See caelum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "caeles"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "caelestīnus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "caelestis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "caelicola"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "caelicus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "caelifer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "caelifluus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "caeligenus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "caeliger"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "caeliloquus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "caelipotēns"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "caelitēs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "caelitus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Caelius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "caeruleus"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*kailom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *kailom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*kéh₂i-lom",
"5": "whole"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂i-lom (“whole”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "caelebs"
},
"expansion": "Latin caelebs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "це́лый",
"3": "",
"4": "whole, intact"
},
"expansion": "Russian це́лый (célyj, “whole, intact”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "whole"
},
"expansion": "English whole",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌊𐌀𐌝𐌋𐌀",
"3": "",
"4": "perh. a kind of building"
},
"expansion": "Oscan 𐌊𐌀𐌝𐌋𐌀 (kaíla, “perh. a kind of building”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Italic *kailom (with a gender change to masculine), from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂i-lom (“whole”), from *keh₂i- or *kh₂éy-, originating in the augural sphere and indicating \"the whole\" as opposed to templum (“the part”) and cognate with Latin caelebs (and perhaps sincērus and caerimōnia), Russian це́лый (célyj, “whole, intact”), English whole, holy. May be cognate of Oscan 𐌊𐌀𐌝𐌋𐌀 (kaíla, “perh. a kind of building”). The shift from neuter to masculine is irregular.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caelī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "caelum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caelī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caelī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caelōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caelō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caelīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caelum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caelōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caelō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caelīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caelum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "caelī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "caelus",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cael",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cælum",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "coelum",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Medieval-Latin",
"New-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "cœlum",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Medieval-Latin",
"New-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "coelus",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Medieval-Latin",
"New-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "cœlus",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Medieval-Latin",
"New-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "cēlum",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Medieval-Latin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "((caelum<2.sg>,caelī<2>))",
"footnote": "When the singular was masculine, it was caelus. The plural was rare and existed only in poetic use before the Christian era, but it is common in ecclesiastical Latin, and the plural has always been masculine.",
"g": "n",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "caelum n or m (genitive caelī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caelum<2>",
"acc_pl": "caelōs",
"footnote": "The singular is neuter, the plural masculine. In the singular, the masculine form caelus exists but is archaic. In the plural, a neuter form does not exist. The plural was classically rare and avoided, but is frequent in Christian usage, translating Hebrew <i class=\"Hebr mention\" lang=\"he\">שמים</i> and Greek <i class=\"Polyt mention\" lang=\"grc\">οὐρανοί</i> (ouranoí).",
"nom_pl": "caelī",
"voc_pl": "caelī"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "56 5 5 6 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 27 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 11 11 11 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 6 6 6 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 5 5 6 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 18 18 18 21",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Atmosphere",
"orig": "la:Atmosphere",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I am the woman to whom you used to promise heaven. Alas, in place of heaven what kind of gifts do I get? (trans. Anne and Peter Wiseman, 2011)",
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 3.505–506",
"text": "illa ego sum, cui tū solitus prōmittere caelum. ei mihi, prō caelō quālia dōna ferō!",
"translation": "I am the woman to whom you used to promise heaven. Alas, in place of heaven what kind of gifts do I get? (trans. Anne and Peter Wiseman, 2011)",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
73,
79
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
83,
89
]
],
"english": "And he saw in his dream a ladder set up on the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven",
"ref": "Late 4th century, Jerome [et al.], transl., edited by Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra: Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem (Vulgate), 5th edition, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, published 2007, →ISBN, Genesis 28:12:",
"text": "viditque in somnis scalam stantem super terram et cacumen illius tangens caelum",
"translation": "And he saw in his dream a ladder set up on the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heaven (where the stars and the Milky Way is)"
],
"id": "en-caelum-la-noun-Ky486vyL",
"links": [
[
"heaven",
"heaven"
],
[
"star",
"star"
],
[
"Milky Way",
"Milky Way"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 27 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 18 18 18 21",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Atmosphere",
"orig": "la:Atmosphere",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Those who cross the sea change the sky not their spirits.",
"roman": "Caelum non animum mutant qui trans mare currunt.",
"text": "Horace, Epistles I.xi.27 http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/horace/epist1.shtml (translation Eugene Ehrlich, Say It in Latin, →ISBN",
"translation": "Those who cross the sea change the sky not their spirits."
