"cranium" meaning in Latin

See cranium in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [ˈkraː.ni.ũː] [Classical-Latin], [ˈkraː.ni.um] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: Earliest attestation c. 1190, from Ancient Greek κρᾱνίον (krāníon, “upper part of the head, skull”). Etymology templates: {{etymon|la|:bor|grc:κρᾱνῐ́ον<id:cranium>|id=skull}} [Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "cranium", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*κρᾱν-", "id" : "head", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "head", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "head", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "head", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "grow", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*ḱer-", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-h₂", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "is_uncertain" : true, "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*ḱerh₂-", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "id" : "individualizing nouns", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-ō", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*ḱérh₂sō", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "inline", "lang_name" : "Proto-Hellenic", "term" : "*kárahə", "lang" : "grk-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "κάρα", "lang" : "grc" }, { "alt" : "-ῐ́ον", "id" : "noun suffix", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "is_uncertain" : true, "id" : "adjective suffix", "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-yós", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "-ῐος", "lang" : "grc" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "-ιον", "lang" : "grc" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "κρᾱνῐ́ον", "lang" : "grc" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "cranium", "lang" : "la" }" data-id="skull" data-lang="la" data-title="cranium" id="Latin:_skull">, {{trim|1190}} 1190, {{c.|1190}} c. 1190, {{bor|la|grc|κρᾱνίον||upper part of the head, skull}} Ancient Greek κρᾱνίον (krāníon, “upper part of the head, skull”) Head templates: {{la-noun|crānium<2>}} crānium n (genitive crāniī or crānī); second declension, {{tlb|la|Medieval Latin}} (Medieval Latin) Inflection templates: {{la-ndecl|crānium<2>}} Forms: crānium [canonical, neuter], crāniī [genitive], crānī [genitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], crānium [nominative, singular], crānia [nominative, plural], crāniī [genitive, singular], crānī [genitive, singular], crāniōrum [genitive, plural], crāniō [dative, singular], crāniīs [dative, plural], crānium [accusative, singular], crānia [accusative, plural], crāniō [ablative, singular], crāniīs [ablative, plural], crānium [singular, vocative], crānia [plural, vocative]
  1. (anatomy) skull Tags: Medieval-Latin, declension-2 Synonyms: calvāria, calva, testa Derived forms: crāniālis
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Asturian",
      "lang_code": "ast",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "craniu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "crani"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Danish",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kranium"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Danish",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kranie"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "cranium"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "cranium"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "cranio-"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "lang_code": "eo",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kranio"
    },
    {
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "crâne"
    },
    {
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "Kranium"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Galician",
      "lang_code": "gl",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "cranio"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ido",
      "lang_code": "io",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kranio"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Interlingua",
      "lang_code": "ia",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "cranio"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "cranio"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Kabuverdianu",
      "lang_code": "kea",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kraniu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Malay",
      "lang_code": "ms",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kranium"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Norman",
      "lang_code": "nrf",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "cranne"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "lang_code": "nb",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kranium"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "lang_code": "nb",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kranie"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "lang_code": "nn",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kranium"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "lang_code": "nn",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kranie"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "crânio"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "craniu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "cráneo"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kranium"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kranie"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "grc:κρᾱνῐ́ον<id:cranium>",
        "id": "skull"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"cranium\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*κρᾱν-\", \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱer-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱerh₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"individualizing nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ō\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱérh₂sō\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*kárahə\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"κάρα\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"alt\" : \"-ῐ́ον\", \"id\" : \"noun suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjective suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐος\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ιον\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"κρᾱνῐ́ον\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"cranium\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"skull\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"cranium\" id=\"Latin:_skull\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1190"
      },
      "expansion": "1190",
      "name": "trim"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1190"
      },
      "expansion": "c. 1190",
      "name": "c."
