"dubius" meaning in Latin

See dubius in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈdu.bi.us/ [Classical-Latin], [ˈd̪ʊbiʊs̠] [Classical-Latin], /ˈdu.bi.us/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [ˈd̪uːbius] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: Somewhat uncertain, but likely derived from *dubos (“in doubt”, adj.), from Proto-Italic *du(i)βwos, from Proto-Indo-European *dwi- (“two-”) + *bʰuH- (“to be”), with the same latter element as in superbus, probus (less likely tribus), in this case parallel to Ancient Greek διφυής (diphuḗs, “of two shapes or natures”). Or less likely, directly from Proto-Indo-European *dubʰi- (“on two sides”). For the relation to "two" cf. Ancient Greek δισσός (dissós, “twofold; doubtful”), δοιάζω (doiázō, “to be in two minds”) and German Zweifel (“doubt”). Etymology templates: {{inh|la|itc-pro||*du(i)βwos}} Proto-Italic *du(i)βwos, {{der|la|ine-pro|*dwi-||two-}} Proto-Indo-European *dwi- (“two-”), {{cog|grc|διφυής||of two shapes or natures}} Ancient Greek διφυής (diphuḗs, “of two shapes or natures”), {{inh|la|ine-pro||*dubʰi-|on two sides}} Proto-Indo-European *dubʰi- (“on two sides”), {{cog|grc|δισσός||twofold; doubtful}} Ancient Greek δισσός (dissós, “twofold; doubtful”), {{cog|de|Zweifel||doubt}} German Zweifel (“doubt”) Head templates: {{la-adj|dubius}} dubius (feminine dubia, neuter dubium); first/second-declension adjective Inflection templates: {{la-adecl|dubius}} Forms: dubia [feminine], dubium [neuter], no-table-tags [table-tags], dubius [masculine, nominative, singular], dubia [feminine, nominative, singular], dubium [neuter, nominative, singular], dubiī [masculine, nominative, singular], dubiae [feminine, nominative, plural], dubia [neuter, nominative, plural], dubiī [genitive, masculine, singular], dubiae [feminine, genitive, singular], dubiī [genitive, neuter, singular], dubiōrum [genitive, masculine, singular], dubiārum [feminine, genitive, plural], dubiōrum [genitive, neuter, plural], dubiō [dative, masculine, singular], dubiae [dative, feminine, singular], dubiō [dative, neuter, singular], dubiīs [dative, feminine, masculine, neuter], dubium [accusative, masculine, singular], dubiam [accusative, feminine, singular], dubium [accusative, neuter, singular], dubiōs [accusative, masculine, singular], dubiās [accusative, feminine, plural], dubia [accusative, neuter, plural], dubiō [ablative, masculine, singular], dubiā [ablative, feminine, singular], dubiō [ablative, neuter, singular], dubiīs [ablative, feminine, masculine, neuter], dubie [masculine, singular, vocative], dubia [feminine, singular, vocative], dubium [neuter, singular, vocative], dubiī [masculine, singular, vocative], dubiae [feminine, plural, vocative], dubia [neuter, plural, vocative]
  1. Moving in two directions alternately, vibrating to and fro, fluctuating, wavering Tags: adjective, declension-1, declension-2
    Sense id: en-dubius-la-adj-bW0DLKw8 Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 34 40 26 1
  2. (figuratively) Vacillating in mind, wavering, uncertain, doubting, doubtful, dubious, irresolute, undetermined Tags: adjective, declension-1, declension-2, figuratively Synonyms: incertus, suspensus, vagus, anceps
    Sense id: en-dubius-la-adj-QhMdI9of Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 32 41 26 1 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 34 40 26 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 31 41 27 1
  3. (of a situation) Precarious, dangerous, critical, difficult, adverse, doubtful, in doubt Tags: adjective, declension-1, declension-2 Synonyms: perīculōsus, īnfēnsus, anceps, capitālis
    Sense id: en-dubius-la-adj-M5ATJCCo Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 34 40 26 1
  4. (of weather) Changeable, uncertain Tags: adjective, declension-1, declension-2
    Sense id: en-dubius-la-adj-9AOEepS2
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: dubiē, dubietās, dubiō, dubiōsus, dubium Related terms: dubitābilis, dubitanter, dubitātim, dubitātiō, dubitātīvus, dubitātor, dubitātus, dubitō, dubō (english: hapax, gloss)

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dubiē"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dubietās"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dubiō"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dubiōsus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dubium"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "dubious",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: dubious",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: dubious"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "dubbio",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Italian: dubbio",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Italian: dubbio"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "dúbio",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Portuguese: dúbio",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Portuguese: dúbio"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "dùbbitu",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Sicilian: dùbbitu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Sicilian: dùbbitu"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*du(i)βwos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *du(i)βwos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dwi-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "two-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dwi- (“two-”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "διφυής",
        "3": "",
        "4": "of two shapes or natures"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek διφυής (diphuḗs, “of two shapes or natures”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*dubʰi-",
        "5": "on two sides"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dubʰi- (“on two sides”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "δισσός",
        "3": "",
        "4": "twofold; doubtful"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek δισσός (dissós, “twofold; doubtful”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Zweifel",
        "3": "",
        "4": "doubt"
      },
      "expansion": "German Zweifel (“doubt”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Somewhat uncertain, but likely derived from *dubos (“in doubt”, adj.), from Proto-Italic *du(i)βwos, from Proto-Indo-European *dwi- (“two-”) + *bʰuH- (“to be”), with the same latter element as in superbus, probus (less likely tribus), in this case parallel to Ancient Greek διφυής (diphuḗs, “of two shapes or natures”). Or less likely, directly from Proto-Indo-European *dubʰi- (“on two sides”).\nFor the relation to \"two\" cf. Ancient Greek δισσός (dissós, “twofold; doubtful”), δοιάζω (doiázō, “to be in two minds”) and German Zweifel (“doubt”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "dubia",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubium",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubius",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubia",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubia",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiārum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubia",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubia",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubia",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dubius"
