"-um" meaning in Latin

See -um in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: [ˈũː] [Classical-Latin], [ˈum] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) Forms: -ũ [alternative], -om [alternative]
Etymology: From Proto-Italic *-om, from Proto-Indo-European *-om (thematic masculine singular accusative and neuter singular nominative and accusative ending). Etymology templates: {{etymid|la|accusative singular}}, {{etymon|la|:inh|ine-pro:*-om<id:accusative>|id=accusative singular}}, {{inh|la|itc-pro|*-om}} Proto-Italic *-om, {{inh|la|ine-pro|*-om|pos=thematic masculine singular accusative and neuter singular nominative and accusative ending}} Proto-Indo-European *-om (thematic masculine singular accusative and neuter singular nominative and accusative ending) Head templates: {{head|la|suffix form}} -um
  1. inflection of -us:
    accusative masculine singular
    Tags: accusative, form-of, masculine, morpheme, singular Form of: -us
    Sense id: en--um-la-suffix-QWRo9zG7
  2. inflection of -us:
    nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular
    Tags: accusative, form-of, morpheme, neuter, nominative, singular, vocative Form of: -us
    Sense id: en--um-la-suffix-tr35ep9i Categories (other): Latin entries referencing missing etymons Disambiguation of Latin entries referencing missing etymons: 41 59
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix

IPA: [ˈũː] [Classical-Latin], [ˈum] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) Forms: -om [alternative], -ûm [alternative], -ôm [alternative], -ūm [alternative], -ōm [alternative]
Etymology: From Proto-Italic *-om, from Proto-Indo-European *-oHom (genitive plural ending). Etymology templates: {{etymid|la|genitive plural}}, {{inh|la|itc-pro|*-om}} Proto-Italic *-om, {{inh|la|ine-pro|*-oHom|pos=genitive plural ending}} Proto-Indo-European *-oHom (genitive plural ending) Head templates: {{head|la|suffix|cat2=inflectional suffixes|head=-um}} -um
  1. genitive plural ending
    found in -ōrum
    Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--um-la-suffix-2Vb12S-Y Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 2 4 36 36 12 10
  2. genitive plural ending
    found in -ārum
    Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--um-la-suffix--Y~MAaQZ Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 2 4 36 36 12 10
  3. genitive plural ending
    regular ending for 3rd-, 4th- and 5th-conjugation terms
    Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--um-la-suffix-Rd8VTwqT Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 2 4 36 36 12 10
  4. genitive plural ending
    Sometimes found instead of -ōrum, -ārum or -ium
    Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--um-la-suffix-hkLt5SvR
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Alternative forms

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    }
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  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *-om, from Proto-Indo-European *-om (thematic masculine singular accusative and neuter singular nominative and accusative ending).",
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      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
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        "alternative"
      ]
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        "2": "suffix form"
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        {
          "word": "-us"
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        "inflection of -us:",
        "accusative masculine singular"
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          "-us",
          "-us#Latin"
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        "singular"
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        {
          "word": "-us"
        }
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        "inflection of -us:",
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      ],
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          "-us",
          "-us#Latin"
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        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈũː]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈum]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-um"
}

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  "etymology_number": 2,
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      "name": "inh"
    }
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  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *-om, from Proto-Indo-European *-oHom (genitive plural ending).",
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      "form": "-om",
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        "alternative"
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      "form": "-ûm",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ôm",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ūm",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
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    {
      "form": "-ōm",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
