See ave in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"𐤇𐤅",
"𐤇𐤅#Punic"
],
[
"חַוָּה",
"חוה#Hebrew"
],
[
"avō",
"avo#Latin"
],
[
"𐤇𐤅𐤅",
"𐤇𐤅𐤅#Punic"
],
[
"*ḥyw",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḥyw"
],
[
"iambic shortening",
"iambic shortening"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "xpu:𐤇𐤅",
"id": "hail"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Punic\", \"term\" : \"𐤇𐤅\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"xpu\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ave\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"hail\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"ave\" id=\"Latin:_hail\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "xpu",
"3": "𐤇𐤅",
"pos": "2sg. imp.",
"t": "live!",
"tr": "ḥawe"
},
"expansion": "Punic 𐤇𐤅 (ḥawe, “live!”, 2sg. imp.)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "חַוָּה",
"t": "Eve",
"tr": "ḥawwâ"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew חַוָּה (ḥawwâ, “Eve”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "xpu",
"3": "𐤇𐤅𐤅",
"pos": "2pl. imp.",
"tr": "ḥawū"
},
"expansion": "Punic 𐤇𐤅𐤅 (ḥawū, 2pl. imp.)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sem-pro",
"3": "*ḥyw",
"t": "to live"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Semitic *ḥyw (“to live”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "h"
},
"expansion": "⟨h⟩",
"name": "angbr"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "xpu:𐤇𐤅",
"id": "hail"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed with an unspelled /h/ from Punic 𐤇𐤅 (ḥawe, “live!”, 2sg. imp.), cognate to Hebrew חַוָּה (ḥawwâ, “Eve”), and in the plural as avō from Punic 𐤇𐤅𐤅 (ḥawū, 2pl. imp.); both from the Proto-Semitic root Proto-Semitic *ḥyw (“to live”).\nThis form may have been contaminated by Etymology 2, especially since the native Latin verb's long vowel was frequently shortened via iambic shortening. This explains the historical reluctance to spell it with an ⟨h⟩ and its reinterpretation as a standard Latin verb form.\nAttested since Plautus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "avē̆",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "havē̆",
"links": [
[
"havē̆",
"have#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "havē̆",
"links": [
[
"havē̆",
"have#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "havē̆",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "avo",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "avē̆",
"g": "n",
"indecl": "y"
},
"expansion": "avē̆ n (indeclinable)",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "havē̆<indecl>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 36 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 18 13 8 14 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 8 41 1 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin greetings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "1919 translation by Walter C. A. Ker\nDoes any man court halls gaudy and chill with Spartan stone, and bring with him — O fool! — the morning salute […]",
"ref": "86 CE – 103 CE, Martialis, Epigrammata I.LV.5–6",
"roman": "Et mātūtīnum portat ineptus Havē,",
"text": "Quisquam picta colit Spartānī frīgora saxī",
"translation": "1919 translation by Walter C. A. Ker\nDoes any man court halls gaudy and chill with Spartan stone, and bring with him — O fool! — the morning salute […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a greeting, salutation, salute"
],
"id": "en-ave-la-noun-m8oKxqUo",
"links": [
[
"greeting",
"greeting"
],
[
"salutation",
"salutation"
],
[
"salute",
"salute"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "salūtātiō"
}
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈha.weː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈha.wɛ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaː.ve]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Plautus"
],
"word": "ave"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"phrase"
],
"word": "Avē̆ Marīa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "h",
"word": "avētō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ave"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ave"
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ave"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ave"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ave"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ave"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "ave"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ave"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "ave"
}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"lang_code": "osp",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ave"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ave"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ave"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"𐤇𐤅",
"𐤇𐤅#Punic"
],
[
"חַוָּה",
"חוה#Hebrew"
],
[
"avō",
"avo#Latin"
],
[
"𐤇𐤅𐤅",
"𐤇𐤅𐤅#Punic"
],
[
"*ḥyw",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḥyw"
],
[
"iambic shortening",
"iambic shortening"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "xpu:𐤇𐤅",
"id": "hail"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Punic\", \"term\" : \"𐤇𐤅\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"xpu\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ave\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"hail\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"ave\" id=\"Latin:_hail\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "xpu",
