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "letra"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: letra\n→ Chavacano: letra\n→ Classical Nahuatl: letra\n→ Tagalog: letra",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: letra\n→ Chavacano: letra\n→ Classical Nahuatl: letra\n→ Tagalog: letra"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "łétara",
"3": "létara",
"4": "létera"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: łétara, létara, létera",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: łétara, létara, létera"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "llythyr",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Welsh: llythyr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Welsh: llythyr"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "littera",
"2": "littera rule"
},
"expansion": "littera rule",
"name": "la-glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-ola",
"3": "leitera"
},
"expansion": "Old Latin leitera",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "linō",
"t": "smear"
},
"expansion": "Latin linō (“smear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*linō",
"t": "smear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *linō (“smear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂leyH-",
"t": "smear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂leyH- (“smear”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ett",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Etruscan",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "διφθέρᾱ",
"t": "leather; writing material"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek διφθέρᾱ (diphthérā, “leather; writing material”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Origin unknown. Two explanations have been proposed:\n* From earlier lītera, the existence of which is disputed, with lengthening of the consonant (sometimes called the littera rule), from Old Latin leitera (attested ca. 122 BC, argued by Ernout & Meillet to be a false etymological attraction to lino), from a plural form of earlier adj. *lei-tos (cf. opera from opus), related to Latin linō (“smear”) and Proto-Italic *linō (“smear”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂leyH- (“smear”). A variation of this is to reconstruct the PIE root as *leyt- (“to scratch”).\n: However, de Vaan points out that the past participle from lino is actually litus with a short i and, lacking any other traces of *leitos, says the scenario is \"morphologically unconvincing\".\n* Alternatively, perhaps via Etruscan from (or related to, as if from a common source) Ancient Greek διφθέρᾱ (diphthérā, “leather; writing material”) which is claimed by Hesychius to be used to name tablets as well, of unknown ultimate origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "litterae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "littera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "litterae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "litterae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "litterārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "litterae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "litterīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "litteram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "litterās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "litterā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "litterīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "littera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "litterae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "littera<1>"
},
"expansion": "littera f (genitive litterae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "littera<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"letter (of the alphabet)"
],
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"alphabet",
"alphabet"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin metonyms",
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "While I was liking the handwriting of Alexis for it resembled so closely a likeness to your own handwriting, I wasn't liking it for it was indicating that you were not well.",
"ref": "68 BCE – 44 BCE, Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum 7.2",
"text": "Tam Alexidis manum amabam, quod tam prope accedebat ad similitudinem tuae litterae; non amabam, quod indicabat te non valere."
}
],
"glosses": [
"handwriting"
],
"links": [
[
"handwriting",
"handwriting"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(metonymically) handwriting"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"metonymically"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "To unseal (or open) a letter.",
"text": "Litteras resignare.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"letter, epistle"
],
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"epistle",
"epistle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural) letter, epistle"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"plural-normally"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The story is missing from our literature.",
"text": "Abest historia litteris nostris.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If you neglect the verses of these two poets, you will miss a great part of literature.",
"text": "Si versus horum duorum poetarum neglegetis, magna parte litterarum carebitis.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"literature"
],
"links": [
[
"literature",
"literature"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural) literature"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"plural-normally"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"letters, knowledge of literature, learning, scholarship"
],
"links": [
[
"letters",
"letters"
],
[
"knowledge",
"knowledge"
],
[
"literature",
"literature"
],
[
"learning",
"learning"
],
[
"scholarship",
"scholarship"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural, by extension) letters, knowledge of literature, learning, scholarship"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"plural-normally"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"books (often a collection of letters, epistles, accounts, records, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"book",
"book"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural) books (often a collection of letters, epistles, accounts, records, etc.)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"plural-normally"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"record(s), account(s), document(s)"
],
"links": [
[
"record",
"record"
],
[
"account",
"account"
],
[
"document",
"document"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural) record(s), account(s), document(s)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"plural-normally"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Praetoris litterae.\nA praetor's edict.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "A letter of appointment. (a commission)",
"text": "Litteras revocavit.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"edict, ordinance"
],
"links": [
[
"edict",
"edict"
],
[
"ordinance",
"ordinance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural) edict, ordinance"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"plural-normally"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlit.te.ra/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlʲɪt̪ːɛrä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlit.te.ra/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlit̪ːerä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lītera"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"fr:Jacques André"
],
"word": "littera"
}
Download raw JSONL data for littera meaning in Latin (12.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d6bf104 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.