"carduus" meaning in All languages combined

See carduus on Wiktionary

Noun [Latin]

IPA: /ˈkar.du.us/ [Classical-Latin], [ˈkärd̪uʊs̠] [Classical-Latin], /ˈkar.du.us/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [ˈkärd̪uːs] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: Probably from Proto-Indo-European *kars- (“to scratch, scrape, rub, card”). See also Sanskrit कषति (kaṣati, “scratches, rubs”), Middle Low German harsch (“hairy”), Russian короста (korosta, “scab”), Old Church Slavonic краста (krasta), Lithuanian karsiu (“to comb”). Etymology templates: {{der|la|ine-pro|*kars-|t=to scratch, scrape, rub, card}} Proto-Indo-European *kars- (“to scratch, scrape, rub, card”), {{cog|sa|कषति|t=scratches, rubs}} Sanskrit कषति (kaṣati, “scratches, rubs”), {{cog|gml|harsch|t=hairy}} Middle Low German harsch (“hairy”), {{cog|ru|короста|t=scab}} Russian короста (korosta, “scab”), {{cog|cu|краста}} Old Church Slavonic краста (krasta), {{cog|lt|karsiu|t=to comb}} Lithuanian karsiu (“to comb”) Head templates: {{la-noun|carduus<2>}} carduus m (genitive carduī); second declension Inflection templates: {{la-ndecl|carduus<2>}} Forms: carduī [genitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], carduus [nominative, singular], carduī [nominative, plural], carduī [genitive, singular], carduōrum [genitive, plural], carduō [dative, singular], carduīs [dative, plural], carduum [accusative, singular], carduōs [accusative, plural], carduō [ablative, singular], carduīs [ablative, plural], cardue [singular, vocative], carduī [plural, vocative]
  1. a wild thistle Tags: declension-2, masculine Categories (lifeform): Plants, Vegetables
    Sense id: en-carduus-la-noun-L9AWdPGh Disambiguation of Plants: 93 7 Disambiguation of Vegetables: 93 7 Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Latin masculine nouns in the second declension, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 73 27 Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the second declension: 48 52 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 83 17 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 90 10
  2. the artichoke Tags: declension-2, masculine
    Sense id: en-carduus-la-noun-k1jHprMH Categories (other): Latin masculine nouns in the second declension Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the second declension: 48 52
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: cardus, cardō, carda Derived forms: carduēlis, carduētum Derived forms (cardinus): cardeo, cárdeno [Spanish]
Disambiguation of 'cardinus': 0 0