"3": "𐤇𐤅",
"pos": "2sg. imp.",
"t": "live!",
"tr": "ḥawe"
},
"expansion": "Punic 𐤇𐤅 (ḥawe, “live!”, 2sg. imp.)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "חַוָּה",
"t": "Eve",
"tr": "ḥawwâ"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew חַוָּה (ḥawwâ, “Eve”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "xpu",
"3": "𐤇𐤅𐤅",
"pos": "2pl. imp.",
"tr": "ḥawū"
},
"expansion": "Punic 𐤇𐤅𐤅 (ḥawū, 2pl. imp.)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sem-pro",
"3": "*ḥyw",
"t": "to live"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Semitic *ḥyw (“to live”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "h"
},
"expansion": "⟨h⟩",
"name": "angbr"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "xpu:𐤇𐤅",
"id": "hail"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed with an unspelled /h/ from Punic 𐤇𐤅 (ḥawe, “live!”, 2sg. imp.), cognate to Hebrew חַוָּה (ḥawwâ, “Eve”), and in the plural as avō from Punic 𐤇𐤅𐤅 (ḥawū, 2pl. imp.); both from the Proto-Semitic root Proto-Semitic *ḥyw (“to live”).\nThis form may have been contaminated by Etymology 2, especially since the native Latin verb's long vowel was frequently shortened via iambic shortening. This explains the historical reluctance to spell it with an ⟨h⟩ and its reinterpretation as a standard Latin verb form.\nAttested since Plautus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "avē̆!",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "havē̆",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "avo",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "intj",
"head": "avē̆!"
},
"expansion": "avē̆!",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "formal"
},
"expansion": "(formal)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 36 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 18 13 8 14 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 29 7 11 14 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 8 41 1 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin greetings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "But when the combatants cried out: \"Hail, emperor, they who are about to die salute thee,\" he replied, \"Or not\" […]",
"ref": "121 CE, Suetonius, De vita Caesarum Vita divi Claudi 21",
"roman": "1914 translation by John Carew Rolfe",
"text": "Sed cum prōclāmantibus naumachiāriīs: \"Havē imperātor, moritūrī tē salūtant!\" Respondisset: \"Aut nōn\" […]",
"translation": "But when the combatants cried out: \"Hail, emperor, they who are about to die salute thee,\" he replied, \"Or not\" […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "1910 translation by Harold Edgeworth Butler\n‘ Hail ’, said the newcomer on entering, ‘ hail, ye servants of Mars, most valorous of gods […]’",
"ref": "c. 125 CE – 180 CE, Apuleius, Metamorphoses VII.5",
"text": "Sīc intrōgressus: \"Havēte,\" inquit, \"fortissimō deō Mārtī clientēs […]\"",
"translation": "1910 translation by Harold Edgeworth Butler\n‘ Hail ’, said the newcomer on entering, ‘ hail, ye servants of Mars, most valorous of gods […]’",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Greeting, my dear Gaius, my dearest little donkey […]",
"ref": "c. 177 CE, Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae XV.VII.III",
"roman": "1927 translation by John Carew Rolfe",
"text": "Avē, mī Gāī, meus asellus iūcundissimus […]",
"translation": "Greeting, my dear Gaius, my dearest little donkey […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "Hail, traveler.",
"raw_tags": [
"a common greeting found on Roman sepulchral inscriptions, addressed to passersby"
],
"text": "Avē, viātor.",
"translation": "Hail, traveler.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hail!, hello!, greetings! (an expression of greeting)"
],
"id": "en-ave-la-intj-Nu99OC9I",
"links": [
[
"hail",
"hail"
],
[
"hello",
"hello"
],
[
"greetings",
"greetings"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aveto"
},
{
"word": "salvē"
}
],
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 36 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 18 13 8 14 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 29 7 11 14 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "1913 translation by Francis Warre-Cornish\nand for ever, my brother, hail and farewell.",
"ref": "c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina CI.10",
"text": "Atque in perpetuum, frāter, avē atque ualē.",
"translation": "1913 translation by Francis Warre-Cornish\nand for ever, my brother, hail and farewell.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "1852 translation by John Selby Watson\nI now commend and entrust Orestilla to your protection; entreating you, by your love for your own children, to defend her from injury. Farewell.",
"ref": "c. 42 BCE, Gaius Sallustius Crispus, Bellum Catilinae XXXV.6",
"text": "nunc Orestillam commendō tuaeque fideī trādō; eam ab iniūriā dēfendās, per līberōs tuōs rogātus. havētō.",
"translation": "1852 translation by John Selby Watson\nI now commend and entrust Orestilla to your protection; entreating you, by your love for your own children, to defend her from injury. Farewell.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"farewell! (an expression of parting)"
