"춥다" meaning in Korean

See 춥다 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: [t͡ɕʰup̚t͈a̠] [SK-Standard, Seoul]
Etymology: First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 칩다 (Yale: chipta). Etymology templates: {{ko-etym-native|ws|칩다|chipta}} First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 칩다 (Yale: chipta). Head templates: {{ko-adj|irreg=y}} 춥다 • (chupda) (irregular, infinitive 추워, sequential 추우니) Forms: chupda [romanization], 추워 [infinitive], 추우니 [sequential], irregular [table-tags], 춥다 [formal, indicative, non-past], 추워 [indicative, informal, non-past], 추워요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 춥습니다 [formal, indicative, non-past, polite], 추웠다 [formal, indicative, past], 추웠어 [indicative, informal, past], 추웠어요 [indicative, informal, past, polite], 추웠습니다 [formal, indicative, past, polite], 추우냐 [formal, interrogative, non-past], 추워 [informal, interrogative, non-past], 추워요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 춥습니까 [formal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 추웠냐 [formal, interrogative, past], 추웠어 [informal, interrogative, past], 추웠어요 [informal, interrogative, past, polite], 추웠습니까 [formal, interrogative, past, polite], 춥겠다 [assertive, formal], 춥겠어 [assertive, informal], 춥겠어요 [assertive, informal, polite], 춥겠습니다 [assertive, formal, polite], 추워 [causative, formal], 추워서 [causative, informal], 추우니 [causative, informal, polite], 추우니까 [causative, formal, polite], 춥지만 [contrastive, formal], 추운데 [contrastive, informal], 춥더니 [contrastive, informal, polite], 춥고 [conjunctive, formal], 추우면 [conditional, formal], 추워야 [conditional, informal], 추움 [formal, noun-from-verb], 춥기 [informal, noun-from-verb], 추웠음 [formal, noun-from-verb, past], 추웠기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 추운 [determiner, informal, present], 추울 [determiner, future, informal], irregular [table-tags], 추우시다 [indicative, non-past], 추우셔 [indicative, informal, non-past], 추우세요 [indicative, non-past, polite], 추우셔요 [indicative, non-past, polite], 추우십니다 [formal, indicative, non-past], 추우셨다 [indicative, past], 추우셨어 [indicative, informal, past], 추우셨어요 [indicative, past, polite], 추우셨습니다 [formal, indicative, past], 추우시냐 [interrogative, non-past], 추우셔 [informal, interrogative, non-past], 추우세요 [interrogative, non-past, polite], 추우셔요 [interrogative, non-past, polite], 추우십니까 [formal, interrogative, non-past], 추우셨냐 [interrogative, past], 추우셨어 [informal, interrogative, past], 추우셨어요 [interrogative, past, polite], 추우셨습니까 [formal, interrogative, past], 추우시겠다 [assertive], 추우시겠어 [assertive, informal], 추우시겠어요 [assertive, polite], 추우시겠습니다 [assertive, formal], 추우셔 [causative], 추우셔서 [causative, informal], 추우시니 [causative, polite], 추우시니까 [causative, formal], 추우시지만 [contrastive], 추우신데 [contrastive, informal], 추우시더니 [contrastive, polite], 추우시고 [conjunctive], 추우시면 [conditional], 추우셔야 [conditional, informal], 추우심 [noun-from-verb], 추우시기 [informal, noun-from-verb], 추우셨음 [noun-from-verb, past], 추우셨기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 추우신 [determiner, informal, present], 추우실 [determiner, future, informal]
  1. (usually, of weather) (to be) cold Tags: irregular, usually Related terms: 차다 (chada), 차갑다 (chagapda) (english: to be cold)

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for 춥다 meaning in Korean (10.5kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ws",
        "2": "칩다",
        "3": "chipta"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 칩다 (Yale: chipta).",
      "name": "ko-etym-native"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 칩다 (Yale: chipta).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chupda",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추워",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우니",
      "tags": [
        "sequential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/adj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "consonant-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "춥다",
      "roman": "chupda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추워",
      "roman": "chuwo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추워요",
      "roman": "chuwoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "춥습니다",
      "roman": "chupseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추웠다",
      "roman": "chuwotda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추웠어",
      "roman": "chuwosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추웠어요",
      "roman": "chuwosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추웠습니다",
      "roman": "chuwotseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우냐",
      "roman": "chuunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추워",
      "roman": "chuwo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추워요",
      "roman": "chuwoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "춥습니까",
      "roman": "chupseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추웠냐",
      "roman": "chuwonnya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추웠어",
      "roman": "chuwosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추웠어요",
      "roman": "chuwosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추웠습니까",
      "roman": "chuwotseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "춥겠다",
      "roman": "chupgetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "춥겠어",
      "roman": "chupgesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "춥겠어요",
      "roman": "chupgesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "춥겠습니다",
      "roman": "chupgetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추워",
      "roman": "chuwo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추워서",
      "roman": "chuwoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우니",
      "roman": "chuuni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우니까",
      "roman": "chuunikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "춥지만",
      "roman": "chupjiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추운데",
      "roman": "chuunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "춥더니",
      "roman": "chupdeoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "춥고",
      "roman": "chupgo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우면",
      "roman": "chuumyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추워야",
      "roman": "chuwoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추움",
      "roman": "chuum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "춥기",
      "roman": "chupgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추웠음",
      "roman": "chuwosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추웠기",
      "roman": "chuwotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추운",
      "roman": "chuun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "informal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추울",
      "roman": "chuul",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "future",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/adj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "consonant-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우시다",