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          "_dis": "2 4 36 36 12 10",
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          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
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        "genitive plural ending",
        "found in -ōrum"
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          "-ōrum",
          "-orum#Latin"
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          "_dis": "2 4 36 36 12 10",
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        "regular ending for 3rd-, 4th- and 5th-conjugation terms"
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        "morpheme"
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        {
          "english": "1938 translation by Roland G. Kent\nThus it seems to me that since the definite and the indefinite have an inherent difference, the two ought not to be spoken in the same fashion, the more so because in the words themselves, when they are attached to a definite number in the thousands, a form is used which is not the same as that used in other expressions. For they speak thus: mille denarium 'thousand of denarii,' not denariorum, and two milia denarium 'thousands of denarii,' not denariorum. If it were denarii in the nominative and it denoted an indefinite quantity, then it ought to be denariorum in the genitive; and the same distinction must be preserved, it seems to me, not only in denarii, victoriati, drachmae, and nummi, but also in viri, when we say that there has been a decision of the triumvirs, the decemvirs, the centumvirs, all of which have the genitive virum and not virorum.",
          "ref": "116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, On the Latin Language 9.85",
          "text": "Sic videtur mihi, quoniam finitum et infinitum habeat dissimilitudinem, non debere utrumque item dici, eo magis quod in ipsis vocabulis ubi additur certus numerus miliar⟨i⟩is aliter atque in reliquis dicitur: nam sic loquontur, hoc mille denarium, non hoc mille denari⟨orum⟩, et haec duo milia denarium, non duo milia denari⟨orum⟩. Si esset denarii in recto casu atque infinitam multitudinem significaret, tunc in patrico denariorum dici oportebat; et non solum in denariis, victoriatis, drachmis, nummis, sed etiam in viris idem servari oportere, cum dicimus iudicium fuisse triumvirum, decem⟨virum, centum⟩-virum, non ⟨triumvirorum, decemvirorum⟩, centum-virorum.",
          "translation": "1938 translation by Roland G. Kent\nThus it seems to me that since the definite and the indefinite have an inherent difference, the two ought not to be spoken in the same fashion, the more so because in the words themselves, when they are attached to a definite number in the thousands, a form is used which is not the same as that used in other expressions. For they speak thus: mille denarium 'thousand of denarii,' not denariorum, and two milia denarium 'thousands of denarii,' not denariorum. If it were denarii in the nominative and it denoted an indefinite quantity, then it ought to be denariorum in the genitive; and the same distinction must be preserved, it seems to me, not only in denarii, victoriati, drachmae, and nummi, but also in viri, when we say that there has been a decision of the triumvirs, the decemvirs, the centumvirs, all of which have the genitive virum and not virorum.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "46 BCE, Cicero, Orator 155",
          "text": "Atque etiam a quibusdam sero iam emendatur antiquitas, qui haec reprehendunt. Nam pro 'deum atque hominum fidem', 'deorum' aiunt. Ita credo hoc illi nesciebant: an dabat hanc licentiam consuetudo? Itaque idem poeta qui inusitatius contraxerat: \"Patris mei meum factum pudet\" pro 'meorum factorum' et \"Texitur, exitium examen rapit\" pro 'exitiorum', non dicit 'liberum', ut plerique loquimur, cum 'cupidos liberum' aut 'in liberum loco' dicimus, sed ut isti volunt: \"Neque tuom unquam in gremium extollas liberorum ex te genus\" et idem: \"Namque Aesculapi liberorum.\" At ille alter in Chryse non solum: \"Cives, antiqui amici maiorum meum\" quod erat usitatum, sed durius etiam: \"Consilium socii, augurium atque extum interpretes\", idemque pergit: \"Postquam prodigium horriferum, portentum pavos\"; quae non sane sunt in omnibus neutris usitata. Nec enim dixerim tam lubenter 'armum iudicium',—etsi est apud eundem: \"Nihilne ad te de iudicio armum accidit?\"—quam 'centuriam', ut censoriae tabulae locuntur, 'fabrum et procum' audeo dicere, non 'fabrorum' et 'procorum'; planeque 'duorumvirorum iudicium' aut 'triumvirorum capitalium' aut 'decemvirorum stlitibus iudicandis' dico nunquam. Atqui dixit Accius: \"Video sepulcra dua duorum corporum\" idemque \"Mulier una duom virum\". Quid verum sit intellego; sed alias ita loquor ut concessum est, ut hoc vel 'pro deum' dico vel 'pro deorum', alias ut necesse est, cum triumvirum, non virorum, et sestertium, nummum, non sestertiorum, nummorum, quod in his consuetudo varia non est.