      },
      "expansion": "dubius (feminine dubia, neuter dubium); first/second-declension adjective",
      "name": "la-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dubius"
      },
      "name": "la-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dubitābilis"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dubitanter"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dubitātim"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dubitātiō"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dubitātīvus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dubitātor"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dubitātus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dubitō"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "hapax, gloss",
      "word": "dubō"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "34 40 26 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Moving in two directions alternately, vibrating to and fro, fluctuating, wavering"
      ],
      "id": "en-dubius-la-adj-bW0DLKw8",
      "links": [
        [
          "Moving",
          "move"
        ],
        [
          "directions",
          "direction"
        ],
        [
          "alternately",
          "alternately"
        ],
        [
          "vibrating",
          "vibrating"
        ],
        [
          "to and fro",
          "to and fro"
        ],
        [
          "fluctuating",
          "fluctuating"
        ],
        [
          "wavering",
          "wavering"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "fixus"
        },
        {
          "word": "prōmptus"
        },
        {
          "word": "indubius"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "32 41 26 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 40 26 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 41 27 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "… and [Anna] gave hope to [Dido’s] wavering mind, and absolved [her sister’s sense of] shame.",
          "ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.55",
          "text": "… spemque dedit dubiae mentī, solvitque pudōrem."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Vacillating in mind, wavering, uncertain, doubting, doubtful, dubious, irresolute, undetermined"
      ],
      "id": "en-dubius-la-adj-QhMdI9of",
      "links": [
        [
          "Vacillating",
          "vacillate"
        ],
        [
          "mind",
          "mind"
        ],
        [
          "wavering",
          "wavering"
        ],
        [
          "uncertain",
          "uncertain"
        ],
        [
          "doubting",
          "doubting"
        ],
        [
          "doubtful",
          "doubtful"
        ],
        [
          "dubious",
          "dubious"
        ],
        [
          "irresolute",
          "irresolute"
        ],
        [
          "undetermined",
          "undetermined"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) Vacillating in mind, wavering, uncertain, doubting, doubtful, dubious, irresolute, undetermined"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "incertus"
        },
        {
          "word": "suspensus"
        },
        {
          "word": "vagus"
        },
        {
          "word": "anceps"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2",
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "34 40 26 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The result is in doubt",
          "ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 2.781",
          "text": "exitus in dubiō est"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Precarious, dangerous, critical, difficult, adverse, doubtful, in doubt"
      ],
      "id": "en-dubius-la-adj-M5ATJCCo",
      "links": [
        [
          "Precarious",
          "precarious"
        ],
        [
          "dangerous",
          "dangerous"
        ],
        [
          "critical",
          "critical"
        ],
        [
          "difficult",
          "difficult"
        ],
        [
          "adverse",
          "adverse"
        ],
        [
          "doubtful",
          "doubtful"
        ],
        [
          "doubt",
          "doubt"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of a situation) Precarious, dangerous, critical, difficult, adverse, doubtful, in doubt"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of a situation"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "perīculōsus"
        },
        {
          "word": "īnfēnsus"
        },
        {
          "word": "anceps"
        },
        {
          "word": "capitālis"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Changeable, uncertain"
      ],
      "id": "en-dubius-la-adj-9AOEepS2",
      "links": [
        [
          "Changeable",
          "changeable"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of weather) Changeable, uncertain"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of weather"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdu.bi.us/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈd̪ʊbiʊs̠]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdu.bi.us/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈd̪uːbius]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dubius"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 3-syllable words",
    "Latin adjectives",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin first and second declension adjectives",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "dubiē"
    },
    {
      "word": "dubietās"
    },
    {
      "word": "dubiō"
    },
    {
      "word": "dubiōsus"
    },
    {
      "word": "dubium"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "dubious",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: dubious",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: dubious"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "dubbio",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Italian: dubbio",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Italian: dubbio"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "dúbio",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Portuguese: dúbio",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Portuguese: dúbio"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "dùbbitu",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Sicilian: dùbbitu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Sicilian: dùbbitu"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*du(i)βwos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *du(i)βwos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dwi-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "two-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dwi- (“two-”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "διφυής",