      "roman": "chuusida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셔",
      "roman": "chuusyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우세요",
      "roman": "chuuseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셔요",
      "roman": "chuusyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우십니다",
      "roman": "chuusimnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셨다",
      "roman": "chuusyeotda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셨어",
      "roman": "chuusyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셨어요",
      "roman": "chuusyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셨습니다",
      "roman": "chuusyeotseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우시냐",
      "roman": "chuusinya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셔",
      "roman": "chuusyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우세요",
      "roman": "chuuseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셔요",
      "roman": "chuusyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우십니까",
      "roman": "chuusimnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셨냐",
      "roman": "chuusyeonnya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셨어",
      "roman": "chuusyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셨어요",
      "roman": "chuusyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셨습니까",
      "roman": "chuusyeotseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우시겠다",
      "roman": "chuusigetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우시겠어",
      "roman": "chuusigesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우시겠어요",
      "roman": "chuusigesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우시겠습니다",
      "roman": "chuusigetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셔",
      "roman": "chuusyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셔서",
      "roman": "chuusyeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우시니",
      "roman": "chuusini",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우시니까",
      "roman": "chuusinikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우시지만",
      "roman": "chuusijiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우신데",
      "roman": "chuusinde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우시더니",
      "roman": "chuusideoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우시고",
      "roman": "chuusigo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우시면",
      "roman": "chuusimyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셔야",
      "roman": "chuusyeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우심",
      "roman": "chuusim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우시기",
      "roman": "chuusigi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셨음",
      "roman": "chuusyeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셨기",
      "roman": "chuusyeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우신",
      "roman": "chuusin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "informal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우실",
      "roman": "chuusil",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "future",
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "irreg": "y"
      },
      "expansion": "춥다 • (chupda) (irregular, infinitive 추워, sequential 추우니)",
      "name": "ko-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Native Korean words",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "(to be) cold"
      ],
      "id": "en-춥다-ko-adj-wpC0gcGV",
      "links": [
        [
          "cold",
          "cold"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually, of weather) (to be) cold"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of weather"
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "chada",
          "word": "차다"
        },
        {
          "english": "to be cold",
          "roman": "chagapda",
          "word": "차갑다"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "irregular",
        "usually"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[t͡ɕʰup̚t͈a̠]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "[춥따]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "춥다"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ws",
        "2": "칩다",
        "3": "chipta"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 칩다 (Yale: chipta).",
      "name": "ko-etym-native"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 칩다 (Yale: chipta).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chupda",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추워",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우니",
      "tags": [
        "sequential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/adj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "consonant-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "춥다",
      "roman": "chupda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추워",
      "roman": "chuwo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추워요",
      "roman": "chuwoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "춥습니다",
      "roman": "chupseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추웠다",
      "roman": "chuwotda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추웠어",
      "roman": "chuwosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추웠어요",
      "roman": "chuwosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추웠습니다",
      "roman": "chuwotseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우냐",
      "roman": "chuunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추워",
      "roman": "chuwo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추워요",
      "roman": "chuwoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "춥습니까",
      "roman": "chupseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추웠냐",
      "roman": "chuwonnya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추웠어",
      "roman": "chuwosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추웠어요",
      "roman": "chuwosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추웠습니까",
      "roman": "chuwotseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "춥겠다",
      "roman": "chupgetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "춥겠어",
      "roman": "chupgesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "춥겠어요",
      "roman": "chupgesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "춥겠습니다",
      "roman": "chupgetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추워",
      "roman": "chuwo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추워서",
      "roman": "chuwoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우니",
      "roman": "chuuni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우니까",
      "roman": "chuunikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "춥지만",
      "roman": "chupjiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추운데",