},
{
"english": "The directions which the sacred temples of the immortal gods ought to face should be so arranged that, if there is no reason to the contrary and the architect has full power, the temple and the image in the shrine should face to the west, in order that those who approach the altar to offer or to sacrifice may see to the east the image in the shrine, and that in making their vows they may behold the temple and the east[ern part of the sky], and that the images themselves may appear rising in the east to behold such as offer prayer and sacrifice.",
"ref": "c. 15 BCE, Vitruvius, De architectura 4.5.1",
"text": "Regiones autem, quas debent spectare aedes sacrae deorum inmortalium, sic erunt constituendae, uti, si nulla ratio inpedierit liberaque fuerit potestas, aedis signumque quod erit in cella conlocatum, spectet ad vespertinam caeli regionem, uti, qui adierint ad aram immolantes aut sacrificia facientes, spectent ad partem caeli orientis et simulacrum, quod erit in aede, et ita vota suscipientes contueantur aedem et orientem caeli ipsaque simulacra videantur exorientia contueri supplicantes et sacrificantes, quod aras omnes deorum necesse esse videatur ad orientem spectare.",
"translation": "The directions which the sacred temples of the immortal gods ought to face should be so arranged that, if there is no reason to the contrary and the architect has full power, the temple and the image in the shrine should face to the west, in order that those who approach the altar to offer or to sacrifice may see to the east the image in the shrine, and that in making their vows they may behold the temple and the east[ern part of the sky], and that the images themselves may appear rising in the east to behold such as offer prayer and sacrifice.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sky"
],
"id": "en-caelum-la-noun-BfUU-ufK",
"links": [
[
"sky",
"sky"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 27 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 18 18 18 21",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Atmosphere",
"orig": "la:Atmosphere",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Weather",
"orig": "la:Weather",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"climate, weather"
],
"id": "en-caelum-la-noun-RvqOlD~L",
"links": [
[
"climate",
"climate"
],
[
"weather",
"weather"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 27 23 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 18 18 18 21",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Atmosphere",
"orig": "la:Atmosphere",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
8
]
],
"english": "to deem someone to be the greatest, best, etc.",
"text": "in caelo ponere aliquem",
"translation": "to deem someone to be the greatest, best, etc.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "What do you want from me? I live, I am my own master, I left behind the self same things you by common approval so eagerly covet, like the fugitive I have no right to the priest's blessed cake, but bread will quench my hunger over any honeyed delicacy.",
"ref": "20 BCE – 14 BCE, Horace, Epistles IX.9–11",
"roman": "Pane egeo iam mellitis potiore placentis.",
"text": "Quid quaeris? Vivo et regno, simul ista reliqui\nQuae vos ad caelum fertis rumore secundo,\nUtque sacerdotis fugitivus liba recuso,",
"translation": "What do you want from me? I live, I am my own master, I left behind the self same things you by common approval so eagerly covet, like the fugitive I have no right to the priest's blessed cake, but bread will quench my hunger over any honeyed delicacy.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the summit of prosperity, happiness, honor"
],
"id": "en-caelum-la-noun-X6skppVh",
"links": [
[
"ferō",
"fero#Latin"
],
[
"extollō",
"extollo#Latin"
],
[
"ponō",
"pono#Latin"
],
[
"ad",
"ad#Latin"
],
[
"in",
"in#Latin"
],
[
"summit",
"summit"
],
[
"prosperity",
"prosperity"
],
[
"happiness",
"happiness"
],
[
"honor",
"honor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively, with ferō/extollō/ponō and ad or in, etc.) the summit of prosperity, happiness, honor"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with ferō/extollō/ponō and ad or in"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"figuratively",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkae̯.ɫũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃɛː.lum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "caelum"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Caelum"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kh₂eyd-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*kaid(s)lom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *kaid(s)lom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kh₂eyd-",
"4": "",
"5": "cut, hew"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kh₂eyd- (“cut, hew”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *kaid(s)lom, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂eyd- (“cut, hew”) (whence also caedō (“I cut”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caelī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "caelum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caela",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caelī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caelōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caelō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caelīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caelum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caela",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caelō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caelīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caelum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "caela",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cēlum",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "coelum",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caelum<2>"
},
"expansion": "caelum n (genitive caelī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caelum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 18 18 18 21",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Atmosphere",
"orig": "la:Atmosphere",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 5 5 5 68",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "la:Tools",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chisel"
],
"id": "en-caelum-la-noun-RDf48ORH",
"links": [
[
"chisel",
"chisel"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "caedēs"
},
{
"word": "caedō"
},
{
"word": "caeduus"
},
{
"word": "caelāmen"
},
{
"word": "caelātor"
},
{
