"ຂົມ" meaning in Lao

See ຂົມ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: [kʰom˩(˧)] (note: Vientiane), [kʰom˥˧˧] (note: Luang Prabang) Forms: khom [romanization], ຄວາມຂົມ [abstract-noun]
Rhymes: -om Etymology: From Proto-Tai *C̬.qɤmᴬ (“bitter”). Cognate with Thai ขม (kǒm), Lü ᦃᦳᧄ (ẋum), Tai Dam ꪶꪄꪣ, Shan ၶူမ် (khǔum), Ahom 𑜁𑜪𑜤 (khǔum), Zhuang haemz, Saek กฺั๊ม. Etymology templates: {{inh|lo|tai-pro|*C̬.qɤmᴬ||bitter}} Proto-Tai *C̬.qɤmᴬ (“bitter”), {{cog|th|ขม}} Thai ขม (kǒm), {{cog|khb|ᦃᦳᧄ}} Lü ᦃᦳᧄ (ẋum), {{cog|blt|ꪶꪄꪣ}} Tai Dam ꪶꪄꪣ, {{cog|shn|ၶူမ်}} Shan ၶူမ် (khǔum), {{cog|aho|𑜁𑜪𑜤|tr=khǔum}} Ahom 𑜁𑜪𑜤 (khǔum), {{cog|za|haemz}} Zhuang haemz, {{cog|skb|กฺั๊ม}} Saek กฺั๊ม Head templates: {{lo-adj}} ຂົມ • (khom) (abstract noun ຄວາມຂົມ)
  1. bitter. Related terms: ຫວານ (wān), ປ້ຽວ (piāu), ສົ້ມ (som), ເຄັມ (khem), ເຜັດ (phet), ອູມາມີ (ʼū mā mī)
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lo",
        "2": "tai-pro",
        "3": "*C̬.qɤmᴬ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "bitter"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Tai *C̬.qɤmᴬ (“bitter”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "ขม"
      },
      "expansion": "Thai ขม (kǒm)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "khb",
        "2": "ᦃᦳᧄ"
      },
      "expansion": "Lü ᦃᦳᧄ (ẋum)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "blt",
        "2": "ꪶꪄꪣ"
      },
      "expansion": "Tai Dam ꪶꪄꪣ",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "shn",
        "2": "ၶူမ်"
      },
      "expansion": "Shan ၶူမ် (khǔum)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "aho",
        "2": "𑜁𑜪𑜤",
        "tr": "khǔum"
      },
      "expansion": "Ahom 𑜁𑜪𑜤 (khǔum)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "za",
        "2": "haemz"
      },
      "expansion": "Zhuang haemz",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skb",
        "2": "กฺั๊ม"
      },
      "expansion": "Saek กฺั๊ม",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Tai *C̬.qɤmᴬ (“bitter”). Cognate with Thai ขม (kǒm), Lü ᦃᦳᧄ (ẋum), Tai Dam ꪶꪄꪣ, Shan ၶူမ် (khǔum), Ahom 𑜁𑜪𑜤 (khǔum), Zhuang haemz, Saek กฺั๊ม.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "khom",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ຄວາມຂົມ",
      "tags": [
        "abstract-noun"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ຂົມ • (khom) (abstract noun ຄວາມຂົມ)",
      "name": "lo-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ຂົມ"
  ],
  "lang": "Lao",
  "lang_code": "lo",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ahom terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Lao entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bitter."
      ],
      "id": "en-ຂົມ-lo-adj-ZKZT8VWm",
      "links": [
        [
          "bitter",
          "bitter"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "wān",
          "word": "ຫວານ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "piāu",
          "word": "ປ້ຽວ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "som",
          "word": "ສົ້ມ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "khem",
          "word": "ເຄັມ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "phet",
          "word": "ເຜັດ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "ʼū mā mī",
          "word": "ອູມາມີ"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰom˩(˧)]",
      "note": "Vientiane"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰom˥˧˧]",
      "note": "Luang Prabang"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-om"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ຂົມ"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lo",
        "2": "tai-pro",
        "3": "*C̬.qɤmᴬ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "bitter"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Tai *C̬.qɤmᴬ (“bitter”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "ขม"
      },
      "expansion": "Thai ขม (kǒm)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "khb",
        "2": "ᦃᦳᧄ"
      },
      "expansion": "Lü ᦃᦳᧄ (ẋum)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "blt",
        "2": "ꪶꪄꪣ"
      },
      "expansion": "Tai Dam ꪶꪄꪣ",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "shn",
        "2": "ၶူမ်"
      },
      "expansion": "Shan ၶူမ် (khǔum)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "aho",
        "2": "𑜁𑜪𑜤",
        "tr": "khǔum"
      },
      "expansion": "Ahom 𑜁𑜪𑜤 (khǔum)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "za",
        "2": "haemz"
      },
      "expansion": "Zhuang haemz",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skb",
        "2": "กฺั๊ม"
      },
      "expansion": "Saek กฺั๊ม",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Tai *C̬.qɤmᴬ (“bitter”). Cognate with Thai ขม (kǒm), Lü ᦃᦳᧄ (ẋum), Tai Dam ꪶꪄꪣ, Shan ၶူမ် (khǔum), Ahom 𑜁𑜪𑜤 (khǔum), Zhuang haemz, Saek กฺั๊ม.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "khom",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ຄວາມຂົມ",
      "tags": [
        "abstract-noun"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ຂົມ • (khom) (abstract noun ຄວາມຂົມ)",
      "name": "lo-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ຂົມ"
  ],
  "lang": "Lao",
  "lang_code": "lo",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "wān",
      "word": "ຫວານ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "piāu",
      "word": "ປ້ຽວ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "som",
      "word": "ສົ້ມ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khem",
      "word": "ເຄັມ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "phet",
      "word": "ເຜັດ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ʼū mā mī",
      "word": "ອູມາມີ"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ahom terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
        "Lao 1-syllable words",
        "Lao adjectives",
        "Lao entries with incorrect language header",
        "Lao lemmas",
        "Lao terms derived from Proto-Tai",
        "Lao terms inherited from Proto-Tai",
        "Lao terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Rhymes:Lao/om"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bitter."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bitter",
          "bitter"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰom˩(˧)]",
      "note": "Vientiane"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰom˥˧˧]",
      "note": "Luang Prabang"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-om"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ຂົມ"
}

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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Lao dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (3dadd05 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.