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "sense": "cardinus",
      "word": "cardeo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "sense": "cardinus",
      "tags": [
        "Spanish"
      ],
      "word": "cárdeno"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "carduēlis"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "carduētum"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "cardo"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: cardo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: cardo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old French:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la-med",
            "2": "cardō"
          },
          "expansion": "Medieval Latin cardō",
          "name": "m+"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "from Medieval Latin <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">cardō</i>"
          },
          "expansion": "(from Medieval Latin cardō)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old French: (from Medieval Latin cardō)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "chardon"
          },
          "expansion": "French: chardon",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: chardon"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pro",
            "2": "cardon"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Occitan: cardon",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la-med",
            "2": "cardō"
          },
          "expansion": "Medieval Latin cardō",
          "name": "m+"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "from Medieval Latin <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">cardō</i>"
          },
          "expansion": "(from Medieval Latin cardō)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Occitan: cardon (from Medieval Latin cardō)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "cardone",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Italian: cardone",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Italian: cardone"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frm",
            "2": "cardon",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle French: cardon",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle French: cardon"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "cardon"
          },
          "expansion": "French: cardon",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: cardon"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "cardoon",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: cardoon",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: cardoon"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "carduni",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Sicilian: carduni",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Sicilian: carduni"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pro",
            "2": "carda",
            "g": "f"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Occitan: carda f",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "possibly, or from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">*caritō</i>, from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">carō</i> (“to comb”)"
          },
          "expansion": "(possibly, or from *caritō, from carō (“to comb”))",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Occitan: carda f (possibly, or from *caritō, from carō (“to comb”))"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "card"
          },
          "expansion": "Catalan: card",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Catalan: card"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "carde",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old French: carde",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old French: carde"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "carde"
          },
          "expansion": "French: carde\n→ English: chard\n→ Romanian: carda",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: carde\n→ English: chard\n→ Romanian: carda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "card#Etymology 2",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "comb"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: card (“comb”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: card (“comb”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "kaarden",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Dutch: kaarden",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Dutch: kaarden"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "roa-opt",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Galician-Portuguese:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gl",
            "2": "cardo"
          },
          "expansion": "Galician: cardo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Galician: cardo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "cardo"
          },
          "expansion": "Portuguese: cardo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Portuguese: cardo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osp",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Spanish:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Spanish:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "cardo"
          },
          "expansion": "Spanish: cardo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Spanish: cardo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pms",
            "2": "card"
          },
          "expansion": "Piedmontese: card",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Piedmontese: card"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "cardu"
          },
          "expansion": "Sicilian: cardu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sicilian: cardu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*kardā",
            "bor": "1",
            "g": "f"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *kardā f",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *kardā f (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kars-",
        "t": "to scratch, scrape, rub, card"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kars- (“to scratch, scrape, rub, card”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "कषति",
        "t": "scratches, rubs"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit कषति (kaṣati, “scratches, rubs”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "harsch",
        "t": "hairy"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German harsch (“hairy”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "короста",
        "t": "scab"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian короста (korosta, “scab”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cu",
        "2": "краста"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic краста (krasta)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "karsiu",
        "t": "to comb"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian karsiu (“to comb”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Probably from Proto-Indo-European *kars- (“to scratch, scrape, rub, card”). See also Sanskrit कषति (kaṣati, “scratches, rubs”), Middle Low German harsch (“hairy”), Russian короста (korosta, “scab”), Old Church Slavonic краста (krasta), Lithuanian karsiu (“to comb”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "carduī",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carduus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carduī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carduī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carduōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carduō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carduīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carduum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carduōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carduō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carduīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cardue",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carduī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "carduus<2>"
      },
      "expansion": "carduus m (genitive carduī); second declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "carduus<2>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "73 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "83 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "90 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "93 7",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Plants",
          "orig": "la:Plants",
          "parents": [
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "93 7",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Vegetables",
          "orig": "la:Vegetables",
          "parents": [
            "Foods",
            "Plants",
            "Eating",
            "Food and drink",
            "Lifeforms",
            "Human behaviour",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Human",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a wild thistle"
      ],
      "id": "en-carduus-la-noun-L9AWdPGh",
      "links": [
        [
          "thistle",
          "thistle"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the artichoke"
      ],
      "id": "en-carduus-la-noun-k1jHprMH",
      "links": [
        [
          "artichoke",
          "artichoke"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkar.du.us/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkärd̪uʊs̠]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkar.du.us/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkärd̪uːs]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "cardus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "cardō"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "carda"