\nAnd even the ancients are corrected now, late in the day, by certain people who find fault with these things. So for 'deum atque hominum fidem', they say 'deorum'. I suppose those of the past did not know the latter usage; or did custom grant this license? Thus the same poet who had used the more unusual contractions \"Patris mei meum factum pudet\" for 'meorum factorum' and \"Texitur, exitium examen rapit\" for 'exitiorum', did not say 'liberum', as very many of us do, when we say 'cupidos liberum' or 'in liberum loco', but said 'liberorum' as those people want: \"Neque tuom unquam in gremium extollas liberorum ex te genus\" and again \"Namque Aesculapi liberorum.\" On the other hand, that other poet in Chryses not only says \"Cives, antiqui amici maiorum meum\", which was customary then, but also more harshly \"Consilium socii, augurium atque extum interpretes\", and then proceeds to say \"Postquam prodigium horriferum, portentum pavos\", which certainly are not customary in all neuter nouns. And truly I would not so freely say 'armum iudicium'—although it is found in the same author: \"Nihilne ad te de iudicio armum accidit?\"—as I would say 'centuriam fabrum et procum', as the census records say, not 'fabrorum' and 'procorum'; and by all means I never say 'duorumvirorum iudicium' or 'triumvirorum capitalium' or 'decemvirorum stlitibus iudicandis'. And yet Accius said \"Video sepulcra dua duorum corporum\" and also \"Mulier una duom virum\". I know what is correct, but sometimes I speak in such a manner as is allowed, such as in this case I say either 'pro deum' or 'pro deorum [fidem]', sometimes as is required, when I say triumvirum, not virorum, and sestertium, nummum, not sestertiorum, nummorum, because in these cases usage is not variable.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
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        "genitive plural ending",
        "Sometimes found instead of -ōrum, -ārum or -ium"
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        [
          "-ōrum",
          "-orum#Latin"
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          "-ārum",
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        ],
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          "-ium",
          "-ium#Latin"
        ]
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        "morpheme"
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  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈũː]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
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    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈum]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-um"
}
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    "Latin suffix forms",
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    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
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    "Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 18 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
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        "alternative"
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      "ipa": "[ˈum]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
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      "tags": [
        "alternative"
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      "form": "-ôm",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
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    {
      "form": "-ūm",
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        "genitive plural ending",
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        "genitive plural ending",
        "regular ending for 3rd-, 4th- and 5th-conjugation terms"
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        "morpheme"
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        {
          "english": "1938 translation by Roland G. Kent\nThus it seems to me that since the definite and the indefinite have an inherent difference, the two ought not to be spoken in the same fashion, the more so because in the words themselves, when they are attached to a definite number in the thousands, a form is used which is not the same as that used in other expressions. For they speak thus: mille denarium 'thousand of denarii,' not denariorum, and two milia denarium 'thousands of denarii,' not denariorum. If it were denarii in the nominative and it denoted an indefinite quantity, then it ought to be denariorum in the genitive; and the same distinction must be preserved, it seems to me, not only in denarii, victoriati, drachmae, and nummi, but also in viri, when we say that there has been a decision of the triumvirs, the decemvirs, the centumvirs, all of which have the genitive virum and not virorum.",
          "ref": "116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, On the Latin Language 9.85",
          "text": "Sic videtur mihi, quoniam finitum et infinitum habeat dissimilitudinem, non debere utrumque item dici, eo magis quod in ipsis vocabulis ubi additur certus numerus miliar⟨i⟩is aliter atque in reliquis dicitur: nam sic loquontur, hoc mille denarium, non hoc mille denari⟨orum⟩, et haec duo milia denarium, non duo milia denari⟨orum⟩. Si esset denarii in recto casu atque infinitam multitudinem significaret, tunc in patrico denariorum dici oportebat; et non solum in denariis, victoriatis, drachmis, nummis, sed etiam in viris idem servari oportere, cum dicimus iudicium fuisse triumvirum, decem⟨virum, centum⟩-virum, non ⟨triumvirorum, decemvirorum⟩, centum-virorum.",