],
"id": "en-ave-la-intj-Az7CN7Zb",
"links": [
[
"farewell",
"farewell"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aveto"
},
{
"word": "valē"
}
],
"tags": [
"formal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈha.weː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈha.wɛ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaː.ve]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Plautus"
],
"word": "ave"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nl": "1"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nl": "1"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "avē",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "avē"
},
"expansion": "avē",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 18 13 8 14 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 29 7 11 14 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "aveō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular present imperative of aveō"
],
"id": "en-ave-la-verb-O7WwF2lQ",
"links": [
[
"aveō",
"aveo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"formal",
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.weː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaː.ve]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "ave"
}
{
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nl": "1"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nl": "1"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "ave m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 29 7 11 14 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "avus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vocative singular of avus"
],
"id": "en-ave-la-noun-9IE86xkG",
"links": [
[
"avus",
"avus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"formal",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.wɛ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaː.ve]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "ave"
}
{
"etymology_number": "4",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nl": "1"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nl": "1"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "ave f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 18 13 8 14 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 29 7 11 14 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "avis"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ablative singular of avis"
],
"id": "en-ave-la-noun-rXXZGx1Z",
"links": [
[
"avis",
"avis#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"formal",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.wɛ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaː.ve]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "ave"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries referencing missing etymons",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin formal terms",
"Latin greetings",
"Latin indeclinable nouns",
"Latin interjections",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter indeclinable nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun forms",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms borrowed from Punic",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Semitic",
"Latin terms derived from Punic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 22 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"𐤇𐤅",
"𐤇𐤅#Punic"
],
[
"חַוָּה",
"חוה#Hebrew"
],
[
"avō",
"avo#Latin"
],
[
"𐤇𐤅𐤅",
"𐤇𐤅𐤅#Punic"
],
[
"*ḥyw",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḥyw"
],
[
"iambic shortening",
"iambic shortening"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "xpu:𐤇𐤅",
"id": "hail"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Punic\", \"term\" : \"𐤇𐤅\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"xpu\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ave\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"hail\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"ave\" id=\"Latin:_hail\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "xpu",
"3": "𐤇𐤅",
"pos": "2sg. imp.",
"t": "live!",
"tr": "ḥawe"
},
"expansion": "Punic 𐤇𐤅 (ḥawe, “live!”, 2sg. imp.)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "חַוָּה",
"t": "Eve",
"tr": "ḥawwâ"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew חַוָּה (ḥawwâ, “Eve”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "xpu",
"3": "𐤇𐤅𐤅",
"pos": "2pl. imp.",
"tr": "ḥawū"
},
"expansion": "Punic 𐤇𐤅𐤅 (ḥawū, 2pl. imp.)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sem-pro",
"3": "*ḥyw",
"t": "to live"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Semitic *ḥyw (“to live”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "h"
},
"expansion": "⟨h⟩",
"name": "angbr"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "xpu:𐤇𐤅",
"id": "hail"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed with an unspelled /h/ from Punic 𐤇𐤅 (ḥawe, “live!”, 2sg. imp.), cognate to Hebrew חַוָּה (ḥawwâ, “Eve”), and in the plural as avō from Punic 𐤇𐤅𐤅 (ḥawū, 2pl. imp.); both from the Proto-Semitic root Proto-Semitic *ḥyw (“to live”).\nThis form may have been contaminated by Etymology 2, especially since the native Latin verb's long vowel was frequently shortened via iambic shortening. This explains the historical reluctance to spell it with an ⟨h⟩ and its reinterpretation as a standard Latin verb form.\nAttested since Plautus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "avē̆",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "havē̆",