"word": "caelātūra"
},
{
"word": "caelō"
},
{
"word": "caesa"
},
{
"word": "caesim"
},
{
"word": "caesiō"
},
{
"word": "caesor"
},
{
"word": "caespes"
},
{
"word": "caesum"
},
{
"word": "caesūra"
},
{
"word": "caesus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkae̯.ɫũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃɛː.lum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "caelum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin nouns with multiple genders",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kh₂eyd-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Atmosphere",
"la:Tools",
"la:Weather"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "caeles"
},
{
"word": "caelestīnus"
},
{
"word": "caelestis"
},
{
"word": "caelicola"
},
{
"word": "caelicus"
},
{
"word": "caelifer"
},
{
"word": "caelifluus"
},
{
"word": "caeligenus"
},
{
"word": "caeliger"
},
{
"word": "caeliloquus"
},
{
"word": "caelipotēns"
},
{
"word": "caelitēs"
},
{
"word": "caelitus"
},
{
"word": "Caelius"
},
{
"word": "caeruleus"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*kailom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *kailom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*kéh₂i-lom",
"5": "whole"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂i-lom (“whole”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "caelebs"
},
"expansion": "Latin caelebs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "це́лый",
"3": "",
"4": "whole, intact"
},
"expansion": "Russian це́лый (célyj, “whole, intact”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "whole"
},
"expansion": "English whole",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌊𐌀𐌝𐌋𐌀",
"3": "",
"4": "perh. a kind of building"
},
"expansion": "Oscan 𐌊𐌀𐌝𐌋𐌀 (kaíla, “perh. a kind of building”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Italic *kailom (with a gender change to masculine), from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂i-lom (“whole”), from *keh₂i- or *kh₂éy-, originating in the augural sphere and indicating \"the whole\" as opposed to templum (“the part”) and cognate with Latin caelebs (and perhaps sincērus and caerimōnia), Russian це́лый (célyj, “whole, intact”), English whole, holy. May be cognate of Oscan 𐌊𐌀𐌝𐌋𐌀 (kaíla, “perh. a kind of building”). The shift from neuter to masculine is irregular.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caelī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "caelum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caelī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caelī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caelōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caelō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caelīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caelum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caelōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caelō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caelīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caelum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "caelī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "caelus",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cael",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cælum",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "coelum",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Medieval-Latin",
"New-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "cœlum",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Medieval-Latin",
"New-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "coelus",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Medieval-Latin",
"New-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "cœlus",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Medieval-Latin",
"New-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "cēlum",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Medieval-Latin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "((caelum<2.sg>,caelī<2>))",
"footnote": "When the singular was masculine, it was caelus. The plural was rare and existed only in poetic use before the Christian era, but it is common in ecclesiastical Latin, and the plural has always been masculine.",
"g": "n",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "caelum n or m (genitive caelī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caelum<2>",
"acc_pl": "caelōs",
"footnote": "The singular is neuter, the plural masculine. In the singular, the masculine form caelus exists but is archaic. In the plural, a neuter form does not exist. The plural was classically rare and avoided, but is frequent in Christian usage, translating Hebrew <i class=\"Hebr mention\" lang=\"he\">שמים</i> and Greek <i class=\"Polyt mention\" lang=\"grc\">οὐρανοί</i> (ouranoí).",
"nom_pl": "caelī",
"voc_pl": "caelī"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I am the woman to whom you used to promise heaven. Alas, in place of heaven what kind of gifts do I get? (trans. Anne and Peter Wiseman, 2011)",
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 3.505–506",
"text": "illa ego sum, cui tū solitus prōmittere caelum. ei mihi, prō caelō quālia dōna ferō!",
"translation": "I am the woman to whom you used to promise heaven. Alas, in place of heaven what kind of gifts do I get? (trans. Anne and Peter Wiseman, 2011)",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
73,
79
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
83,
89
]
],
"english": "And he saw in his dream a ladder set up on the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven",
"ref": "Late 4th century, Jerome [et al.], transl., edited by Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra: Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem (Vulgate), 5th edition, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, published 2007, →ISBN, Genesis 28:12:",
"text": "viditque in somnis scalam stantem super terram et cacumen illius tangens caelum",
"translation": "And he saw in his dream a ladder set up on the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heaven (where the stars and the Milky Way is)"
],
"links": [
[
"heaven",
"heaven"
],
[
"star",
"star"
],
[
"Milky Way",
"Milky Way"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Those who cross the sea change the sky not their spirits.",
"roman": "Caelum non animum mutant qui trans mare currunt.",
"text": "Horace, Epistles I.xi.27 http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/horace/epist1.shtml (translation Eugene Ehrlich, Say It in Latin, →ISBN",
"translation": "Those who cross the sea change the sky not their spirits."