      "roman": "chuunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "춥더니",
      "roman": "chupdeoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "춥고",
      "roman": "chupgo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우면",
      "roman": "chuumyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추워야",
      "roman": "chuwoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추움",
      "roman": "chuum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "춥기",
      "roman": "chupgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추웠음",
      "roman": "chuwosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추웠기",
      "roman": "chuwotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추운",
      "roman": "chuun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "informal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추울",
      "roman": "chuul",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "future",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/adj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "consonant-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우시다",
      "roman": "chuusida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셔",
      "roman": "chuusyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우세요",
      "roman": "chuuseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셔요",
      "roman": "chuusyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우십니다",
      "roman": "chuusimnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셨다",
      "roman": "chuusyeotda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셨어",
      "roman": "chuusyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셨어요",
      "roman": "chuusyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셨습니다",
      "roman": "chuusyeotseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우시냐",
      "roman": "chuusinya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셔",
      "roman": "chuusyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우세요",
      "roman": "chuuseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셔요",
      "roman": "chuusyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우십니까",
      "roman": "chuusimnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셨냐",
      "roman": "chuusyeonnya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셨어",
      "roman": "chuusyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셨어요",
      "roman": "chuusyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셨습니까",
      "roman": "chuusyeotseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우시겠다",
      "roman": "chuusigetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우시겠어",
      "roman": "chuusigesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우시겠어요",
      "roman": "chuusigesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우시겠습니다",
      "roman": "chuusigetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셔",
      "roman": "chuusyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셔서",
      "roman": "chuusyeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우시니",
      "roman": "chuusini",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우시니까",
      "roman": "chuusinikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우시지만",
      "roman": "chuusijiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우신데",
      "roman": "chuusinde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우시더니",
      "roman": "chuusideoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우시고",
      "roman": "chuusigo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우시면",
      "roman": "chuusimyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셔야",
      "roman": "chuusyeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우심",
      "roman": "chuusim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우시기",
      "roman": "chuusigi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셨음",
      "roman": "chuusyeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우셨기",
      "roman": "chuusyeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우신",
      "roman": "chuusin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "informal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "추우실",
      "roman": "chuusil",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "future",
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "irreg": "y"
      },
      "expansion": "춥다 • (chupda) (irregular, infinitive 추워, sequential 추우니)",
      "name": "ko-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "chada",
      "word": "차다"
    },
    {
      "english": "to be cold",
      "roman": "chagapda",
      "word": "차갑다"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Korean adjectives",
        "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
        "Korean lemmas",
        "Korean p-irregular adjectives",
        "Korean terms derived from Middle Korean",
        "Korean terms inherited from Middle Korean",
        "Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
        "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
        "Native Korean words"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "(to be) cold"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cold",
          "cold"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually, of weather) (to be) cold"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of weather"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "irregular",
        "usually"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[t͡ɕʰup̚t͈a̠]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "[춥따]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "춥다"
}
{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "춥다"
  ],
  "section": "Korean",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "춥다",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "춥다"
  ],
  "section": "Korean",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "춥다",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "춥다"
  ],
  "section": "Korean",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "춥다",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "춥다"
  ],
  "section": "Korean",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "춥다",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "춥다"
  ],
  "section": "Korean",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "춥다",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "춥다"
  ],
  "section": "Korean",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "춥다",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "춥다"
  ],
  "section": "Korean",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "춥다",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "춥다"
  ],
  "section": "Korean",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "춥다",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Korean dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (8203a16 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.