"links": [
[
"havē̆",
"have#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "havē̆",
"links": [
[
"havē̆",
"have#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "havē̆",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "avo",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "avē̆",
"g": "n",
"indecl": "y"
},
"expansion": "avē̆ n (indeclinable)",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "havē̆<indecl>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "1919 translation by Walter C. A. Ker\nDoes any man court halls gaudy and chill with Spartan stone, and bring with him — O fool! — the morning salute […]",
"ref": "86 CE – 103 CE, Martialis, Epigrammata I.LV.5–6",
"roman": "Et mātūtīnum portat ineptus Havē,",
"text": "Quisquam picta colit Spartānī frīgora saxī",
"translation": "1919 translation by Walter C. A. Ker\nDoes any man court halls gaudy and chill with Spartan stone, and bring with him — O fool! — the morning salute […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a greeting, salutation, salute"
],
"links": [
[
"greeting",
"greeting"
],
[
"salutation",
"salutation"
],
[
"salute",
"salute"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "salūtātiō"
}
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈha.weː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈha.wɛ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaː.ve]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Plautus"
],
"word": "ave"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries referencing missing etymons",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin formal terms",
"Latin greetings",
"Latin indeclinable nouns",
"Latin interjections",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter indeclinable nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun forms",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms borrowed from Punic",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Semitic",
"Latin terms derived from Punic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 22 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"phrase"
],
"word": "Avē̆ Marīa"
},
{
"roman": "h",
"word": "avētō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ave"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ave"
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ave"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ave"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ave"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ave"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "ave"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ave"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "ave"
}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"lang_code": "osp",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ave"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ave"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ave"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"𐤇𐤅",
"𐤇𐤅#Punic"
],
[
"חַוָּה",
"חוה#Hebrew"
],
[
"avō",
"avo#Latin"
],
[
"𐤇𐤅𐤅",
"𐤇𐤅𐤅#Punic"
],
[
"*ḥyw",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḥyw"
],
[
"iambic shortening",
"iambic shortening"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "xpu:𐤇𐤅",
"id": "hail"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Punic\", \"term\" : \"𐤇𐤅\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"xpu\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ave\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"hail\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"ave\" id=\"Latin:_hail\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "xpu",
"3": "𐤇𐤅",
"pos": "2sg. imp.",
"t": "live!",
"tr": "ḥawe"
},
"expansion": "Punic 𐤇𐤅 (ḥawe, “live!”, 2sg. imp.)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "חַוָּה",
"t": "Eve",
"tr": "ḥawwâ"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew חַוָּה (ḥawwâ, “Eve”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "xpu",
"3": "𐤇𐤅𐤅",
"pos": "2pl. imp.",
"tr": "ḥawū"
},
"expansion": "Punic 𐤇𐤅𐤅 (ḥawū, 2pl. imp.)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sem-pro",
"3": "*ḥyw",
"t": "to live"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Semitic *ḥyw (“to live”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "h"
},
"expansion": "⟨h⟩",
"name": "angbr"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "xpu:𐤇𐤅",
"id": "hail"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed with an unspelled /h/ from Punic 𐤇𐤅 (ḥawe, “live!”, 2sg. imp.), cognate to Hebrew חַוָּה (ḥawwâ, “Eve”), and in the plural as avō from Punic 𐤇𐤅𐤅 (ḥawū, 2pl. imp.); both from the Proto-Semitic root Proto-Semitic *ḥyw (“to live”).\nThis form may have been contaminated by Etymology 2, especially since the native Latin verb's long vowel was frequently shortened via iambic shortening. This explains the historical reluctance to spell it with an ⟨h⟩ and its reinterpretation as a standard Latin verb form.\nAttested since Plautus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "avē̆!",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "havē̆",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "avo",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "intj",
"head": "avē̆!"
