See carduus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for carduus meaning in Latin (9.1kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "cardinus",
"word": "cardeo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "cardinus",
"tags": [
"Spanish"
],
"word": "cárdeno"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "carduēlis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "carduētum"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cardo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: cardo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: cardo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la-med",
"2": "cardō"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin cardō",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from Medieval Latin <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">cardō</i>"
},
"expansion": "(from Medieval Latin cardō)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old French: (from Medieval Latin cardō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "chardon"
},
"expansion": "French: chardon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: chardon"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "cardon"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: cardon",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la-med",
"2": "cardō"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin cardō",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from Medieval Latin <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">cardō</i>"
},
"expansion": "(from Medieval Latin cardō)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: cardon (from Medieval Latin cardō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cardone",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: cardone",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: cardone"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "cardon",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle French: cardon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle French: cardon"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cardon"
},
"expansion": "French: cardon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: cardon"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cardoon",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: cardoon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: cardoon"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "carda",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: carda f",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "*caritō"
},
"expansion": "*caritō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "carō",
"3": "",
"4": "to comb"
},
"expansion": "carō (“to comb”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly, or from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">*caritō</i>, from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">carō</i> (“to comb”)"
},
"expansion": "(possibly, or from *caritō, from carō (“to comb”))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: carda f (possibly, or from *caritō, from carō (“to comb”))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "card"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: card",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: card"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "carde",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: carde",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: carde"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "carde"
},
"expansion": "French: carde\n→ English: chard\n→ Romanian: carda",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "French: carde\n→ English: chard\n→ Romanian: carda"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "card#Etymology 2",
"bor": "1",
"t": "comb"
},
"expansion": "→ English: card (“comb”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: card (“comb”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kaarden",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: kaarden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: kaarden"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "cardo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: cardo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: cardo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "cardo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: cardo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: cardo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "cardo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: cardo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: cardo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "card"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: card",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: card"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "cardu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: cardu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: cardu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kardā",
"bor": "1",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *kardā f",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *kardā f (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kars-",
"t": "to scratch, scrape, rub, card"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kars- (“to scratch, scrape, rub, card”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कषति",
"t": "scratches, rubs"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कषति (kaṣati, “scratches, rubs”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "harsch",
"t": "hairy"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German harsch (“hairy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "короста",
"t": "scab"
},
"expansion": "Russian короста (korosta, “scab”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "краста"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic краста (krasta)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "karsiu",
"t": "to comb"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian karsiu (“to comb”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Proto-Indo-European *kars- (“to scratch, scrape, rub, card”). See also Sanskrit कषति (kaṣati, “scratches, rubs”), Middle Low German harsch (“hairy”), Russian короста (korosta, “scab”), Old Church Slavonic краста (krasta), Lithuanian karsiu (“to comb”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "carduī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "carduus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "carduī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "carduī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "carduōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "carduō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "carduīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "carduum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "carduōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "carduō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "carduīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardue",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "carduī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "carduus<2>"
},
"expansion": "carduus m (genitive carduī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "carduus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "73 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "la:Plants",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Vegetables",
"orig": "la:Vegetables",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Plants",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Lifeforms",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a wild thistle"
],
"id": "en-carduus-la-noun-L9AWdPGh",
"links": [
[
"thistle",
"thistle"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the artichoke"
],
"id": "en-carduus-la-noun-k1jHprMH",
"links": [
[
"artichoke",
"artichoke"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkar.du.us/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkärd̪uʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkar.du.us/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkärd̪uːs]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cardus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cardō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "carda"
}
],
"word": "carduus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"la:Plants",
"la:Vegetables"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "cardinus",
"word": "cardeo"
},
{
"sense": "cardinus",
"tags": [
"Spanish"
],
"word": "cárdeno"
},
{
"word": "carduēlis"
},
{
"word": "carduētum"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cardo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: cardo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: cardo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la-med",
"2": "cardō"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin cardō",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from Medieval Latin <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">cardō</i>"
},
"expansion": "(from Medieval Latin cardō)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old French: (from Medieval Latin cardō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "chardon"
},
"expansion": "French: chardon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: chardon"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "cardon"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: cardon",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la-med",
"2": "cardō"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin cardō",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from Medieval Latin <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">cardō</i>"
},
"expansion": "(from Medieval Latin cardō)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: cardon (from Medieval Latin cardō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cardone",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: cardone",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: cardone"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "cardon",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle French: cardon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle French: cardon"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cardon"
},
"expansion": "French: cardon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: cardon"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cardoon",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: cardoon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: cardoon"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "carda",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: carda f",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "*caritō"
},
"expansion": "*caritō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "carō",
"3": "",
"4": "to comb"
},
"expansion": "carō (“to comb”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly, or from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">*caritō</i>, from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">carō</i> (“to comb”)"
},
"expansion": "(possibly, or from *caritō, from carō (“to comb”))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: carda f (possibly, or from *caritō, from carō (“to comb”))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "card"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: card",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: card"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "carde",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: carde",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: carde"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "carde"
},
"expansion": "French: carde\n→ English: chard\n→ Romanian: carda",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "French: carde\n→ English: chard\n→ Romanian: carda"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "card#Etymology 2",
"bor": "1",
"t": "comb"
},
"expansion": "→ English: card (“comb”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: card (“comb”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kaarden",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: kaarden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: kaarden"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "cardo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: cardo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: cardo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "cardo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: cardo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: cardo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "cardo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: cardo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: cardo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "card"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: card",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: card"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "cardu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: cardu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: cardu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kardā",
"bor": "1",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *kardā f",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *kardā f (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kars-",
"t": "to scratch, scrape, rub, card"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kars- (“to scratch, scrape, rub, card”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कषति",
"t": "scratches, rubs"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कषति (kaṣati, “scratches, rubs”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "harsch",
"t": "hairy"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German harsch (“hairy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "короста",
"t": "scab"
},
"expansion": "Russian короста (korosta, “scab”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "краста"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic краста (krasta)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "karsiu",
"t": "to comb"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian karsiu (“to comb”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Proto-Indo-European *kars- (“to scratch, scrape, rub, card”). See also Sanskrit कषति (kaṣati, “scratches, rubs”), Middle Low German harsch (“hairy”), Russian короста (korosta, “scab”), Old Church Slavonic краста (krasta), Lithuanian karsiu (“to comb”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "carduī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "carduus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "carduī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "carduī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "carduōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "carduō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "carduīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "carduum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "carduōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "carduō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "carduīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cardue",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "carduī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "carduus<2>"
},
"expansion": "carduus m (genitive carduī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "carduus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a wild thistle"
],
"links": [
[
"thistle",
"thistle"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the artichoke"
],
"links": [
[
"artichoke",
"artichoke"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkar.du.us/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkärd̪uʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkar.du.us/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkärd̪uːs]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cardus"
},
{
"word": "cardō"
},
{
"word": "carda"
}
],
"word": "carduus"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.