See haliurunna in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "got",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gothic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"title": "Disputed, but almost certainly of Gothic origin."
},
"expansion": "Disputed, but almost certainly of Gothic origin.",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "got",
"3": "*𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐍉𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰",
"tr": "*haljōrūna"
},
"expansion": "Gothic *𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐍉𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (*haljōrūna)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hellrūn",
"t": "sorceress"
},
"expansion": "Old English hellrūn (“sorceress”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hellirūna",
"t": "necromancy, sorcery"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hellirūna (“necromancy, sorcery”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hellrūna",
"t": "one adept in the mysteries of hell, sorcerer, necromancer"
},
"expansion": "Old English hellrūna (“one adept in the mysteries of hell, sorcerer, necromancer”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Disputed, but almost certainly of Gothic origin. One common view as presented by Köbler (2014) is that it is borrowed from Gothic *𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐍉𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (*haljōrūna), from 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰 (halja, “netherworld, hell”) + 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (rūna, “secret, mystery, rune”). This would make it an exact cognate of Old English hellrūn (“sorceress”) and Old High German hellirūna (“necromancy, sorcery”), and closely related to Old English hellrūna (“one adept in the mysteries of hell, sorcerer, necromancer”).\nA possible problem with this view which Köbler does not address is that there is no morphological indication (through a suffix or otherwise) that such a compound would refer to an agent instead of an abstract concept. After all, 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (rūna) simply means \"mystery\", not \"one versed in mysteries\" as one would expect given the meaning \"witch\". However, this is also true for the Old English cognate hellrūn, which despite an apparent lack of a suffix indicating an agent noun nonetheless means \"sorceress\". It may be a bahuvrihi compound, which would address this objection. Old English does, however, also have a suffixed synonym in the related helrȳneġu.\nThe above-mentioned reconstruction is rejected by Scardigli (1973), whose interpretation is shared by Lehmann (1986). Scardigli asserts that a reconstruction *𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌿𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰 (*haljurunna) (from 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰 (halja) + *𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰 (*runna)) would be more plausible. He argues that the geminated nn in the second element is not to be interpreted as a Latinization error. In his view, it is an accurate reflection of a Gothic agent noun derived from the verb 𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (rinnan, “to run”), here taken to mean \"to go\". The proposed second element, *𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰 (*runna), would thus be taken to mean \"one who goes\" (similar sense in Modern English runner). The entire compound would then mean \"one who travels to the netherworld\", referencing mythological or shamanistic journeys to Hel, of which there are parallels in Nordic mythology. He thus rejects an etymological connection to the Old English and Old High German terms.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "haliurunnae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "haliurunna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haliurunnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haliurunnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haliurunnārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haliurunnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haliurunnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haliurunnam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haliurunnās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haliurunnā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haliurunnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haliurunna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "haliurunnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "haliurunna<1>"
},
"expansion": "haliurunna f (genitive haliurunnae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "haliurunna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gothic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin hapax legomena",
"parents": [
"Hapax legomena",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "la:Religion",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "... [Filimer] discovered among his people some witches, whom he in his native tongue named Haliurunnas ...",
"roman": "... repperit in populo suo quasdam magas mulieres, quas patrio sermone Haliurunnas is ipse cognominat ...",
"text": "c. 550 AD, Jordanes, De Origine Actibusque Getarum, 121",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Gothic witch or sorceress"
],
"id": "en-haliurunna-la-noun-i~pDUn0l",
"links": [
[
"Gothic",
"Gothic"
],
[
"witch",
"witch"
],
[
"sorceress",
"sorceress"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(hapax) Gothic witch or sorceress"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "haliurunna"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "got",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gothic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"title": "Disputed, but almost certainly of Gothic origin."
},
"expansion": "Disputed, but almost certainly of Gothic origin.",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "got",
"3": "*𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐍉𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰",
"tr": "*haljōrūna"
},
"expansion": "Gothic *𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐍉𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (*haljōrūna)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hellrūn",
"t": "sorceress"
},
"expansion": "Old English hellrūn (“sorceress”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hellirūna",
"t": "necromancy, sorcery"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hellirūna (“necromancy, sorcery”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hellrūna",
"t": "one adept in the mysteries of hell, sorcerer, necromancer"
},
"expansion": "Old English hellrūna (“one adept in the mysteries of hell, sorcerer, necromancer”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Disputed, but almost certainly of Gothic origin. One common view as presented by Köbler (2014) is that it is borrowed from Gothic *𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐍉𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (*haljōrūna), from 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰 (halja, “netherworld, hell”) + 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (rūna, “secret, mystery, rune”). This would make it an exact cognate of Old English hellrūn (“sorceress”) and Old High German hellirūna (“necromancy, sorcery”), and closely related to Old English hellrūna (“one adept in the mysteries of hell, sorcerer, necromancer”).\nA possible problem with this view which Köbler does not address is that there is no morphological indication (through a suffix or otherwise) that such a compound would refer to an agent instead of an abstract concept. After all, 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (rūna) simply means \"mystery\", not \"one versed in mysteries\" as one would expect given the meaning \"witch\". However, this is also true for the Old English cognate hellrūn, which despite an apparent lack of a suffix indicating an agent noun nonetheless means \"sorceress\". It may be a bahuvrihi compound, which would address this objection. Old English does, however, also have a suffixed synonym in the related helrȳneġu.\nThe above-mentioned reconstruction is rejected by Scardigli (1973), whose interpretation is shared by Lehmann (1986). Scardigli asserts that a reconstruction *𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌿𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰 (*haljurunna) (from 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰 (halja) + *𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰 (*runna)) would be more plausible. He argues that the geminated nn in the second element is not to be interpreted as a Latinization error. In his view, it is an accurate reflection of a Gothic agent noun derived from the verb 𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (rinnan, “to run”), here taken to mean \"to go\". The proposed second element, *𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰 (*runna), would thus be taken to mean \"one who goes\" (similar sense in Modern English runner). The entire compound would then mean \"one who travels to the netherworld\", referencing mythological or shamanistic journeys to Hel, of which there are parallels in Nordic mythology. He thus rejects an etymological connection to the Old English and Old High German terms.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "haliurunnae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "haliurunna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haliurunnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haliurunnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haliurunnārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haliurunnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haliurunnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haliurunnam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haliurunnās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haliurunnā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haliurunnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haliurunna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "haliurunnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "haliurunna<1>"
},
"expansion": "haliurunna f (genitive haliurunnae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "haliurunna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Gothic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin hapax legomena",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin nouns with red links in their inflection tables",
"Latin terms borrowed from Gothic",
"Latin terms derived from Gothic",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Religion"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "... [Filimer] discovered among his people some witches, whom he in his native tongue named Haliurunnas ...",
"roman": "... repperit in populo suo quasdam magas mulieres, quas patrio sermone Haliurunnas is ipse cognominat ...",
"text": "c. 550 AD, Jordanes, De Origine Actibusque Getarum, 121",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Gothic witch or sorceress"
],
"links": [
[
"Gothic",
"Gothic"
],
[
"witch",
"witch"
],
[
"sorceress",
"sorceress"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(hapax) Gothic witch or sorceress"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "haliurunna"
}
Download raw JSONL data for haliurunna meaning in Latin (5.7kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax",
"path": [
"haliurunna"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "haliurunna",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax",
"path": [
"haliurunna"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "haliurunna",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (e4a2c88 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.