          "translation": "1938 translation by Roland G. Kent\nThus it seems to me that since the definite and the indefinite have an inherent difference, the two ought not to be spoken in the same fashion, the more so because in the words themselves, when they are attached to a definite number in the thousands, a form is used which is not the same as that used in other expressions. For they speak thus: mille denarium 'thousand of denarii,' not denariorum, and two milia denarium 'thousands of denarii,' not denariorum. If it were denarii in the nominative and it denoted an indefinite quantity, then it ought to be denariorum in the genitive; and the same distinction must be preserved, it seems to me, not only in denarii, victoriati, drachmae, and nummi, but also in viri, when we say that there has been a decision of the triumvirs, the decemvirs, the centumvirs, all of which have the genitive virum and not virorum.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "46 BCE, Cicero, Orator 155",
          "text": "Atque etiam a quibusdam sero iam emendatur antiquitas, qui haec reprehendunt. Nam pro 'deum atque hominum fidem', 'deorum' aiunt. Ita credo hoc illi nesciebant: an dabat hanc licentiam consuetudo? Itaque idem poeta qui inusitatius contraxerat: \"Patris mei meum factum pudet\" pro 'meorum factorum' et \"Texitur, exitium examen rapit\" pro 'exitiorum', non dicit 'liberum', ut plerique loquimur, cum 'cupidos liberum' aut 'in liberum loco' dicimus, sed ut isti volunt: \"Neque tuom unquam in gremium extollas liberorum ex te genus\" et idem: \"Namque Aesculapi liberorum.\" At ille alter in Chryse non solum: \"Cives, antiqui amici maiorum meum\" quod erat usitatum, sed durius etiam: \"Consilium socii, augurium atque extum interpretes\", idemque pergit: \"Postquam prodigium horriferum, portentum pavos\"; quae non sane sunt in omnibus neutris usitata. Nec enim dixerim tam lubenter 'armum iudicium',—etsi est apud eundem: \"Nihilne ad te de iudicio armum accidit?\"—quam 'centuriam', ut censoriae tabulae locuntur, 'fabrum et procum' audeo dicere, non 'fabrorum' et 'procorum'; planeque 'duorumvirorum iudicium' aut 'triumvirorum capitalium' aut 'decemvirorum stlitibus iudicandis' dico nunquam. Atqui dixit Accius: \"Video sepulcra dua duorum corporum\" idemque \"Mulier una duom virum\". Quid verum sit intellego; sed alias ita loquor ut concessum est, ut hoc vel 'pro deum' dico vel 'pro deorum', alias ut necesse est, cum triumvirum, non virorum, et sestertium, nummum, non sestertiorum, nummorum, quod in his consuetudo varia non est.\nAnd even the ancients are corrected now, late in the day, by certain people who find fault with these things. So for 'deum atque hominum fidem', they say 'deorum'. I suppose those of the past did not know the latter usage; or did custom grant this license? Thus the same poet who had used the more unusual contractions \"Patris mei meum factum pudet\" for 'meorum factorum' and \"Texitur, exitium examen rapit\" for 'exitiorum', did not say 'liberum', as very many of us do, when we say 'cupidos liberum' or 'in liberum loco', but said 'liberorum' as those people want: \"Neque tuom unquam in gremium extollas liberorum ex te genus\" and again \"Namque Aesculapi liberorum.\" On the other hand, that other poet in Chryses not only says \"Cives, antiqui amici maiorum meum\", which was customary then, but also more harshly \"Consilium socii, augurium atque extum interpretes\", and then proceeds to say \"Postquam prodigium horriferum, portentum pavos\", which certainly are not customary in all neuter nouns. And truly I would not so freely say 'armum iudicium'—although it is found in the same author: \"Nihilne ad te de iudicio armum accidit?\"—as I would say 'centuriam fabrum et procum', as the census records say, not 'fabrorum' and 'procorum'; and by all means I never say 'duorumvirorum iudicium' or 'triumvirorum capitalium' or 'decemvirorum stlitibus iudicandis'. And yet Accius said \"Video sepulcra dua duorum corporum\" and also \"Mulier una duom virum\". I know what is correct, but sometimes I speak in such a manner as is allowed, such as in this case I say either 'pro deum' or 'pro deorum [fidem]', sometimes as is required, when I say triumvirum, not virorum, and sestertium, nummum, not sestertiorum, nummorum, because in these cases usage is not variable.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "genitive plural ending",
        "Sometimes found instead of -ōrum, -ārum or -ium"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-ōrum",
          "-orum#Latin"
        ],
        [
          "-ārum",
          "-arum#Latin"
        ],
        [
          "-ium",
          "-ium#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈũː]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈum]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-um"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -um meaning in Latin (10.1kB)


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