},
"expansion": "avē̆!",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "formal"
},
"expansion": "(formal)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "But when the combatants cried out: \"Hail, emperor, they who are about to die salute thee,\" he replied, \"Or not\" […]",
"ref": "121 CE, Suetonius, De vita Caesarum Vita divi Claudi 21",
"roman": "1914 translation by John Carew Rolfe",
"text": "Sed cum prōclāmantibus naumachiāriīs: \"Havē imperātor, moritūrī tē salūtant!\" Respondisset: \"Aut nōn\" […]",
"translation": "But when the combatants cried out: \"Hail, emperor, they who are about to die salute thee,\" he replied, \"Or not\" […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "1910 translation by Harold Edgeworth Butler\n‘ Hail ’, said the newcomer on entering, ‘ hail, ye servants of Mars, most valorous of gods […]’",
"ref": "c. 125 CE – 180 CE, Apuleius, Metamorphoses VII.5",
"text": "Sīc intrōgressus: \"Havēte,\" inquit, \"fortissimō deō Mārtī clientēs […]\"",
"translation": "1910 translation by Harold Edgeworth Butler\n‘ Hail ’, said the newcomer on entering, ‘ hail, ye servants of Mars, most valorous of gods […]’",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Greeting, my dear Gaius, my dearest little donkey […]",
"ref": "c. 177 CE, Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae XV.VII.III",
"roman": "1927 translation by John Carew Rolfe",
"text": "Avē, mī Gāī, meus asellus iūcundissimus […]",
"translation": "Greeting, my dear Gaius, my dearest little donkey […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "Hail, traveler.",
"raw_tags": [
"a common greeting found on Roman sepulchral inscriptions, addressed to passersby"
],
"text": "Avē, viātor.",
"translation": "Hail, traveler.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hail!, hello!, greetings! (an expression of greeting)"
],
"links": [
[
"hail",
"hail"
],
[
"hello",
"hello"
],
[
"greetings",
"greetings"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aveto"
},
{
"word": "salvē"
}
],
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "1913 translation by Francis Warre-Cornish\nand for ever, my brother, hail and farewell.",
"ref": "c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina CI.10",
"text": "Atque in perpetuum, frāter, avē atque ualē.",
"translation": "1913 translation by Francis Warre-Cornish\nand for ever, my brother, hail and farewell.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "1852 translation by John Selby Watson\nI now commend and entrust Orestilla to your protection; entreating you, by your love for your own children, to defend her from injury. Farewell.",
"ref": "c. 42 BCE, Gaius Sallustius Crispus, Bellum Catilinae XXXV.6",
"text": "nunc Orestillam commendō tuaeque fideī trādō; eam ab iniūriā dēfendās, per līberōs tuōs rogātus. havētō.",
"translation": "1852 translation by John Selby Watson\nI now commend and entrust Orestilla to your protection; entreating you, by your love for your own children, to defend her from injury. Farewell.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"farewell! (an expression of parting)"
],
"links": [
[
"farewell",
"farewell"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aveto"
},
{
"word": "valē"
}
],
"tags": [
"formal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈha.weː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈha.wɛ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaː.ve]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Plautus"
],
"word": "ave"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin greetings",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun forms",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin verb forms",
"Pages with 22 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nl": "1"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nl": "1"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "avē",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "avē"
},
"expansion": "avē",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "aveō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular present imperative of aveō"
],
"links": [
[
"aveō",
"aveo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"formal",
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.weː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaː.ve]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "ave"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin greetings",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun forms",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 22 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nl": "1"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nl": "1"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "ave m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "avus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vocative singular of avus"
],
"links": [
[
"avus",
"avus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"formal",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.wɛ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaː.ve]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "ave"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin greetings",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun forms",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 22 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"etymology_number": "4",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nl": "1"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nl": "1"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "ave f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "avis"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ablative singular of avis"
],
"links": [
[
"avis",
"avis#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"formal",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.wɛ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈaː.ve]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "ave"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ave meaning in Latin (16.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.