        "3": "",
        "4": "of two shapes or natures"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek διφυής (diphuḗs, “of two shapes or natures”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*dubʰi-",
        "5": "on two sides"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dubʰi- (“on two sides”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "δισσός",
        "3": "",
        "4": "twofold; doubtful"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek δισσός (dissós, “twofold; doubtful”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Zweifel",
        "3": "",
        "4": "doubt"
      },
      "expansion": "German Zweifel (“doubt”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Somewhat uncertain, but likely derived from *dubos (“in doubt”, adj.), from Proto-Italic *du(i)βwos, from Proto-Indo-European *dwi- (“two-”) + *bʰuH- (“to be”), with the same latter element as in superbus, probus (less likely tribus), in this case parallel to Ancient Greek διφυής (diphuḗs, “of two shapes or natures”). Or less likely, directly from Proto-Indo-European *dubʰi- (“on two sides”).\nFor the relation to \"two\" cf. Ancient Greek δισσός (dissós, “twofold; doubtful”), δοιάζω (doiázō, “to be in two minds”) and German Zweifel (“doubt”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "dubia",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubium",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubius",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubia",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubia",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiārum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubia",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubia",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubiae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dubia",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dubius"
      },
      "expansion": "dubius (feminine dubia, neuter dubium); first/second-declension adjective",
      "name": "la-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dubius"
      },
      "name": "la-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "dubitābilis"
    },
    {
      "word": "dubitanter"
    },
    {
      "word": "dubitātim"
    },
    {
      "word": "dubitātiō"
    },
    {
      "word": "dubitātīvus"
    },
    {
      "word": "dubitātor"
    },
    {
      "word": "dubitātus"
    },
    {
      "word": "dubitō"
    },
    {
      "english": "hapax, gloss",
      "word": "dubō"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Moving in two directions alternately, vibrating to and fro, fluctuating, wavering"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Moving",
          "move"
        ],
        [
          "directions",
          "direction"
        ],
        [
          "alternately",
          "alternately"
        ],
        [
          "vibrating",
          "vibrating"
        ],
        [
          "to and fro",
          "to and fro"
        ],
        [
          "fluctuating",
          "fluctuating"
        ],
        [
          "wavering",
          "wavering"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "fixus"
        },
        {
          "word": "prōmptus"
        },
        {
          "word": "indubius"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Latin terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "… and [Anna] gave hope to [Dido’s] wavering mind, and absolved [her sister’s sense of] shame.",
          "ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.55",
          "text": "… spemque dedit dubiae mentī, solvitque pudōrem."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Vacillating in mind, wavering, uncertain, doubting, doubtful, dubious, irresolute, undetermined"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Vacillating",
          "vacillate"
        ],
        [
          "mind",
          "mind"
        ],
        [
          "wavering",
          "wavering"
        ],
        [
          "uncertain",
          "uncertain"
        ],
        [
          "doubting",
          "doubting"
        ],
        [
          "doubtful",
          "doubtful"
        ],
        [
          "dubious",
          "dubious"
        ],
        [
          "irresolute",
          "irresolute"
        ],
        [
          "undetermined",
          "undetermined"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) Vacillating in mind, wavering, uncertain, doubting, doubtful, dubious, irresolute, undetermined"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "incertus"
        },
        {
          "word": "suspensus"
        },
        {
          "word": "vagus"
        },
        {
          "word": "anceps"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2",
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The result is in doubt",
          "ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 2.781",
          "text": "exitus in dubiō est"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Precarious, dangerous, critical, difficult, adverse, doubtful, in doubt"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Precarious",
          "precarious"
        ],
        [
          "dangerous",
          "dangerous"
        ],
        [
          "critical",
          "critical"
        ],
        [
          "difficult",
          "difficult"
        ],
        [
          "adverse",
          "adverse"
        ],
        [
          "doubtful",
          "doubtful"
        ],
        [
          "doubt",
          "doubt"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of a situation) Precarious, dangerous, critical, difficult, adverse, doubtful, in doubt"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of a situation"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "perīculōsus"
        },
        {
          "word": "īnfēnsus"
        },
        {
          "word": "anceps"
        },
        {
          "word": "capitālis"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Changeable, uncertain"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Changeable",
          "changeable"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of weather) Changeable, uncertain"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of weather"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdu.bi.us/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈd̪ʊbiʊs̠]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdu.bi.us/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈd̪uːbius]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dubius"
}

Download raw JSONL data for dubius meaning in Latin (8.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.