    }
  ],
  "word": "carduus"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 3-syllable words",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin masculine nouns",
    "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
    "Latin nouns",
    "Latin second declension nouns",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "la:Plants",
    "la:Vegetables"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "sense": "cardinus",
      "word": "cardeo"
    },
    {
      "sense": "cardinus",
      "tags": [
        "Spanish"
      ],
      "word": "cárdeno"
    },
    {
      "word": "carduēlis"
    },
    {
      "word": "carduētum"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "cardo"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: cardo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: cardo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old French:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la-med",
            "2": "cardō"
          },
          "expansion": "Medieval Latin cardō",
          "name": "m+"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "from Medieval Latin <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">cardō</i>"
          },
          "expansion": "(from Medieval Latin cardō)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old French: (from Medieval Latin cardō)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "chardon"
          },
          "expansion": "French: chardon",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: chardon"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pro",
            "2": "cardon"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Occitan: cardon",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la-med",
            "2": "cardō"
          },
          "expansion": "Medieval Latin cardō",
          "name": "m+"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "from Medieval Latin <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">cardō</i>"
          },
          "expansion": "(from Medieval Latin cardō)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Occitan: cardon (from Medieval Latin cardō)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "cardone",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Italian: cardone",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Italian: cardone"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frm",
            "2": "cardon",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle French: cardon",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle French: cardon"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "cardon"
          },
          "expansion": "French: cardon",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: cardon"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "cardoon",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: cardoon",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: cardoon"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "carduni",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Sicilian: carduni",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Sicilian: carduni"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pro",
            "2": "carda",
            "g": "f"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Occitan: carda f",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "possibly, or from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">*caritō</i>, from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">carō</i> (“to comb”)"
          },
          "expansion": "(possibly, or from *caritō, from carō (“to comb”))",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Occitan: carda f (possibly, or from *caritō, from carō (“to comb”))"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "card"
          },
          "expansion": "Catalan: card",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Catalan: card"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "carde",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old French: carde",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old French: carde"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "carde"
          },
          "expansion": "French: carde\n→ English: chard\n→ Romanian: carda",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: carde\n→ English: chard\n→ Romanian: carda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "card#Etymology 2",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "comb"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: card (“comb”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: card (“comb”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "kaarden",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Dutch: kaarden",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Dutch: kaarden"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "roa-opt",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Galician-Portuguese:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gl",
            "2": "cardo"
          },
          "expansion": "Galician: cardo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Galician: cardo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "cardo"
          },
          "expansion": "Portuguese: cardo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Portuguese: cardo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osp",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Spanish:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Spanish:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "cardo"
          },
          "expansion": "Spanish: cardo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Spanish: cardo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pms",
            "2": "card"
          },
          "expansion": "Piedmontese: card",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Piedmontese: card"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "cardu"
          },
          "expansion": "Sicilian: cardu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sicilian: cardu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*kardā",
            "bor": "1",
            "g": "f"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *kardā f",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *kardā f (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kars-",
        "t": "to scratch, scrape, rub, card"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kars- (“to scratch, scrape, rub, card”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "कषति",
        "t": "scratches, rubs"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit कषति (kaṣati, “scratches, rubs”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "harsch",
        "t": "hairy"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German harsch (“hairy”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "короста",
        "t": "scab"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian короста (korosta, “scab”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cu",
        "2": "краста"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic краста (krasta)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "karsiu",
        "t": "to comb"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian karsiu (“to comb”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Probably from Proto-Indo-European *kars- (“to scratch, scrape, rub, card”). See also Sanskrit कषति (kaṣati, “scratches, rubs”), Middle Low German harsch (“hairy”), Russian короста (korosta, “scab”), Old Church Slavonic краста (krasta), Lithuanian karsiu (“to comb”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "carduī",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carduus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carduī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carduī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carduōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carduō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carduīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carduum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carduōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carduō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carduīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cardue",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carduī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "carduus<2>"
      },
      "expansion": "carduus m (genitive carduī); second declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "carduus<2>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a wild thistle"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "thistle",
          "thistle"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "the artichoke"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "artichoke",
          "artichoke"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkar.du.us/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkärd̪uʊs̠]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkar.du.us/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkärd̪uːs]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "cardus"
    },
    {
      "word": "cardō"
    },
    {
      "word": "carda"
    }
  ],
  "word": "carduus"
}

Download raw JSONL data for carduus meaning in All languages combined (8.2kB)

{
  "called_from": "linkages/371",
  "msg": "unrecognized linkage prefix: Old Galician-Portuguese: cardeo desc=Old Galician-Portuguese rest=cardeo cls=romanization cls2=romanization e1=True e2=True",
  "path": [
    "carduus"
  ],
  "section": "Latin",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "carduus",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.