},
{
"english": "The directions which the sacred temples of the immortal gods ought to face should be so arranged that, if there is no reason to the contrary and the architect has full power, the temple and the image in the shrine should face to the west, in order that those who approach the altar to offer or to sacrifice may see to the east the image in the shrine, and that in making their vows they may behold the temple and the east[ern part of the sky], and that the images themselves may appear rising in the east to behold such as offer prayer and sacrifice.",
"ref": "c. 15 BCE, Vitruvius, De architectura 4.5.1",
"text": "Regiones autem, quas debent spectare aedes sacrae deorum inmortalium, sic erunt constituendae, uti, si nulla ratio inpedierit liberaque fuerit potestas, aedis signumque quod erit in cella conlocatum, spectet ad vespertinam caeli regionem, uti, qui adierint ad aram immolantes aut sacrificia facientes, spectent ad partem caeli orientis et simulacrum, quod erit in aede, et ita vota suscipientes contueantur aedem et orientem caeli ipsaque simulacra videantur exorientia contueri supplicantes et sacrificantes, quod aras omnes deorum necesse esse videatur ad orientem spectare.",
"translation": "The directions which the sacred temples of the immortal gods ought to face should be so arranged that, if there is no reason to the contrary and the architect has full power, the temple and the image in the shrine should face to the west, in order that those who approach the altar to offer or to sacrifice may see to the east the image in the shrine, and that in making their vows they may behold the temple and the east[ern part of the sky], and that the images themselves may appear rising in the east to behold such as offer prayer and sacrifice.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sky"
],
"links": [
[
"sky",
"sky"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"climate, weather"
],
"links": [
[
"climate",
"climate"
],
[
"weather",
"weather"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
8
]
],
"english": "to deem someone to be the greatest, best, etc.",
"text": "in caelo ponere aliquem",
"translation": "to deem someone to be the greatest, best, etc.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "What do you want from me? I live, I am my own master, I left behind the self same things you by common approval so eagerly covet, like the fugitive I have no right to the priest's blessed cake, but bread will quench my hunger over any honeyed delicacy.",
"ref": "20 BCE – 14 BCE, Horace, Epistles IX.9–11",
"roman": "Pane egeo iam mellitis potiore placentis.",
"text": "Quid quaeris? Vivo et regno, simul ista reliqui\nQuae vos ad caelum fertis rumore secundo,\nUtque sacerdotis fugitivus liba recuso,",
"translation": "What do you want from me? I live, I am my own master, I left behind the self same things you by common approval so eagerly covet, like the fugitive I have no right to the priest's blessed cake, but bread will quench my hunger over any honeyed delicacy.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the summit of prosperity, happiness, honor"
],
"links": [
[
"ferō",
"fero#Latin"
],
[
"extollō",
"extollo#Latin"
],
[
"ponō",
"pono#Latin"
],
[
"ad",
"ad#Latin"
],
[
"in",
"in#Latin"
],
[
"summit",
"summit"
],
[
"prosperity",
"prosperity"
],
[
"happiness",
"happiness"
],
[
"honor",
"honor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively, with ferō/extollō/ponō and ad or in, etc.) the summit of prosperity, happiness, honor"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with ferō/extollō/ponō and ad or in"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"figuratively",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkae̯.ɫũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃɛː.lum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "caelum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kh₂eyd-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Atmosphere",
"la:Tools",
"la:Weather"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Caelum"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kh₂eyd-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*kaid(s)lom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *kaid(s)lom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kh₂eyd-",
"4": "",
"5": "cut, hew"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kh₂eyd- (“cut, hew”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *kaid(s)lom, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂eyd- (“cut, hew”) (whence also caedō (“I cut”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caelī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "caelum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caela",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caelī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caelōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caelō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caelīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caelum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caela",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caelō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caelīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caelum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "caela",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cēlum",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "coelum",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caelum<2>"
},
"expansion": "caelum n (genitive caelī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caelum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "caedēs"
},
{
"word": "caedō"
},
{
"word": "caeduus"
},
{
"word": "caelāmen"
},
{
"word": "caelātor"
},
{
"word": "caelātūra"
},
{
"word": "caelō"
},
{
"word": "caesa"
},
{
"word": "caesim"
},
{
"word": "caesiō"
},
{
"word": "caesor"
},
{
"word": "caespes"
},
{
"word": "caesum"
},
{
"word": "caesūra"
},
{
"word": "caesus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"chisel"
],
"links": [
[
"chisel",
"chisel"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkae̯.ɫũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃɛː.lum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "caelum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for caelum meaning in Latin (13.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.