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "κρᾱνίον",
        "4": "",
        "5": "upper part of the head, skull"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κρᾱνίον (krāníon, “upper part of the head, skull”)",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Earliest attestation c. 1190, from Ancient Greek κρᾱνίον (krāníon, “upper part of the head, skull”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "crānium",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crāniī",
      "links": [
        [
          "crāniī",
          "cranii"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crānī",
      "links": [
        [
          "crānī",
          "crani"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crānium",
      "links": [
        [
          "crānium",
          "cranium#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crānia",
      "links": [
        [
          "crānia",
          "crania#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crāniī",
      "links": [
        [
          "crāniī",
          "cranii#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crānī",
      "links": [
        [
          "crānī",
          "crani#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crāniōrum",
      "links": [
        [
          "crāniōrum",
          "craniorum#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crāniō",
      "links": [
        [
          "crāniō",
          "cranio#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crāniīs",
      "links": [
        [
          "crāniīs",
          "craniis#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crānium",
      "links": [
        [
          "crānium",
          "cranium#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crānia",
      "links": [
        [
          "crānia",
          "crania#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crāniō",
      "links": [
        [
          "crāniō",
          "cranio#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crāniīs",
      "links": [
        [
          "crāniīs",
          "craniis#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crānium",
      "links": [
        [
          "crānium",
          "cranium#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crānia",
      "links": [
        [
          "crānia",
          "crania#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "crānium<2>"
      },
      "expansion": "crānium n (genitive crāniī or crānī); second declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "Medieval Latin"
      },
      "expansion": "(Medieval Latin)",
      "name": "tlb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "crānium<2>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Medieval Latin",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Anatomy",
          "orig": "la:Anatomy",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "crāniālis"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "skull"
      ],
      "id": "en-cranium-la-noun-jBpkpRWL",
      "links": [
        [
          "anatomy",
          "anatomy"
        ],
        [
          "skull",
          "skull"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(anatomy) skull"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "calvāria"
        },
        {
          "word": "calva"
        },
        {
          "word": "testa"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Medieval-Latin",
        "declension-2"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anatomy",
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkraː.ni.ũː]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkraː.ni.um]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cranium"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "crāniālis"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Asturian",
      "lang_code": "ast",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "craniu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "crani"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Danish",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kranium"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Danish",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kranie"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "cranium"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "cranium"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "cranio-"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "lang_code": "eo",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kranio"
    },
    {
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "crâne"
    },
    {
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "Kranium"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Galician",
      "lang_code": "gl",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "cranio"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ido",
      "lang_code": "io",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kranio"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Interlingua",
      "lang_code": "ia",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "cranio"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "cranio"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Kabuverdianu",
      "lang_code": "kea",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kraniu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Malay",
      "lang_code": "ms",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kranium"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Norman",
      "lang_code": "nrf",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "cranne"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "lang_code": "nb",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kranium"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "lang_code": "nb",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kranie"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "lang_code": "nn",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kranium"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "lang_code": "nn",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kranie"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "crânio"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "craniu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "cráneo"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kranium"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kranie"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "grc:κρᾱνῐ́ον<id:cranium>",
        "id": "skull"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"cranium\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*κρᾱν-\", \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱer-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱerh₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"individualizing nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ō\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱérh₂sō\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*kárahə\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"κάρα\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"alt\" : \"-ῐ́ον\", \"id\" : \"noun suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjective suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐος\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ιον\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"κρᾱνῐ́ον\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"cranium\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"skull\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"cranium\" id=\"Latin:_skull\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1190"
      },
      "expansion": "1190",
      "name": "trim"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1190"
      },
      "expansion": "c. 1190",
      "name": "c."
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "κρᾱνίον",
        "4": "",
        "5": "upper part of the head, skull"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κρᾱνίον (krāníon, “upper part of the head, skull”)",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Earliest attestation c. 1190, from Ancient Greek κρᾱνίον (krāníon, “upper part of the head, skull”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "crānium",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crāniī",
      "links": [
        [
          "crāniī",
          "cranii"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crānī",
      "links": [
        [
          "crānī",
          "crani"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crānium",
      "links": [
        [
          "crānium",
          "cranium#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crānia",
      "links": [
        [
          "crānia",
          "crania#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crāniī",
      "links": [
        [
          "crāniī",
          "cranii#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crānī",
      "links": [
        [
          "crānī",
          "crani#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crāniōrum",
      "links": [
        [
          "crāniōrum",
          "craniorum#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crāniō",
      "links": [
        [
          "crāniō",
          "cranio#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crāniīs",
      "links": [
        [
          "crāniīs",
          "craniis#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crānium",
      "links": [
        [
          "crānium",
          "cranium#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crānia",
      "links": [
        [
          "crānia",
          "crania#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crāniō",
      "links": [
        [
          "crāniō",
          "cranio#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crāniīs",
      "links": [
        [
          "crāniīs",
          "craniis#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crānium",
      "links": [
        [
          "crānium",
          "cranium#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crānia",
      "links": [
        [
          "crānia",
          "crania#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "crānium<2>"
      },
      "expansion": "crānium n (genitive crāniī or crānī); second declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "Medieval Latin"
      },
      "expansion": "(Medieval Latin)",
      "name": "tlb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "crānium<2>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin 3-syllable words",
        "Latin entries with etymon",
        "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
        "Latin lemmas",
        "Latin neuter nouns",
        "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
        "Latin nouns",
        "Latin second declension nouns",
        "Latin terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
        "Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek",
        "Latin terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
        "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱer- (grow)",
        "Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱerh₂- (head)",
        "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Medieval Latin",
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Pages with etymon",
        "la:Anatomy"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "skull"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "anatomy",
          "anatomy"
        ],
        [
          "skull",
          "skull"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(anatomy) skull"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "calvāria"
        },
        {
          "word": "calva"
        },
        {
          "word": "testa"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Medieval-Latin",
        "declension-2"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anatomy",
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkraː.ni.ũː]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkraː.ni.um]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cranium"
}

Download raw JSONL data for cranium meaning in Latin (8.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.